What is a keel?

Alias Land Rover Lishi, Naga Bone, Raw Keel, Forged Keel, Five-flower Keel, Blue-and-white Keel, Flower Keel and White Keel. The English name of Zhuyin Gulong is DRGONSBONES, FOSSILIZID, and the Latin name of DRGONSBONES is osdragonis(foliaossismastordi). The efficacy classification of the primary mineral FOSSIAOSIASSIMASTODI, the study of calming the nerves in important towns, comes from 1. 2. "Wupu Materia Medica": keel, blue and white in color. 3. The theory of tripterygium wilfordii can storage: keel, born in Shaanxi and Taiyuan, Cangzhou, female, with thick and narrow bones and five colors, white is black, yellow is slightly better, and unclean land is not necessary. 4. "Belu": keel, born in the mountain west Sichuan valley and the earth cave beside Taishan rock. All the time. 5. Tao Hongjing: The keel is found in Liangzhou, Yizhou and Bazhong today. If you want to get the spine and shin, you can make a white brocade, lick your tongue well, your teeth are weak, your teeth are still good, and your horns are solid. 6. "Materia Medica": The combination of keel and tooth angle is common in Hedong County today. 7. Materia Medica: I have tasted the valleys of Shanxi and Shushan. In order to visit the place where the keel is produced, the rocks are steep, the streams are steep, and Lei Lei is like Long Lin, hidden as a pawn, digging everywhere, all of which are keels. There are so many dragon bones, but they are all piled up in the water margin. There needs to be a relationship between rock swallow and stone crab, steam molding and fossilization, not dragon ears. Medicinal materials are derived from the bones of ancient mammals such as elephants, rhinoceroses and three-toed horses. Distribution of drug sources: distribution of animal and plant resources: Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Yunnan, etc. Medicinal materials are produced in Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Qinghai and other places. Animal and plant ecological environment: living in a warm environment. It is mainly produced in tertiary sedimentary rocks (argillaceous rocks and siltstones) and quaternary sediments. After crustal activity, it is mixed with sediment to form fossils or rock formations. Remove soil and impurities after harvesting, storage and excavation. The five-flower keel is brittle and easily broken when exposed to air, so it is often pasted with tassel paper. This product is the skeleton fossil of ancient mammals such as elephant, rhinoceros and three-toed horse. Various expositions 1. Notes on Treatise on Febrile Diseases: keel, oyster, lead making, restraint and vigilance. 2. "Outline": Bushen Zhenjing, malaria, dampness, rectocele, granulation and sore healing. The astringent taste can be removed, so the Yunlong bone of Cheng can converge and float above the vital qi, consolidate the large intestine meridian and relieve convulsion. And the main pulse is disease. 3. The Classic of Materia Medica: The keel tastes astringent and the main body converges. All the symptoms such as diarrhea, intestinal obstruction, female leakage, collapse and drowning are caused by blood heat accumulation, so it is advisable to use the method of relieving diarrhea rather than astringent, for fear of blood stasis. Only those who collapse after a long illness are not taboo. 4. "Materia Medica": The keel can cure diseases of yin and yang. For example, yin can't keep its yang, or it is fright, epilepsy, delirium, spontaneous sweating and night sweats. For example, Yang Can can't consolidate its yin, or it can drain water for a long time, which can be used for stranguria, defecation, grinding teeth, drowning blood, hematochezia, leucorrhea for women and proctoptosis. Or yin is not yang, and yang is not yin-solid, because of dreaminess, ejaculation, stroke and all kinds of hardships. For example, such people are so salty that they take this as a closed child and treat it with a medicine that should be certified. 5. "Ben Feng Jingyuan": astringency can be removed, the keel enters the liver to gather the soul, and the floating qi converges. Treat cough, clear purulent blood, and clear up upper and lower qi and blood. Although its nature is astringent, it can enter the liver to break the knot. Obstruction and stagnation are all due to blood stasis in the liver meridian; Children's febrile epilepsy is also a disease of liver meridian, with the help of bezoar, the function of eliminating evil and cutting liver is particularly prominent. Its nature adopts the yin in the yang to treat the meridian of foot Jue yin, and at the same time, it starts from the deficiency of yin in the foot to treat dreaminess, insomnia, ejaculation, epistaxis, hematemesis, miscarriage, intestinal