How to change the lunar calendar from the lunar calendar?

Dear friends, the conversion between the lunar calendar (also known as the old calendar, ancient calendar, etc.). Moreover, the solar calendar has not found a universal conversion formula because it is very troublesome to design leap months. Most people can look up their watches (for example, quite a few mobile phones have this function). Now give you the following reference materials:

First, the calculation method of lunar leap month

Why is there a leap month in the lunar calendar? The leap month in the lunar calendar is to coordinate the contradiction between the tropic year and the lunar year.

What is the contradiction between the tropic year and the lunar year? Remember first: the total length of the tropic year is 365.2422 days, and the length of the first lunar month is 29.5306 days.

12 lunar months make up the lunar year, with a length of 29.5306× 12=354.3672 days, which is less than 10.88 days, and less than 1 1 day per month.

Accordingly, if one year of the Lunar New Year is a snowy winter, the next year's Spring Festival will be 1 1 day earlier than the season, and 16 Lunar New Year will appear in hot summer.

If the lunar year consists of thirteen lunar months, the length is 29.5306× 13=383.8978 days, which is 18 days more than the tropical year.

If the calendar is made according to the above regulations, there will be a strange phenomenon that the weather is inconsistent with the calendar and the time order is disordered and reversed-this is contradiction.

In order to overcome this shortcoming, our ancestors found the method of "leap month" on the basis of astronomical observation, ensuring that the first month to March is spring, April to June is summer, July to September is autumn, and October to December is winter, and ensuring that the first year of the lunar calendar is in late winter and early spring.

The mid-year month of the lunar calendar is based on the length of the first month of the lunar calendar of 29.5306 days, so the big month is 30 days and the small month is 29 days. In order to ensure that the first day of each month is a new moon, the arrangement of large and small months is not fixed, but needs to be determined through strict observation and calculation. Therefore, it is common to be big or small for two consecutive months in the lunar calendar, even with rare exceptions. For example, March and April are small in 1990, while four consecutive months are big in September,1October,1month and1February.

So how often do you add leap months? The best way is to find the least common multiple of the number of days in tropical years and the number of days in lunar months: we hope that the number of days in m tropical years is equal to the number of days in n lunar months, that is, there should be an equation:

m×365.2422=n×29.5306

In this equation, we can't find m and n directly, but we can find their proportions:

The approximate value of this ratio is:

In these fractions, the numerator represents the number of tropical years and the denominator represents the number of moons. For example, the sixth score means that 19 tropic year must be added with 7 leap months.

Comparison of the results of adding 7 leap months in 19 tropical year;

19 tropical year = 19× 365.2422 = 6939+38+08 (days)

A lunar month has 29.5306 days, and 235 lunar months = 235× 29.5306 = 6939+38 (days).

After seven leap months were added to the tropical year 19, the contradiction was eliminated: 6939.438+00-6939.18 = 0.0892 (days)-that is, more than 2 hours and 9 minutes, which is accurate enough.

Therefore, the lunar calendar adopts the method of 19 plus seven leap months, that is, the "19-year seven leap method", which well coordinates the tropic year and the lunar year, so that the Lunar New Year's Day (Spring Festival) is always kept in the late winter and early spring. The ancients called 235 new moons "leap weeks".

The method of placing leap in the lunar calendar can make the average length of the lunar year close to the tropic year, and the moon in the lunar calendar has distinct moon phase characteristics, which maintains the best characteristics of both the Gregorian calendar and the lunar calendar.

At present, the method of setting leap is between two winter solstice days. If it is only 12 months, it is not a leap; if it is 13 months, it is a leap. The leap month begins on the "winter solstice". When the first month without "neutral spirit" appears, this month is a leap month, and its name is to add the word "leap" in front of the previous month.

What month is the lunar leap month? It depends on the 24 solar terms in a year.

In the China lunar calendar, the 24 solar terms are divided into 12 solar terms and 12 neutral terms.

The date of the twenty-four solar terms in the lunar calendar is postponed month by month, so in some lunar months, the qi falls at the end of the month and there will be no qi in the next month.

Generally speaking, there is no gas for one month every two years, which is consistent with the year when leap months are needed. Therefore, the lunar calendar stipulates that non-neutral months are leap months.

For example, April 29th in the 200 1 lunar calendar is full of Qi, and the first day of every other month is the next summer solstice of Qi. If there is no gas this month, it is designated as leap month, which is after April, so it is called leap April.

Second, how to convert between the Gregorian calendar and the lunar calendar?

Many people have been looking for formulas to change the lunar calendar. I tried, too. I read the "Academic Thesis" written by senior astronomers, and learned about the changes of ancient calendars and the defects of Yin and Yang calendars. Only then did I know that there was no formula to find because of the instability and irregularity of the moon's rotation. This is why China had to change its calendar every hundred years in ancient times.

