Who are the three emperors and five emperors respectively?

In different ancient books, "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" appeared different versions of the list of characters, namely:

I. Huang San

Fuxi, Shennong and Huangdi; From the pre-Qin ancient book Shiben

Fuxi, Nuwa, Shennong; From Chunqiu Shu and Lv Chunqiu

Emperor, Emperor, Tai Huang; Historical records from Qin Shihuang

Emperor, Emperor, Ren Huang; Excerpted from "Supplement to Historical Records of Huang San"

Suirenshi, Fuxi, Shennong; From The Great Biography of Shangshu

Fuxi, Nuwa, Shennong; Excerpted from "Customs Yi Tong Ba Huang Chapter"

Fuxi, Shennong, Zhu Rong; From White Tiger Hall

Fuxi, Shennong and Gonggong; From A Mirror

Second, the five emperors

Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Yao and Shun; From "The Dressing Ceremony"

Sacrifice, Shennong, Huangdi, Yao and Shun; From the warring States policy

Tai Hao, Yan Di, Huangdi, Shao Hao, Zhuan Xu; From Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals

Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Yao; From Zi Tongzhi Jianwai Collection

Iii. Significance and historical period

Huang San 1

Together, they are the three outstanding tribal leaders in ancient legends of China, and later generations are honored as emperors. In the pre-Qin period, Huang San's attribute of God was higher than that of man, and Huang San had the nature of God, and later generations were more recorded as the ancestors of human beings. The era of the Three Emperors generally refers to 6727 ~ 3077 BC.

2. five emperors

Originally referring to the Five Gods, it evolved into five tribal leaders in ancient legends of China. Generally from 3076 BC to 2029 BC. According to the time calculated by the historical dating project, the era of the Five Emperors began in 3076 BC with Emperor Yan of Shennong (the year of Yi Shi in Iraq) and ended in 2029 BC when Dayu replaced Shang Jun, which lasted for 23 emperors and lasted for 1047.

Extended data:

According to the new achievements of archaeology, ethnology and anthropology, combined with literature, this paper defines the era of Three Emperors and Five Emperors in detail, and holds that the era of Three Emperors is the Neolithic Age, and all legendary figures before Shennong can be regarded as clan representatives of this era.

That was a long time ago. There were few written materials handed down at that time, mainly legends, so there were many ambiguities in this history for later people. Due to the entanglement of the existing materials of Dachuan myths and legends in this historical period, it is difficult to judge the authenticity of many things. The comprehensive historical materials are roughly as follows:

The era of the Three Emperors is the embryonic development period of Chinese civilization. According to historical records, the Dragon Three Emperors era was a period of transition from matriarchal clan society to paternal clan society, and the early Nuwa was often listed as one of Huang San. By the time of the Five Emperors, it was already a patriarchal society, but women still had a high social status, and Lei Zu and other female figures also made great contributions to the development of civilization.

"Emperor" originally referred to the Five Gods, and it was only after the Warring States Period (some people say it was the Han Dynasty) that it was replaced by the name of a historical figure in the world. The word "five emperors" in the world did not appear in Mencius' time, and his book only mentioned "three kings and five tyrants". The word "five emperors" in Xunzi precedes the word "three kings", but no one named it. Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Yao and Shun are among the virtues of the Five Emperors.

According to their praise in Mandarin Lu Yu. The imperial clan fabricated a lineage with the Yellow Emperor as its ancestor. Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals and Records of Five Emperors inherited this theory.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-three emperors and five emperors