wind, tonifying the kidney and calming the heart, which is a medicine for convergence of essence. If there are foreign pathogens, they can be used externally or medicinally. Also, the main pulse is a disease, so if the abdomen is full and the waist is soluble in water, anti-astringent drugs should be used. It is used for stopping yin malaria, eliminating dampness, treating dysentery, proctoptosis due to chronic dysentery, promoting granulation and healing sores. But if the convergence is too great, people who have collapsed for a long time should not make mistakes; Misuse of excessive internal heat and loss of sperm often leads to red and astringent pain, and the more refined it is, the less it can be collected. 6. "hundred kinds of records of materia medica": the keel is the most sticky and can converge the righteousness. All the symptoms of mental dissipation and gastrointestinal slippage can be treated. Moreover, it converges healthy qi without converging pathogenic factors, so Zhongjing is also used for those with unfinished typhoid fever. 7. "Materia Medica Seeking Truth": The keel has the same function as the oyster, but the oyster is salty and astringent into the kidney, which has the functions of softening and resolving phlegm and clearing heat. This is sweet and astringent into the liver, and it has the wonderful effect of astringent essence to relieve anxiety, as Xu Zhicai called astringent essence. White brocade, sticky tongue is better. 8. "Materia Medica Reading": Epilepsy and convulsion are all due to the liver qi going up, and phlegm and turbidity return to the heart. Keel can soothe the nerves and resolve phlegm, so it is the holy medicine for epilepsy and convulsion. Phlegm wet fire, keel can ignite fire, lead flooded water back to the house. If used with oysters, it is a wonderful product for treating phlegm. Today, people know how shallow it is to stop it. 9. "Medical fever and Western learning": Keels are the most sticky and have the power of sinking, so they can converge their vitality, calm their spirits and be firm and slippery. Any palpitation, sweating, hematemesis, defecation bleeding, nocturnal emission, loose stool, dysuria and female metrorrhagia can be treated. Its nature is especially good at benefiting phlegm, which can cure phlegm in the lungs, cough and cough. Its taste is slightly spicy, and it still has the power to open in convergence. Therefore, this classic says that it can treat diarrhea and purulent blood, but it can also treat abdominal pain. Xu's argument is extremely subtle. The so-called healthy qi does not converge evil, and it can also be used in the case of inexhaustible exogenous factors. For example, Zhongjing's Chaihu plus Gulong oyster soup, Guizhi Gancao Gulong oyster soup, the prescription is also stupid, more stupid than typhoid fever, lack of heat pulse, palpitation, mental annoyance, constant keel with Cornus officinalis and gypsum. The keel can not only enter the qi sea to strengthen its vitality, but also enter the liver meridian to prevent it from dissipating its vitality, and can also enter the liver to shrink the liver wood. It is stupid for the syndrome of sudden stroke and limb failure. If the pulse is hard, it is known that liver fire and liver wind move internally, so keel and oyster are always added to the medicine to make it contract until the pulse becomes soft and the disease heals itself. Stupid use of keel is all the raw materials, but only cure a woman's blood collapse, or leak delivery. When it is extremely dangerous, those who constantly use forging will take advantage of its convergence to obtain temporary benefits. 10. Classic: Treating cough, diarrhea, purulent blood, female leakage, abdominal mass, febrile convulsion and epilepsy in children. 1 1. "Bielu": Treating boredom in the heart, weakness of limbs, sweating, self-alarm and anger at night, suffocating the heart, carbuncle in the intestine, yin erosion, stopping sweating, shrinking urine, nourishing the mind, calming the soul and calming the five internal organs. The best bone therapy for nocturnal emission and enuresis. 12. medicinal property theory: dispel evil spirits, rest at ease, stop cold dysentery and purulent blood, women have leucorrhea when they collapse, stop dreams and discharge sperm, have sex in dreams, treat hematuria, and dream more because of deficiency. 13. Japanese herbal medicine: invigorating the spleen and astringing the stomach, relieving diarrhea and thirst, leaking pregnancy, bleeding due to intestinal wind, prostration and leukorrhagia, vomiting blood due to nasal congestion and stopping sweating. 14. pearl capsule: fix the large intestine and remove it.

