Blackboard writing materials for Dragon Boat Festival

1. Dragon Boat Festival blackboard writing material: the origin of Dragon Boat Festival

It is said that the custom of eating zongzi and racing dragon boats on the Dragon Boat Festival is to commemorate Qu Yuan, a great poet in China's history. It is precisely because of this that the Dragon Boat Festival was named "Poet's Day" after liberation.

Qu Ping (about 339 BC ~ about 278 BC) was originally named Qu Yuan, but he was also named Regular Cloud. He was a Han nationality, a native of Danyang (now Zigui, Hubei) at the end of the Warring States Period, and a descendant of Qu Xian, the son of Chu Wuwang Xiong Tong. Although Qu Yuan was loyal to Chu Huaiwang, he was repeatedly rejected. After Chu Huaiwang's death, he was exiled because Xiang Wang listened to slanderers, and finally died in Miluo River.

Qu Yuan is one of the greatest romantic poets in China, the earliest known famous poet and world cultural celebrity in China. He initiated the style of "Chu Ci" and the tradition of "vanilla beauty". His representative works include Li Sao and Nine Songs.

In the China calendar, the saying that the Dragon Boat Festival is to commemorate Qu Yuan has a history of more than 65,438+0,500 years. According to legend, after Qu Yuan threw himself into the Miluo River, the local people immediately rowed for rescue and went all the way to Dongting Lake, but Qu Yuan's body was never seen. It was raining at that time, and the boats on the lake gathered at the pavilion on the shore. When people learned that this was to salvage the sage Dr. Qu, they went out in the rain and rushed into the vast Dongting Lake. In order to express condolences, people rowed boats on the river, and later it gradually developed into a dragon boat race. People were afraid that fish in the river would eat his body, so they brought rice balls home and threw them into the river to prevent fish and shrimp from damaging Qu Yuan's body. Later, eating zongzi became a custom.

Of course, the Dragon Boat Festival is indispensable for the protagonist Zongzi. Eating zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival is another traditional custom of China people. Zongzi should be regarded as the traditional food with the deepest cultural accumulation in China so far.

According to records, as early as the Spring and Autumn Period, millet was wrapped into horns by leaves of zinia latifolia, which was called "horny millet" at that time. Rice packed in bamboo tubes is sealed and baked, which is called "tube zongzi". In Jin Dynasty, Zongzi was officially designated as Dragon Boat Festival food. At this time, in addition to glutinous rice, Alpinia oxyphylla was also added as the raw material for jiaozi, and the cooked jiaozi was called "Yizhi jiaozi". Rice is mixed with animal meat, chestnuts, red dates, red beans and so on. And there are more and more kinds. Zongzi is also used as a gift for communication.

In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the rice used for zongzi was "white as jade", and its shape appeared conical and rhombic. There is a record of "Da Tang Zongzi" in Japanese literature. In the Song Dynasty, there were already "sugar dumplings", that is, fruits entered jiaozi. The poet Su Dongpo has a poem "See Yangmei in Zongzi".

To this day, every year on the Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of May, every household in China has to soak glutinous rice, wash zongzi leaves and make zongzi, and there are more kinds of colors of zongzi. Judging from the stuffing, there are many bags of Beijing jujube brown in the north; In the south, there are many kinds of fillings such as bean paste, fresh meat, eight treasures, ham, egg yolk and so on. The custom of eating zongzi has been popular in China for thousands of years and spread to South Korea, Japan and Southeast Asian countries.

2. Dragon Boat Festival blackboard writing materials: the customs of the Dragon Boat Festival

First, prepare five-color silk thread for children.

The ancients thought that May was an evil month, an epidemic month and a poisonous month. They believe that in May, five kinds of poisonous insects, including snakes, scorpions, centipedes, geckos and toads, became active, monsters were rampant, diseases and epidemics spread, and poisonous gas was everywhere. Usually wear five-color silk thread to ward off evil spirits during the Dragon Boat Festival. In ancient China, five colors were worshipped, which were auspicious colors. Therefore, in the early morning of the festival, the first important thing for adults after getting up is to tie five-color lines around their wrists, ankles and necks. Children are not allowed to talk when tying the thread. The five-color line should not be broken or discarded at will, and can only be thrown into the river in summer when it rains heavily or takes a shower for the first time. It is said that children wearing five-color lines can avoid snakes and scorpions and throw them into the river, which means that the river will wash away plagues and diseases, so that children can be safe and healthy.

Second, the dragon boat race.

