Where is Chiyou's hometown?

Chiyou's hometown is in Siyou (Chiyou Village, Lean Town, Anhua, Hunan)

At the end of the last century, China historians finally recovered Chiyou's reputation, positioning it as "the third ancestor of mankind at the beginning of the formation of the Chinese nation and the yellow emperor", and built a solemn "Chinese Third Ancestor Hall" in Zhuolu, not far from Huangdi City and Chiyou Village, where Chiyou, Yan Di and Huang Diping sat. Since then, the dispute over Chiyou's hometown has been in the ascendant. Zhuolu in Hebei, Salt Lake in Shanxi, Anhua, Xinhua, Longhui and Xinshao in Hunan are all among them, all of which are making a strong momentum. Anhua, the hometown of homesickness (now the hometown of homesickness in Le 'an Town), is famous for its rich Chiyou sites, ancient Chiyou worship and rare Chiyou worship.

Chiyou's hometown is homesick.

At the foot of the towering Xuefeng Mountain and by the Chiyou River, there is a homesick town that worships Chiyou for generations.

There are many cultural relics of Chiyou, many temples and ancestral halls, and strange caves in mountains and streams. This is not only the birthplace of Meishan culture in Anhua, but also a veritable Chiyou cultural belt, and all kinds of cultural phenomena are related to "missing you". 1997165438+10, the second international symposium on Meishan culture was held here; In June 2005, a Sino-British Himalayan expedition came here for an inspection. Recently, the literary pen meeting of "A Journey to Chiyou's Hometown" in Hunan Province was held here. Experts and scholars in the fields of history and literature who come here in person are all amazed: there are many remains of Chiyou in the mountains and rivers, and the people are thinking of you. Whether it's the manuscript between the beams at the bottom of the box, the old musical instrument on the roof of Er Shen Temple, or the mantra of men, women and children, even every detail of daily life, every process of birth, illness and death, there are other cultural symbols, cultural information, folk customs, worship beliefs ... generations of feelings, ever-changing weather, all of which show its unique humanistic charm.

Chiyou complex, thinking about you and traveling, comes down in one continuous line.

Chiyou, the leader of the nine Li ethnic groups in the ancient East, according to Zhang Shoujie, a historical book of Justice, recorded: "Eighty-one Chiyou brothers ate sand and stones with copper heads, founded a crossbow, a staff, a sword and a halberd, and made a great impact on the world." Chiyou knows astronomy above and geography below. He can give orders in war and is always a shoo-in. He fought against the Yellow Emperor and won nine wars and nine victories. Later, the Yellow Emperor joined forces with Yan Di in Zhuolu to fight against Chiyou, and asked the goddess to help him shelter from the wind and rain, so he captured and killed Chiyou. Yu Bu's southward migration merged with the local Miao people. Since ancient times, the Miao people in the south have regarded Chiyou as their ancestor and later evolved into a god. Wu Tianguo wrote "Immortal" as follows: "The bull's head, ox's foot, human body, four eyes and six arms can stand upside down, like a sword halberd, with long and hard horns on its head, which is unstoppable." The article "Zhou Li Chun Guan Shi Si" pointed out the "ghost": "Ghost, the teacher also sacrificed. Its god Gai Chiyou. " The name of the god of war, from ancient times to the present, has turned into a star, recorded in historical records and official books.

Missing you is full of deep affection for your ancestor Chiyou. When we open the annals of Baxiu County in Anhua from Jiajing (1543) in Ming Dynasty to New China, the place names of Siyou have been recorded and recorded for nearly 500 years. It is an unparalleled brand in the study of Chiyou culture in China. In Yiyang Archives, there is still a complete ballad of land reform: "The land reform went to Siyou Village, alas, hey hey, when it came to Siyou Village ... the local landlords lost their eyes and the poor peasants had to turn over."