Paleontology Wuhua keel

Wuhua keel is an irregular block with a length and width of 7- 10 cm and a thickness of about 3cm. The face teeth are white, with blue-gray and reddish-brown patterns on them, with different depths and thicknesses, slightly like marble stripes. Slightly shiny with occasional small cracks. Hard, easy to peel off layer by layer, kinky and fragile, and strong hygroscopicity. It can be absorbed on the tongue when licked with the tongue. Odorless and tasteless. Generally, the shape of keel is irregular. Length 10- 17cm, width 7- 10cm. The surface is grayish white or yellowish white, mostly smooth, with some longitudinal cracks or brown stripes and spots. Hard as stone, uneven cross section, white color, some hollow, delicate as powder. The joints are swollen and there are several honeycomb holes in the section. The hygroscopicity is also very strong. Odorless and tasteless. [Habitat Distribution] Sichuan, Shanxi, Shandong, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu and Qinghai. [Excavation] After digging, remove the soil. [Chemical composition] Mainly contains calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and calcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2). [Sex and taste function] Sweet, astringent and flat. Astringe qi to dry dampness, stop night sweats, soothe the nerves, astringe essence and stop bleeding. Indications: Night sweats, wet dream, nocturnal emission, blood under intestinal wind, diarrhea, epistaxis and metrorrhagia. External use can heal wounds. Decoction or pill powder. Grind and apply externally to the affected area. [Dosage] 20-30g；; Appropriate quantity for internal use.

Edit the medical function of this paragraph.

The chemical composition mainly contains calcium hydroxyphosphate Ga5(PO4)3(OH) (hydroxyapatite); It also contains a small amount of calcium carbonate, iron, aluminum, magnesium, manganese, strontium and other elements. Research progress of chemical constituents: slight physical and chemical identification (1) This product is insoluble in water, soluble in dilute nitric acid and produces bubbles, and has the identification reaction of calcium salt and phosphate. See gypsum for calcium salt identification reaction. Phosphate identification reaction: take this product solution, add ammonium molybdate test solution and dilute nitric acid, and heat it to produce yellow precipitate; Separation and precipitation are soluble in ammonia solution. Adding ammonia solution can reverse the reaction and make it dissolve. (2) X-ray diffraction identification: The characteristic diffraction peaks of hydroxyapatite and calcite should be displayed on the X-ray diffraction diagram of the sample. Brief introduction of pharmacological action of content determination. Note 1. At present, the "keel" in the market is kaolin in the ore, which is embedded in the stone in a knee-shaped block or bone shape. Due to the infiltration of iron oxide and manganese oxide, there is no bone structure. 2. Dragon teeth: tooth fossils of ancient mammals such as rhinoceros and three-toed horse. They are conical or cylindrical, some are curved and shaped like teeth.

Edit this paragraph of modern research.

Main ingredients:

Mainly calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, as well as iron, potassium, sodium, chlorine, sulfate and so on. Pharmacological action: 1. Sedative hypnosis and anticonvulsant experiments show that 20% keel suspension 20ml/kg can significantly improve the hypnotic rate of pentobarbital sodium; 2. Other actions 20% keel suspension 20ml/kg can shorten the clotting time of normal mice.

Clinical report:

1. For diabetes insipidus, raw Os Draconis, raw Oysters, Fructus Lycii, Semen Cuscutae cake, Cortex Phellodendri, Fructus Amomi, Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata, 15g, Radix Glehniae, 12g. , fried in water. General 10 ~ 20 doses were all cured, 1 later. (1 1): 19] 2. Treat the scalded keel, gypsum, rhubarb and catechu in equal parts, grind them into fine powder, make them into a thin paste with herbal tea, apply them to the affected area, cover them with gauze (the face is not covered), and change the medicine every other day 1 time. (4): 2 12] 3. Treatment of suppurative diseases: 20 grams of borneol, keel and angelica, 20 grams of cinnabar, 40 grams of calcined gypsum, 200 grams of calcined calamine, ground into fine powder, coated on the wound, fixed with adhesive tape, changed 1 time for 2-3 days, and treated. ( 10): 47〗

Edit paragraph 2. Building keel

Keel is a kind of building material, which is used to support the shape and fix the structure. Widely used in hotels and terminal buildings. Passenger stations, railway stations, theaters, shopping malls, factories, office buildings, old building renovation, interior decoration settings, ceilings and other places. Keel is the skeleton and base material of decoration, which is very common.