The biggest problem in the lunar calendar is how to set leap days. This doesn't seem difficult, because the basic rules of the lunar calendar are as follows:

* The first day of every month is the first day.

* Month is named after Zhongqi.

* The first month is a "cloudy" month.

A leap month is a lifeless month with the same name as the previous month.

If the rotation of the sun and the moon can be followed regularly, it is not difficult to derive a set of conversion formulas for yin and yang calendars. The problem is that sometimes the lunar month is longer than the sun month. Such a lunar month may include two neutral qi. The names of lunar months after this double neutral month are all confused, and will not be adjusted until the next "fake" leap month.

The lunar calendar that most people come into contact with is a kind of civil calendar, which is a calendar issued by the government, calculated by east longitude 120 degrees, or Central Plains standard time or Beijing time. If we recalculate the Yin-Yang calendars with different time zones and different longitudes, then there is a big problem with the leap law of civil calendars. Leap months in different time zones may fall in different months. In other words, in one hundred years, the leap month sequence pattern of any two time zones will be different.

Gao's predecessors mentioned "leap calendar". If the leap method is applied to different time zones, all leap months in different time zones are in the same month. In this way, the problem of jumping between lunar calendars in different time zones and longitudes disappears. The difference between civil leap and calendar leap lies in:

* leap in civil use, if the new moon and the atmosphere are on the same day, then the lunar month includes the atmosphere.

* leap in the calendar, if the date of the new moon and the date of the new moon are on the same day, and the date of the new moon must be before the date of the new moon, then the lunar month will include the new moon.

In short, the civil comparison between new moon and neutral date; Compare the date, hour, minute and second of the new moon and gas in the calendar. Therefore, if there are no accurate time figures of the sun and the moon, the leap month of the lunar calendar may be arranged incorrectly.

For these reasons, I began to look for astronomical formulas to calculate the exact time of the sun and the moon in latitude. When there was no internet, I spent half a year looking for answers in major libraries and universities in southern California. 1993 published the book Astronomical Calendar of China and America. The precise astronomical time range in the book is only 1900 to 20 10 years. I'm worried that the time error after 20 1 1 will exceed one minute, which is not accurate enough to print. In 2002, after determining the accuracy of the sun and moon time from the network information, I rearranged the information in my busy schedule and provided it to friends who needed the lunar conversion formula.

The time numbers of the sun and the moon range from 1 to 2246. There are calendars and China civil calendars. Digital content clearly shows the end of the civil calendar. For example, from 1600 to 2246, there are 22 lunar months and only 5 calendar months in the civil calendar. Even in 2033, 2 128 and 2242, the civil calendar actually used up two pairs of gas in three months; In other words, there are two more "fake" leap months in three months. There are three leap months in 12 lunar month, and the stay of leap months has caused many scholars' discussions and concerns. During this three-year period, no double lunar month was found on the calendar. As long as the "fake" leap month after the double neutral month is cancelled, the calendar will be almost perfect.

Therefore, the civil calendar is very problematic and should be abolished. The last big change of the lunar calendar was in 1645, which has been more than 350 years. With the progress of astronomical science, the lunar calendar in China should use a more accurate calendar. So that future generations will not waste time discussing whether to stay or not.

Yin and Yang calendars are mainly used for eight-character fortune-telling, Wei Zi's number-fighting, farm calendars and escape calendars. Many people don't know that horoscope only uses solar calendar instead of lunar calendar. I spent a lot of time studying the conversion of the lunar calendar. In fact, these eight characters only use solar terms in the sun and have nothing to do with the moon. Wei Zi needs the lunar calendar date to arrange his horoscope. Half of the lunar calendar dates in the American time zone are one day different from those in China, because the time difference is more than 12 hours; The first day may be a different day. A friend, a professional fortune teller in Canada, is proficient in eight-character and purple-micro-bucket numbers and studies her female chart. Parents' eight-character theory is reasonable. Counting my parents' palaces, I can't see my own shadow. Later, I found the answer to "one day short" in the book "Sino-American Astronomical Calendar".

Once a retired doctor spent nearly 30 years looking for the formula of the lunar calendar and asked all the major observatories on both sides of the strait, but he couldn't get the answer until he found the book "Sino-American Astronomical Calendar". Finally, I hope that the astronomical figures of China Lunar Calendar and the original program I compiled can give readers who are curious about the conversion method of the Lunar Calendar an answer, so as to avoid regretting for life without an answer.

Explained the astronomical figures and original procedures of China Lunar Calendar in simple English.

Please enter from the following China Lunar Calendar.

He has no formal education in astronomy. With a passion for astronomy, I taught myself astronomy books. Because of his contribution to astronomy, on his centenary birthday, an annular lunar crater was named after him. It is located at 87.6 degrees east longitude and 6.7 degrees south latitude of the moon, with a diameter of 34 kilometers, winning glory for the country.

Third, look-up table conversion

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