Siyou Village is on the border of Chiyou. The Chiyou boundary is adjacent to Meicheng in the east and Xinhua in the west, with a vertical and horizontal distance of 20 kilometers and an altitude of more than 800 meters. It is a place where Han, Miao and Yao lived together in the past dynasties, with more than 8000 people/kloc-0. The world is full of rocky forests, strange waters and caves, and the remains of Chiyou are everywhere.

Originating in Tian Xin Township, the Chiyou River flows through the Chiyou boundary, crosses the Youxi Bridge in Xinhua and joins the Zijiang River in Baixi, with a total length of about 50 kilometers. This river is constant all the year round; It is quite amazing that this river is rarely flooded, no matter how heavy the flash floods are. From generation to generation, Chiyou's ancestors were protecting their own people.

There is a Chiyou Bridge on the Chiyou River, which is the main road connecting Meicheng with Xinhua and Lianyuan, and is a battleground for military strategists in past dynasties. Pedestrians should rest on the bridge when passing by; Every year, local villagers put three kinds of sacrifices on the bridge and light incense tables to worship Chiyou, so as to ensure the good weather and prosperous population.

The most amazing thing is that there is a Chiyou River under the boundary, which is said to have been dug by Chiyou. Children and grandchildren are connected to fight. Future generations of mighty warriors often travel between Xinhua, Lianyuan and Meicheng. There are countless strange caves in the Milky Way, such as Tianchi, Longdong, Gong 'e, Penglai, Shengui and Yantan. The scenery is different and magnificent. The Chiyou Cave, which has been developed at present, is more than 30 meters high and nearly 100 meters wide. There are many kinds of stalactites. There are five Yushu trees more than 20 meters high, 10 meters long milk stone waterfall. The British explorer David exclaimed after his inspection: The length of the Yin River, the size of the cave and the beauty of the scenery are really rare. Yiyang TV Station, Changsha TV Station and Phoenix TV Station have reported many times, and they are known as the mysterious "underground crown".

The name "Four Friends" has a long history and has been used until the founding of New China. 1953, the township was built in the boundary and renamed as Siyuan township (Chiyou also followed the name of Siyuan), and the township government was located in Xiaxi Jiufu, Siyou Village. During the reform of township system from 65438 to 0995, Siyou Township was merged into Le 'an Township. In 2003, the town was built from the countryside, and the village center was moved to Dahedang. The name of the village was renamed "Dahe Village" and Siyou Village was still used. Name and love are tied together, and Chiyou lives forever. Many names of Chiyou bear witness to history. Chiyou, April, April, with harmonious pronunciation and the same meaning, embodies the Chiyou complex of people who are thinking of traveling in one continuous line and is determined to forget it.

Houses, farm graves and maple trees are the hometown of Chiyou.

Robin pointed out in the book "On Meishan Culture in China" that "Meicheng is the hometown of the Emperor Chiyou", which is mainly based on the rich world relics of Chiyou, and the thoughts of Chiyou, thinking of you and traveling have been passed down from generation to generation. Recently, archaeologists and sociologists have made new discoveries. There is a Chishan Temple on Chiyou Mountain, which is a temple dedicated to Chiyou in history. Although it has not been verified when it was destroyed, the site can be seen. The foundation on the mountain is flat, covering an area of about 5 mu. Strangely, there is a homestead in the south. The villagers said it was Chiyou's field. All the charity givers who pass by the world rest here at night. There are no wet clothes in winter and no mosquito bites in summer. The year before last, an old farmer dug up a stone tablet not far from his house, but he couldn't read the words on it. The next day, when Aoren came back, he was gone. Some elders said that it was collected by Emperor Chiyou in Xiao Yun Cave. Xiao Yun Cave is located by the Chiyou River. It is said that after Chiyou was killed, the adherents of Jiuli put his halberd, gold and silver treasures in the cave, and the cave entrance was sealed with slate, and then a stone dam was built in the Chiyou River to raise the water level and flood the cave entrance for fear that bad guys would steal it. Archaeologists in Yiyang are studying to solve the mystery of Xiao Yun Cave. I believe there will be unexpected surprises.