Keel classification

There are many kinds of keels, which can be divided into wooden keels, light steel keels, aluminum alloy keels and steel keels according to different materials. According to the use position, it can be divided into ceiling keel, vertical wall keel, floor keel and hanging keel. According to the different decoration construction technology, there are load-bearing keels and non-load-bearing keels (i.e. main keels and main keels). According to their models, specifications and uses, there are T-shaped, C-shaped and U-shaped keels. There are many kinds of materials commonly used for wooden keel decoration, which are used to prop up the external decorative board and play a supporting role. Dragon bone cart is a kind of wooden waterwheel. The wooden boards used to hold water are connected with wooden tenons or circled to scoop water, which is mostly rotated by human or animal power. Light steel keel Light steel keel is a very popular decoration material in recent years. Can be used as ceiling and partition wall, with strong fire resistance. All kinds of beautiful modeling shipbuilding inventions can be made with light steel keel-keel structure The keel structure of ancient ships in China is an important invention in shipbuilding industry, which has had a far-reaching impact on the development of ship structures in the world. In the Song Dynasty, the deck of the sharp-bottomed seagoing ship was flat, the side of the ship was cut like a blade, and the cross section of the ship was V-shaped. Under the sharp-bottomed ship, the keel running through the fore and aft is set to support the hull, which makes the ship stronger and has strong wind and wave resistance. European ships began to adopt this keel structure at the beginning of19th century, hundreds of years later than China. Keel keel is a longitudinal member connecting the stern column and the stern column in the center of the hull base. It mainly bears the longitudinal bending moment of the hull. When making a ship model, you should choose rectangular pine strips with straight wood grain and no knots. Side keels are longitudinal members on both sides of the keels. Bear part of the longitudinal bending moment and improve the strength of the hull to bear external forces. The side keel of a ship is usually made of pine strips with rectangular cross section. Rib ribs are transverse members in the hull. It bears the lateral water pressure and maintains the geometric shape of the hull. The ribs of ship models are usually made of plywood. Dragon ribs are longitudinal members on both sides of the hull. Together with the ribs, a net structure is formed to fix the side plates of the ship and increase the structural strength of the hull. The keel of a ship model is usually made of rectangular pine strips. Hull plate Hull plate includes side plates and bottom plates. The geometric shape of the hull is determined by the shape of the hull plate. Various external forces, such as longitudinal bending force, water pressure and wave impact force, first act on the hull plate. The hull plate of a ship model can be spliced and bonded by pine strips and pine boards. Stern keel Some hulls are also equipped with stern keel, which is a longitudinal member installed at the joint between the ship's side and the bottom of the ship. It can reduce the swaying phenomenon of ships sailing in waves. The stern keel of the ship model can be made of copper or iron, with a thickness of 0.5 ~ 1 mm, and the bow column and stern column are installed at the head end and tail end of the hull respectively, and the lower part is connected with the keel. They can strengthen the hull to withstand wave impact and water pressure, as well as the longitudinal collision and vibration of the propeller when it works.

Benefits of keel laying on the floor

First, it is waterproof and moisture-proof, and it is in direct contact with the foundation, which is easy to rot; Second, the construction is convenient. If it is directly built on the foundation, the requirements for the foundation are quite strict, and the foundation must be quite flat, otherwise it is not convenient to install, and expansion screws need to be directly fixed on the foundation, which is not conducive to beauty; Third, the keel can be used to adjust the height difference; Fourth, because the board is lifted, it can make noise and feel comfortable when walking.