Dragon boat race is the custom of Dragon Boat Festival, and it is also one of the most important folk activities of Han nationality. It is very common in southern China, and there are also dragon boat races in cities near rivers and lakes in the north, and most of them are held in the form of dragon boat rowing and dragon boat jumping. There are many opinions about the origin of dragon boat race, such as offering sacrifices to Cao E, Qu Yuan, water god or dragon god, which can be traced back to the end of primitive society. Dragon boat race was first introduced to neighboring countries such as Japan, Vietnam and Britain, and it was the official event of Guangzhou Asian Games in 20 10.

Third, eat zongzi.

Zongzi, also known as "horn millet" and "tube zongzi", is one of the traditional festival foods of the Chinese nation, which is wrapped in glutinous rice and steamed. Zongzi appeared as early as the Spring and Autumn Period, and was originally used to worship ancestors and gods. In the Jin dynasty, zongzi became the food of the Dragon Boat Festival. According to folklore, zongzi is eaten in memory of Qu Yuan. Zongzi, as one of the traditional foods with the deepest historical and cultural accumulation in China, has been passed down to this day. Japan, Vietnam, Singapore, Malaysia, Myanmar and other places where Chinese people live together also have the custom of eating zongzi.

Fourth, hang calamus leaves.

Hanging mugwort leaves and calamus is a folk festival custom of Han nationality. On the Dragon Boat Festival, mugwort leaves are hung in the hall, cut into the shape of a tiger or cut into a ribbon of a tiger, and pasted with mugwort leaves. Women compete to wear them to drive away evil spirits. Using calamus as a sword and inserting it on the couch has the magical effect of exorcising ghosts. On the Dragon Boat Festival, every household uses calamus, mugwort leaves, pomegranate flowers, garlic and dragon boat flowers to make human figures, which are called "lovers" and "Ai Hu". They make garlands and decorations. They are beautiful and fragrant, and women compete to wear them to ward off evil. There is a folk proverb that says, "Willows are inserted in Qingming Festival, and Ai is inserted in Dragon Boat Festival". During the Dragon Boat Festival, people put wormwood and calamus as one of the important contents. Every family sweeps the courtyard, puts calamus and moxa sticks between their eyebrows and hangs them in class.

5. Drink Pu wine, realgar wine and cinnabar wine.

Drink Pu wine, realgar, cinnabar wine and spray wine. Jingchu Chronicle: "Acorus calamus (a perennial herb, born by the water, has reddish roots underground and leaves shaped like swords and spikes." . Rhizomes can be used as spices or medicines) or carved or chopped to cool wine. "Pu wine is fragrant and refreshing. Later, realgar and cinnabar were added to the wine. Xie Ming Zhao Zhe's Five Miscellaneous Drunks: "Drinking calamus wine is also ... drinking with realgar. Feng Ming Yingjing's "Generalized Moon Order": "On the fifth day, use cinnabar wine to ward off evil spirits and detoxify, and use wine to dye forehead, chest, hands and feet, so there is no danger of snakes (poisonous snakes mentioned in ancient books)." Sprinkle water on walls, doors and windows to avoid poisonous insects. "This custom is widely circulated. It was on the Dragon Boat Festival that the white snake drank realgar wine and showed its true colors.

In fact, apart from the above, there are many customs in the Dragon Boat Festival, such as making cakes, dancing Zhong Kui and wearing sachets. Dragon Boat Festival should be a traditional festival with the most customs besides Spring Festival.

3. Dragon Boat Festival blackboard writing materials: the development history of the Dragon Boat Festival

pre-Qin period

In the pre-Qin period, Zhu Xuanxian's traditional Chinese painting Duanyang Festival had different customs in the north and the south, but as a "festival", May 5th had its own emphasis.

During the Warring States period, people regarded May 5th as an "evil month" and an "evil day". "Dai Li" says: "Leave orchids to bathe on May 5th."

Qin dynasty

After the Qin Dynasty, due to the unification of the country and the economic and cultural exchanges between the North and the South, customs and habits also merged together, and the Dragon Boat Festival was formed on the basis of the integration of customs between the North and the South. However, according to the current literature, the custom of Dragon Boat Festival in Han Dynasty is mainly to ward off evil spirits.

Wei, Jin, southern and northern dynasties

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, people suffered frequent wars, so the most important custom of the Dragon Boat Festival was to "allocate troops". The shapes of the sun, the moon, the stars, birds and animals are dyed with five-color silk, and embroidered with embroidery and gold thread, which is called "ice ice", and it is also called "long life line" or "continuation line" after the Han Dynasty.