There is also a little-known image of Chiyou House. The bamboo shoots above the house are all solid, and the bamboo shoots below the house are all hollow. According to folklore, when Chiyou went north, he wrote: I live for the Jiuli brothers. If it is not solid, the bamboo shoots on the mountain will be hollow! In every family in Siyuan, the ancestral motto of educating children is to be a man and be sincere.

There is also a clothing tomb of Chiyou on the hillside not far from Chiyou House, which is also called "the tomb of Chiyou's clothes". It is said that after Chiyou was captured and killed by the Yellow Emperor, his subordinates buried Chiyou's clothes here to commemorate Chiyou. 1972, a kind of "big sweet potato" was developed in the village. The villagers dug up two porcelain vases on the grave and accidentally broke them. There is a combat knife in the vase, but it has rusted and turned into powder. What a pity!

Want to travel, want to have children, send the old back to the mountains to worship Chiyou, brag or worship the maple god. The theory of the maple god is that Chiyou was killed: throw the wooden cangue on the boundary of Chiyou, grow a maple tree, and form a maple garden of more than 30 acres. According to our ancestors, how big is the big maple tree? A bucket (2.2 meters long, 1.3 meters wide and 0.7 and 0.5 meters high from front to back) disappeared behind the tree, because the maple leaf was red with the blood of Chiyou, and it was the mouth of the God Chiyou. Worship under the maple tree can eliminate disasters and diseases, and turn good luck into happiness. There has always been a forbidden monument in Gufeng Garden: logging is forbidden forever. During the big steel-making period, the villagers lamented that the Maple Garden had not escaped the bad luck after several disasters. Now the villagers are planting maple trees, and the worship of maple god is still prevalent.

Sacrificing the stone gods is even more popular when thinking about traveling. There is a huge stone as high as 10 meters near the dam pond of Zanglongba in Tuanle Village, which looks like a human head. In the eyes of villagers, it is considered as a statue of Chiyou. For generations, mountain people have come to kill chickens, burn incense and burn paper for sacrifice, praying for peace and good luck. In the game for children, the most common one is "offering sacrifices to the public", where two people clap their hands, four people sit around and many people form a circle.

There are countless scenery in Chiyou. Among the historical documents are Hundred Comments Historical Records handed down from Xia Zhenchu's family, and almost every family has various handwritten Benjing. Li's genealogy records the common ancestor with Chiyou more accurately. "Li is a descendant of Jiuli" and "Li is a descendant of Chiyou". There are more than 200 people surnamed Li in the tourist circle, which is a rare place where Li lives in Yiyang, Shaoyang and Huaihua. Chiyou was the first to invent ironmaking. In his mind, there are Tieshanba and Tieluchong, and there are the most craftsmen, with more than 100 people all over Hunan. There is also a kind of "slurry mud" in this area, which is a refractory material for ironmaking. As a hot metal pit, the more it burns, the more oil it gets. This kind of mud is rare in other places, and the furnace worker always takes a few pieces with him when he goes out. Even the furnace workers in Changsha have to go to Siyuan to get slurry. Li Shu, a living retired veteran cadre, is over 86 years old. He used to be the vice chairman of Xinyang Federation of Trade Unions, and decided to return to his hometown after retirement. He said, I am a descendant of Chiyou, and I want to go back to my hometown. So far, I have written a lot of poems to commemorate Chiyou. Many overseas descendants of Chiyou came to Meishan to find their roots and ancestors.

Ceremony, staff, scales, eternal worship of Chiyou.

"At the age of Huan, when Wei was born, the descendants of Chiyou should pay tribute to the spirit of my ancestor Chiyou." This is the beginning of Qiu Si homesickness in Dahe Village this year. There are at least 20 kinds of eulogies here, which first came from Yongle period, and later there are various versions of Orthodox, Wanli, Jiaqing and Tongzhi. Different styles, but the content is roughly the same: recalling Chiyou's achievements, not insulting the names of ancestors, sincerely worshiping and praying for grace. At the end, there is a sentence "Fu Wei values righteousness". Sacrifice depends on the scale; Rooster, fruit and grain wine are essential. If there are major events, such as sitting in Sanzutang, Chiyou, a big festival in the world, and festivals in villages at ordinary times, some farmers will have family festivals during the New Year holidays.