Installation method of keel

The requirements for purchasing materials and accessories are 1. Light steel skeleton is divided into U-shaped skeleton and T-shaped skeleton, and divided into people and people according to load. 2. The main components of light steel skeleton are large, medium and small keels; Accessories include hooks, connectors and hanging plug-ins. 3. Spare parts: suspenders, blue screws, nails and self-tapping screws. 4. According to the design instructions, various cover panels, aluminum battens or plastic battens can be selected, and their material varieties, specifications and quality should meet the design requirements. 5. Binder: It should be selected according to the performance of the main material, and a bonding test should be done before use. The main machines are chainsaws, toothless saws, nail guns, hand saws, hand planers, pliers, screwdrivers, movers, square rulers, steel rulers, molten steel levels and so on. Operating conditions: 1. During structural construction, joints should be left on the cast-in-place concrete floor or precast concrete floor, and φ6~φ 10 reinforced concrete suspenders should be embedded according to the design requirements. When there is no requirement in the design, the steel suspenders should be embedded according to the layout position of the big keel, and the general spacing is 900~ 1200mm. 2. When the wall column of the ceiling room is brick masonry, it should be embedded. 3. After installing various pipes and ventilation pipes in the ceiling, determine the positions of lights, vents and various exposed orifices. All kinds of materials are ready. 5. Before the ceiling cover panel is installed, the wet operation project of wall and ground shall be completed. 6. Set up the shelf of the operation platform for suspended ceiling construction. 7. Before large-scale construction, the light steel frame ceiling should be built into a model room, and the camber of the ceiling, the structural treatment of the lamp trough and vent, the block and the fixing method should be tested and recognized before large-scale construction. Operation technology: 1. Process flow: elastic thread → installation of large keel suspender → installation of large keel → installation of middle keel → installation of small keel → installation of cotton cover plate → installation of batten → painting with antirust paint. 2. Elastic line: According to the floor elevation line, measure vertically to the ceiling [shed design elevation with a ruler, and elastic the ceiling elevation along the wall and column. 3. Installation of large keel suspender: After the ceiling elevation horizontal line and keel position line are played, determine the elevation of the lower end of the suspender, and connect and fix the end of the suspender without bolts and threads with the rigid reinforcement embedded in the floor according to the position of the large keel and the hanging spacing. 4. Install the big keel ①. Install the boom nut. (2) Install the hanger on the big keel in advance. ③ Installation of large keel: assemble the large keel of the hanger, make the hanger pass through the required hanger nut according to the position of the step line, and tighten the nut. (4) Connection of the large keel: Install the connector, and adjust the elevation by pulling the wire to make it arch and straight. ⑤. Install a large keel at the mouth of the cave, and set the connection card according to the corresponding node structure of the atlas. 6. Fix the side keel with nails. When there is no requirement in the design, the nail spacing is1000 mm.. 5. Install the middle keel ①. According to the played middle keel ladder line, clamp the middle keel hanger. (2) Hanging the middle keel: according to the spacing of the middle keel specified in the design, hang the middle keel on the big keel through the hanger. When the design is not required, the general spacing is 500 ~ 600 mm (3). When the length of the middle keel needs to be extended by more than one, use the middle keel to connect the middle keel while hanging, and straighten and fix it. 6. Install the small keel: ①. According to the played small keel line, clamp the small keel and drop the pendant. (2) Hanging small keel: according to the small keel spacing specified in the design, hang the small keel on the middle keel through the hanger. When the design is not required, the general spacing is 500 ~ 600 mm (3). When the length of the small keel needs to be extended by more than one, connect the two ends with the small keel connector while hanging the small keel, and straighten it first and then fix it. (4). When T-shaped keels are used to form light steel skeleton, when installing cover panels, small keels shall be installed with a blocking small keel for each cover panel. 7. Installation of the cover panel: Under the assembled and qualified light rigid frame, according to the specifications of the cover panel, a row of cover panels are installed from the middle of the ceiling based on the direction of the middle keel, and then installed on both sides. The distance between self-tapping screws for fixing the cover plate is 200 ~ 300mm ... 8. Brush antirust paint: light steel framework covers the ceiling of the panel, and the surface (such as embedded parts, pendants, connectors, nail accessories, etc.). ) Without antirust treatment, the welding place shall be painted with antirust paint before completion. This process should be carried out before sealing the panel. The quality standard shall be implemented according to GB-502 10-200 1 clauses 6.2.7 to 6.3. 1 1. Finished product protection is 1. When installing light steel skeleton and cover panel, attention should be paid to protecting all kinds of pipelines in the ceiling. Derrick and keel of light steel skeleton are not allowed to be fixed on ventilation pipes and other equipment. 3. The doors and windows installed in the construction ceiling, the completed ground, wall and window sill should be protected to prevent fouling. 4. Installed light steel skeleton shall not be trampled by people here, and other types of work shall not be hung on the light steel skeleton. 5. In order to protect the finished product, the installation of the cover panel must be carried out after the acceptance of all processes such as pressure test and heat preservation of the pipeline in the shed. The quality problem that should be paid attention to is 1. Uneven ceiling: The reason is that the suspenders were not carefully leveled when the large keel was installed, resulting in inconsistent elevation of each suspender point. During construction, the rigor of each lifting point should be checked and connected, and whether the elevation and flatness meet the requirements of design and construction specifications should be checked. 2. The local joint structure of light steel skeleton is unreasonable: keels and connectors should be set according to the corresponding joint structure in the drawings at the left holes, lamp openings and vents, so that the structure meets the requirements of the drawings and design. 3. The light steel frame is not firmly hung: the light steel frame of the ceiling should be hung on the main structure, and the suspender nut should be tightened to control the fixed design elevation; Pipes and equipment parts in the ceiling shall not be hung on the light steel frame. 4. The gap of the cover panel is not straight: pay attention to the specifications of the panel during construction, align the stay wires, and ensure straightness when installing and fixing. 5. The layering and blank holder are not tight or straight: stay wires should be used during construction, and then they should be fixed and pasted after alignment.