Sui and Tang Dynasties

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Dragon Boat Festival inherited the previous dynasties in customs and forms. However, in terms of nature, most of the festivals and custom activities with specific significance in the past have evolved into holiday entertainment activities. The "evil day" is no longer evil, but full of festive joy. In Tang Xuanzong's "Dragon Boat Festival Banquet", it was recorded that the palace was in full swing at noon and elegant courtiers were invited to hold a grand banquet. "The hall is quiet, the trees are deep and the wind is long."

The folk activities of the Dragon Boat Festival in the Tang Dynasty are similar to those of the previous generation. For example, "Youyang Miscellaneous Notes" records: "Northern women enter the five-hour map and five-hour flowers on the fifth day of the fifth day and put them in the account. It' s a long life, and it' s all brought by the portrait. " Longevity wisp, but the production is different, it is more decorative, and it forms a human form with silk wisp. Five-time paintings are five kinds of poisonous snakes, bats, toads, lizards, etc. They are the predecessors of the Five Poisons Painting, and this custom has always influenced the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The flowers in the afternoon are pomegranate flowers, and May is the time when pomegranate flowers are in full bloom. In the Tang dynasty, corn dumplings were also refurbished. "Wenchang Zalu" records: "On the fifth day of the Tang Dynasty, there were 100 dumplings and nine dumplings." There is a saying in Tang Xuanzong's poem "Three Banquets on the Dragon Boat Festival": "The acupoints are filled with gas fields, the filaments are delicious, the flowers in the four seasons compete skillfully, and the nine sons compete wonderfully." "Baisuo Zongzi" was also a food given to officials by the emperor of the Tang Dynasty.

The dragon boat race in Tang Dynasty is especially worth a visit. During the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, the economy was prosperous and people's lives were relatively stable. In terms of festival entertainment, on the one hand, it is on the rise, on the other hand, some folk customs and activities have also been supported by the government. So the wind of racing is particularly strong.

Song dynasty

After the Song Dynasty, many customs of the Dragon Boat Festival have changed. In the Han and Wei Dynasties, Zhu Suo and Tao Yin were applied to portal websites to prevent evil spirits from driving away plagues and evil spirits, while in the Song Dynasty, they paid attention to adhering to Shi Tian symbols. Chen's Chronicle of Years Old quoted the words in Miscellaneous Notes of Years Old: "During the Dragon Boat Festival, everyone painted statues to sell." There is also a Zhang Tianshi made of clay, with wormwood as the head and garlic as the fist, which is placed on the portal.

In Song Dynasty, the custom of Dragon Boat Festival of Han nationality was also absorbed by Liao and Jin countries. For example, The Book of Rites records that at the Mid-Autumn Festival in the Liao Dynasty, the emperor sat up in colorful wisps of long live. We should also give life to courtiers in the north and south. In addition to absorbing some Han customs, the Jin State also has the ritual of offering sacrifices to heaven, the custom of shooting willows, and the entertainment activities of high-fiving and bowing during the Dragon Boat Festival. "The History of Jin Sejong Biography" records that in the third year of Dading (A.D. 1264), Jin Shizong "was lucky enough to shoot willows in Guangyuan Paradise, but the winner gave poor things, so he returned to Changwu Temple for a banquet." It's natural to be old. This custom is described in detail in Jin Li Shi Zhi. In the gold custom, the ceremony of offering sacrifices to heaven was held on July 15th and 9th, and a platform was built to offer sacrifices to heaven. Sharpshooters should be sorted according to their generations after offering sacrifices to heaven five times. Play polo after shooting the willows.

4. The writing material of the Dragon Boat Festival blackboard newspaper: the May 5th custom of ethnic minorities.

Manchu Dragon Boat Festival

Manchu people celebrate the fifth day of May for happiness and disaster. According to legend, a long time ago, the Emperor of Heaven sent people to observe people's feelings on earth. On the fifth day of May, the angel of the Emperor of Heaven dressed up as an oil seller and shouted, "One gourd is two catties, and two gourds are three catties." Everyone rushed to buy it, but only one old man not only refused to buy it, but also told the old man that the account was miscalculated. When the oil was sold out, the man followed the old man who didn't buy oil and said, "You are a good man. The god of plague sent a plague tonight. You can plant mugwort leaves on the eaves to avoid the plague. " After hearing this, the old man told everyone from house to house that every family planted mugwort leaves, and the plague could not be reduced, and people were saved. On the fifth day of May, Manchu people pay attention to inserting mugwort leaves on the eaves to prevent diseases, and also pay attention to stepping on dew in the suburbs. It is said that washing your face with dew and wearing kimono on this day can avoid ulcers and eye diseases.