Teacher's staff, also called master's staff and ancestor's staff, is an important instrument for thinking about traveling and doing things. Generally, it is made of hardwood such as maple, catalpa bungeana and camphor tree. It is about 1.5 m long and 4 cm in diameter. There are strict rules for making teacher's staff: the top is three feet three, which symbolizes thirty-three heavy days; The lower tip is one inch and eight inches long, symbolizing eighteen layers of hell, and the square iron weight on the iron tip symbolizes four directions; In the round hole at the top, there is a head like Chiyou. The meaning of the staff is very scary, managing the sky and the earth; Manage the four sides and five parties, command the magic soldiers, exorcise evil spirits and treat monsters. Therefore, there are many ways of thinking about traveling and learning from the scriptures, which are the integration and evolution of Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism and witchcraft. But paying homage to Chiyou is the first ceremony, and among many ceremonies, such as celebrating Meishan, mourning and returning to the church, "getting sick" is particularly thrilling.

Siyuan has more than 2,000 scales, which is a well-known place of scales. Who is the founder of the balance? They can't say why. But the consensus is that weigher is a school of thinking and traveling. Nu Wa Niangniang gave her five treasures: one "Chiyou Banner" is an apron; A "measuring ruler" is a two-legged compass, which is a tool used by Nu Wa Niangniang to fill the gap in the amount of heaven; A round millstone was left by Nu Wa Niangniang when mending the sky; A steamed stuffed bun is the little shoes of Nu Wa Niangniang; Nu Wa Niang cut a copper wire knife to seal the gods.

There is a toolbox on the scale. The tall box in front is called "Nandou", and the scales are filled on both sides of the box, which is called "swords and guns everywhere". There are two bamboo pieces and beams in front of the trunk, which are called "two flagpoles". After the apron of the scale is used, it must be hung on two flagpoles, which is called "hanging the flag of Chiyou and traveling north and south without any taboos". According to legend, the emperor wanted to avoid the road when he saw it, and he said that he did not kneel when he saw it. A haunted house can suppress evil spirits, and the caller can sleep peacefully until dawn. The low box at the back is called "Beidou", which contains tools, so I sit and do scales and repair scales.

The 90-year-old scale said it more brilliantly. In memory of Chiyou, the founder invented the weighbridge, which is completely the image of Chiyou. Chiyou is a copper head, and the balance beam is covered with copper skin; Chiyou is an iron forehead, and the scale hook is made of iron; There are horns on Chiyou's head, and the ring is the shape of two horns closed; Chiyou Dao is the god of war, and the horizontal axis of the balance beam rings is called "balance Dao". There are three knives, a split knife, an old knife and a side knife. A heavy weight proves that Chiyou is infinitely powerful; Chiyou is a constellation with stars carved on its scales. The first three kinds, vertical carving, are called "fixed stars", that is, the king of heaven, the king of land and the dragon king; Then cross-cut, the first six are "six stars in the south", the middle seven are "Beidou", and the last three are three stars of Fu, Lu and Shou, totaling sixteen, that is, sixteen Liang, that is, one catty (the ancient scale is sixteen Liang). How vivid and pious this worship is!

Horn, rake, soul bottle, Chiyou.

China's God is a huge system, but when you think about traveling and respecting Chiyou, it is unique. "A horn, earth-shattering! Immortals abdicate, immortals hide. "In the ceremony of thinking, the horn is a signal to invite saints to recruit soldiers and a symbol of the divine right of Dafa.