Edit the third paragraph. Ship keel

definition

The keel is a longitudinal member connecting the bow and stern column, which is located in the center of the bottom of the hull. Located at the bottom of the ship, it is a longitudinal member connecting the bow and stern column, and is located in the center of the hull base. The keel is reinforced with transverse bars. At the bow and stern, the keel bypasses the trunk. Keels are usually the first part of hull construction.

function

The main function of ship keel is load-bearing, and it is the most important load-bearing structure of ships, especially small ships. It bears the longitudinal bending moment of the hull and ensures the structural strength of the ship. The second function of the keel is to enlarge the lateral area of the ship, improve the parallel impedance of the ship in the water, and prevent the crosswind from turning. This is especially important for sailing against the wind. The keel of a sailboat will be supported by diagonal braces in the middle or edge of the skeleton. In addition, the keel also plays an important role in stabilizing the weight of the ship and reducing the inclination or reversal of the ship.

Other related components

Side keels are longitudinal members on both sides of the keels. Bear part of the longitudinal bending moment and improve the strength of the hull to bear external forces. The side keel of a ship is usually made of pine strips with rectangular cross section. Rib ribs are transverse members in the hull. It bears the lateral water pressure and maintains the geometric shape of the hull. The ribs of ship models are usually made of plywood. Dragon ribs are longitudinal members on both sides of the hull. Together with the ribs, a net structure is formed to fix the side plates of the ship and increase the structural strength of the hull. The keel of a ship model is usually made of rectangular pine strips. Hull plate Hull plate includes side plates and bottom plates. The geometric shape of the hull is determined by the shape of the hull plate. Various external forces, such as longitudinal bending force, water pressure and wave impact force, first act on the hull plate. The hull plate of a ship model can be spliced and bonded by pine strips and pine boards. Stern keel Some hulls are also equipped with stern keel, which is a longitudinal member installed at the joint between the ship's side and the bottom of the ship. It can reduce the swaying phenomenon of ships sailing in waves. The stern keel of the ship model can be made of copper or iron, with a thickness of 0.5 ~ 1 mm, and the bow column and stern column are installed at the head end and tail end of the hull respectively, and the lower part is connected with the keel. They can strengthen the hull to withstand wave impact and water pressure, as well as the longitudinal collision and vibration of the propeller when it works.