Shui nationality dragon boat festival

Shui people have the custom of being vegetarian. It is said that the distant ancestors of the Shui people moved from Jiangxi to Sandu area in Guizhou, where they cultivated land and started family businesses. One autumn, four sons of my distant ancestors came to visit. When the distant ancestor went upstairs to serve them meat, he accidentally fell down and died. Since then, from the first day of Duanjie, the aquarium is only allowed to be vegetarian and can only eat meat after Duanjie.

Naxi Dragon Boat Festival

Naxi people eat glutinous rice with sugar dates and drink realgar wine on the morning of the fifth day of the fifth lunar month every year. In front of the door are white poles, three kudzu roots and two ears of wheat. Elders should tie five-color cotton thread to children under the age of fifteen, which is called "life-sustaining thread". Boys around the left wrist, girls around the right wrist. Lifeline needs to be worn for one month, and it can't be removed and burned until the last day of Torch Festival on June 27th. During the festival, medicinal materials stalls were set up in the market to sell all kinds of precious medicinal materials. Women embroidered sachets, wallets, dolls, fan covers, pen covers and other handicrafts.

Dai Zongbao Festival

Dai folk festivals. Popular in parts of Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. The summer calendar is held on May 5th. During the festival, unmarried men and women dressed in costumes sing love songs in a circle under the trees at the edge of the village. Then, the young man threw jiaozi to the girl he liked. If the girl was interested, she picked them up, and they both went to a quiet place nearby and fell in love until sunset.

Tibetan flower picking festival

Tibetan traditional festivals. Popular in Apollo, where Gansu and Sichuan border. On the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, June 1st was full of joy and lasted for two days. Also called. Daughter's Day. A long time ago, the local area was deserted. It is a girl named Lian Zhi who teaches people how to farm and how to pick flowers to cure diseases. Later, Miss Lian Zhi slipped and died while picking flowers on the fifth day of May. In order to commemorate her, people gradually formed a flower picking festival. The main activities of the Flower Festival are grabbing water, picking flowers and praying. On the morning of the festival, people want to catch the spring water to wash their bodies and drink. It is said that bathing in the spring water that the sun does not shine on this day can get good luck, and drinking it can get rid of the disease. Then, young men and women dressed up and took delicious food to Arikan Mountain, 40 miles away, to pick flowers. At the time of departure, the men, women and children in the village sang songs to see them off, and the flower pickers expressed their determination and desire to pick flowers. When they came to Caihuaping, girls picked flowers, while boys cut firewood, supported pots and set up sheds. In the evening, he began to sing and dance until midnight. When she returned to the village the next day, the girl put flowers in her head, wore a wreath and carried a basket full of flowers and herbs. At the entrance of the village, the whole village gathered at the head of the village, firing guns, delivering wine and buns to congratulate the young flower pickers on their return. The flower girl gives presents (chopped green onion and thick cedar) to all the residents and wishes them good luck.

5. Dragon Boat Festival blackboard writing material: Dragon Boat Festival ancient poetry

Dragon Boat Festival

(Tang) Wenxiu

The festival is divided into Dragon Boat Festival and is said to be Qu Yuan.

I can laugh when the river is empty, but I can't wash it when it is straight.

Seven laws. Dragon Boat Festival

Yin (Tang)

Teenagers are more affectionate in festivals, but when they are old, they will feel sad;

It's useless, but it's good to pray for good wine.

Add white hair to your temples, and pomegranate blooms every year;

Thousands of years of sages and fools are instantaneous, and a few people are lost in a few names.

Competition songs (excerpts)

(Tang) Zhang Jianfeng

On May 5, the sun was shining, and Huayang sang Xiaoying by the river.

Before the monarch left the county seat, he heard the harmony on the river long ago;

When the monarch came out, he was accurate and the horse was led by the red flag;

The clothes on both sides of the strait smell fragrant, and the silver hairpin shines on the frost blade;

The drums sounded three times and the red flag opened, and two dragons jumped out of the water;

Shadows and waves fly to Wan Jian, and drums and waves sound like thunder;

The drums are getting closer and closer, and the eyes of the two dragons are like an instant;

The people on the slope were shocked by the thunder, and the rainbow on the telephone pole fainted;

The front boat won the bid, and the rear boat lost momentum.

Define the door. Dragon Boat Festival

(Qing) Li Jingshan

Cherry mulberry and calamus, and buy a pot of realgar wine

There is yellow paper hanging outside the door, but I suspect that the account owner is afraid of charm.

Seven laws. Dragon Boat Festival

Lao She

The Dragon Boat Festival is full of storms, and the children in the village are still wearing old clothes.

Invite a hat, dare to love the thatched cottage for the mud;

There are flesh-and-blood guests who have no money to buy wine for sale;

At that time, the fish was three feet, not as delicious as the beans today.