Before entering the Buddhist altar, Master Gong blew the horn first, in order to tell the disciples of heaven and earth to practice incense, and also to summon the escort soldiers and horses. During the ceremony, every time you say a spell, you must ring three times and honk your horn, which is intended to invite God to invite saints, mobilize the magic soldiers to camp and publicize the ceremony. After the ceremony is completed, it is officially announced that the ceremony is over, and all sacred military forces can go home and return to their original positions. Dozens of teachers who have been thinking about traveling say that the horn is the horn of the ancestor Chiyou, and he is the commander in chief. Blowing his immortal horn is to call on the military forces and mobilize the heavenly generals, so anyone who invites God, calms his nerves, offers rain sacrifices, celebrates his achievements, etc. all brag. This kind of belief symbol also gave birth to the formation of local color customs such as Niuwang Festival, Spring Festival dancing spring cattle, sending spring cattle and even worshipping cowherd, which is quite heavy!

What is even more commendable is that the roof of Siyuan Mansion, whether it is an old wooden house or a newly built brick house, is made of blue tiles on both sides. Everyone in the village said that Jiang Ziya sat in the middle, because there was no seat after deification, so he had to sit on the roof, which was the tallest among all. The two horns are gods of man and god, sitting side by side with Jiang Ziya. Because Chiyou was so brave, Jiang Ziya didn't care much about him, so he had to give up. There is a folk saying that "Jiang Ziya worships God, kills God to soothe his nerves", which shows the high status of God Chiyou. Only homesick families can bend corners on the roof, and the area under the boundary is very scarce.

Rakes are found in four friends' homes, one is to defend wild animals and bad people, and the other is to keep fit. The older generation handed down the Eight Rings and Nine Teeth Rake, and Chiyou danced the axe and raked it. The word "mountain" above and the small circle below mean "insect", and together they are "gnats". When you are playing, you make a "sneering" sound. There is a saying that your ancestor Chiyou is quietly connected with you. In ancient times, adult men had to take a rake when they went out. Now, every child will also play it, which is intended to commemorate Chiyou's ancestors, wandering the rivers and lakes, and breaking into the world ... So far, there is still the "broken rake ballad" that everyone can sing: "Follow General Chiyou, coming out of the mountain with great power, crossbows, daggers, copper heads, rain, snow, wind and frost, and iron. Hand in hand with the world, step on the plate and set Kun, step on the uneven road in the world, and kill people who have no way. " In the first month of every year, it has become a local custom to think about tourists and residents playing with rakes. Even more legendary is that adults and children are shocked. Just bow three times to the rake and make sure everything is forgiven. This is very effective.

"God is not only non-human, but also non-religious people do not worship". The Soul Bottle was originally a funerary object for Miao Yao, whose ancestor was Chiyou. Only when the priests who guide the undead become the image of the ancestor God Chiyou can they gain their recognition and successfully complete the responsibility of leading. When thinking about traveling, the teacher should wear a fish belly towel, one side is green and the other side is red, which symbolizes the green blush of Chiyou. Or insert three stacks of paper money in the temples and the back of the head to reflect the characteristics of "temples are like swords and halberds, and the head has horns"; Or simply wear a gluttonous half-breed hat that has been passed down to Chiyou; All these are related to the original intention of Nuo, an indigenous priest in Song and Yuan Dynasties, to wear a "human-god" false head on the soul bottle.

More than 20 kinds of soul bottles have been unearthed in Anhua cultural relics archaeology, but so far, four friends have not unearthed soul bottles in Song and Yuan Dynasties, and only a few barns have been excavated one after another (all relics exist). According to the old Taoist priest, the theory of soul bottle was handed down from the previous generation. The headdresses of the figurines in the bottle are various, some are tied on them, some are wearing official hats, some are wearing herringbone robes, some are wearing fish belly towels, and there are many things like horns, snakes, dogs and birds, which are a combination of "funerary objects" and are mostly funerary objects of Taoist priests. Because Chiyou's ancestral home is homesick, Shaqi is not allowed to appear, so the "soul bottle" hides the bottom of the world and it is difficult to see the light of day again. In homesick folks, adults like to give their children an "amulet", sew them into small bags with flowers and herbs, hang them around their necks or hide them in underwear pockets, hoping that they will grow up safely and healthily. This amulet is very important and must be carried with you. If you lose it, you lose your soul and abandon your spirit. You have to ask the bodhisattva to give you another one. This is also like the phenomenon that folk beliefs make cowherd a god, which is hard to see in other places.

We are still thinking about the complex activities of Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism and witchcraft, and we have an amazing discovery, that is, no matter what school or faction we come from, we can't do without worshipping Chiyou as the ancestor and supreme god. They all have the "God Curse of Chiyou" and various "conversion ceremonies", but all the missionaries and school teachers are attached to Chiyou and respect Chiyou as their ancestors. Hu Haojun, a Buddhist disciple whose ancestral home is homesick, was preserved; The "heart-to-heart redemption ceremony" is quite representative: "I am invited to the ancestor Emperor Chiyou, a general who shook the ground, wearing golden armor, shining on the sun and the moon, and holding an axe to reflect Gan Kun. Pray for sunny weather, rainy time, round light to understand things, all three demons surrender, and all ten evil ways convert. Soldiers obey orders and will accompany them. Millions of former defenders have made great achievements in many battles, which have been told by the God of War since ancient times. I am looking forward to coming today, and I will give you great support. " At present, in the religious integration of China and even the world, it is rare to assimilate gods and share the same ancestry, which has attracted the attention of theologians.

Legends, customs, proverbs, the spirit of Chiyou passed down from generation to generation.

There are many beautiful legends about Siyuan, such as "Chiyou came out of the mountain", "Hidden treasure in the clouds" and "Appeared on the mountain of Chiyou", all of which are household names. The rich resources of Chiyou have laid a solid foundation for Chiyou culture. Every place name has a history and a myth, which is very interesting. There are Chiyou in mountains, rivers, caves, borders, villages and families. With the excavation of caves in Xiao Yun, the richness of folk cultural relics will be more and more extensive.

Chiyou's unique folk custom has continuously enriched the profound heritage of Chiyou culture. It is a magnificent picture of customs and people's feelings, which embodies the warm and pious admiration and consciousness of the homesick children and endows Chiyou with magical spirituality and supernatural power. The first is to show customs and rituals and pray for prosperity at home. Such as offering sacrifices to Chiyou, ancestors, gods and rivers, are all for the purpose of pinning the soul and contain a strong desire to protect and reproduce future generations. The second is to express labor, leisure and yearning for life. Sending huts, mountains and hunting is magnificent; Blow horns, wear amulets, cast spells, tie fur labels, draw snow mountains and water, etc. In addition to commemorating the significance of Chiyou, there is also the virtue of eliminating disasters and helping others. The third is to express the pursuit of happiness through festivals, love and sustenance. Such as Ox King Festival, Bamboo Drunk Festival and Pan Hu Festival. All show happy holidays, pursue sweet love and always look at happiness. ...

These folk customs have influenced and benefited people with extensive practical value and profound humanistic value, and penetrated into all aspects of the personality quality and spiritual pursuit of homesick people: they are not afraid of violence, upright and upright, and are regarded as symbols of perseverance and enterprising personality; The charm of simplicity, honesty and kindness is known as the spirit of indifference to fame and fortune and selfless dedication. There are also many proverbs, ballads, ballads and proverbs with humanistic spirit and innovative value orientation, such as: "Life is a great man, and death is also a great grandson", "There is a God Chi-you at home, and every household has ten buckets of gold", and even the mantra of men, women and children is "Chi-you bless you"; No matter what the other person says or does wrong, the answer is "harmony", which means "it doesn't matter, as long as you are happy" and so on. Together with poems and songs, they condense into the spiritual pursuit of being down-to-earth, advancing despite difficulties and being brave in pioneering and innovating, which is not only the concentrated embodiment of Chiyou spirit, but also the portrayal of homesickness and humanistic spirit, and the sublimation of Chinese national spirit in the new century.

The famous writer Shui Yunxian wrote an inscription for Dahe Village after attending Siyuan Literature Pen Meeting: Rivers in the world! I believe that in the near future, Temple Right will surely become a Feng Shui resort for Chiyou's descendants to seek roots and worship their ancestors, travel and have fun.