Asking for information about the Yellow River

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China, second only to the Yangtze River, with a total length of 5,464 kilometers. It zigzagged through Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Suiyuan, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong provinces, and flowed eastward into the Bohai Sea, where more than 30 major tributaries and countless streams gathered along the way, with a drainage area of more than 750,000 square kilometers. The middle reaches flow through the vast loess plateau, and many tributaries carry a lot of sediment into it, which is the river with the largest sediment concentration in the world. This river is yellow, hence its name.

The Yellow River originates from the Zhanzonglie Canal at the northern foot of Bayan Kara, Qinghai, with an altitude of more than 5,400 meters, and the surrounding mountains are covered with snow all year round. There is a sea of stars at the source of the Yellow River, which is a swamp of countless small lakes. After leaving Xinghai, enter Eling Lake and Zhaling Lake to Maduo, bypass Jishishan and Xiqingshan, and cross Longyangxia to Guide, Qinghai, with a total length of 1900 kilometers. The upstream section is from Guide to Hekou Town, Suiyuan Province, with a total length of 1500 kilometers. The Yellow River is in Gansu, passing through many grand canyons and gathering many tributaries. The middle reaches from Hekou Town to Yujin, with a total length of 1 100 kilometers. The river flows south through the Loess Plateau, carrying a lot of sediment, rushing down to Hukou, where the terrain is steep, forming Hukou Waterfall, and then passing through Longmen Gorge to Tongguan, the river channel becomes wider, and the water volume increases greatly because of the confluence of Qin Fen, Luohe and Xiaoshui tributaries. When the river reaches Tongguan, it is blocked by Huashan Mountain, turns east, crosses Sanmenxia to Luo Yu, and then enters the plain area. The downstream section flows into the Bohai Sea from Jinmeng to Lijin County, Shandong Province, with a total length of more than 870 kilometers. Due to sediment deposition and slow water flow, dikes were built on both sides of the river, which became a "river above the ground".

The headwaters and upper reaches of the Yellow River are the most tortuous, followed by the middle reaches, and the lower reaches are straight. From Lanzhou to Tongguan, the river bypasses a rectangle on three sides, which is the famous Hetao, about 2000 kilometers long. Ancient rivers drifted downstream, sometimes the river flowed into the Bohai Sea in the northern part of Shandong hills, and sometimes it seized the Huaihe River and flowed into the Yellow Sea in the southern part of Shandong hills, with a distance of 500 kilometers.

The Yellow River has flooded cities in history. According to records, over the past 2000 years, the lower reaches of the Yellow River have burst its banks 1500 times and changed its course on a large scale for 26 times. The flood-stricken area reaches Tianjin in the north and Jiangsu and Anhui in the south, reaching 250,000 square kilometers. The total amount of sediment carried by river water exceeds1600 million metric tons every year on average. Due to the low terrain, gentle river slope and slow flow rate, a large amount of sediment is deposited on the river bed, with an average of more than 400 million metric tons per year. The rest of the sediment flows to the estuary and alluvial into the estuary delta extending to the sea, with an average of more than 20 square kilometers of land reclamation every year. The Yellow River basin has fertile soil, rich products and magnificent mountains and rivers. Residents account for almost a quarter of the total population of China, while cultivated land accounts for about 40% of the country.

Folk stories related to the Yellow River:

Legend has it that a long time ago, the ancient Yellow River was a wild horse that was difficult to tame. It is like a grinning monster, running at will, roaring day and night, devouring fertile land. Bite Chung Shan Man, the Hui people on both sides of the Yellow River can only live a slash-and-burn life at the top of the mountain and at the bottom of the ditch.

At that time, Ningxia was not a plain bordered by Ma Pingchuan, but green mountains and valleys. There is no flat field, and no field can be irrigated with Yellow River water.

Legend has it that there are several families living in Niushou Mountain who return to the Han family. They carry water at the foot of the mountain and farm at the top of the mountain for generations. All ages are busy, but they don't have enough to eat and don't wear warm clothes. For a long time, no one could stand this torture. One year, a 70-year-old Hui Hui man named Del opened a melon garden on the mountain and planted some cucumbers. He gets up early every day and goes to the Yellow River to fetch water and water cucumbers. His shoulders are swollen and his feet are skinned. He carefully cultivated cucumbers, and the yellow ones looked tender and sweet.

On this day, the old man was tired and fell asleep at the gate of the vegetable garden.

As soon as he fell asleep, he dreamed that there was a white cloud floating in the sky. Gradually, Baiyun became an imam with a white beard, shook his silver beard and said to the old man, "There are two strong winds today, so you should pay attention. There is a yellow wind at noon, which can make cucumbers wither; There is a black wind in the afternoon, which can make cucumber stems fall off. No matter how windy it is, don't pick cucumbers. When the old man woke up, he saw that the white-bearded imam had disappeared, but he saw that the yellow wind in the north was overwhelming and suddenly blew to Niushou Mountain. The old man looked at the cucumbers carefully, and sure enough, they faded one by one. He was very sad. A year's efforts were in vain, but the thought of the white-bearded imam stopped him. In the afternoon, a black wind blew, shaking the earth and shaking the leaves layer by layer. When the old man saw that the cucumber was about to fall to the ground, he was very angry. He picked a cucumber and threw it into the Yellow River. The Yellow River immediately broke a line. As if he had been cut by a fairy with a knife, he clearly saw the bottom of the river. When the old man Gerd swooped down, the river suddenly joined again. The old man was tired and hungry, sitting on the river bank, blinking, and the golden flower danced wildly, knowing nothing. At this time, the old man in Del heard the white-bearded imam say, "This cucumber is the key to conquering the Yellow River. You can cut off the Yellow River and make it listen to people. But now the Yellow River is called Yellow Wind and Black Wind, and these two Iberians are suffering. Don't be impatient, be patient and work harder. Next year, you plant another cucumber garden. When the cucumber is ripe, you pick the biggest one and throw it into the Yellow River. At that time, you walked into the cave at the bottom of the river, took off your jewels, took away the seeds of grains, and had a sword to cut dragons and demons and tame the Yellow River. Where you point, the Yellow River water will flow. "

The next year, the hardworking old man Gerd planted another cucumber garden. He is not afraid of the long journey, and he does not hesitate to sweat like rain, carrying water from the Yellow River to water melons. Everything comes to him who waits. Finally, a three-foot cucumber grows in the garden, which looks like a key. The old man happily slept in the melon garden for a day and a night until the melon was ripe.

On this day, the weather was fine, without a cloud. Old man Wilder picked a three-foot cucumber, read "Taismi" and threw it into the Yellow River. At this time, I only heard the roar of the Yellow River, and I opened a long crack. All the stones at the bottom of the river are clearly visible. When the old man went down to the bottom of the river, he saw a hole near the river bank, where pearls and agates were everywhere. The old man took some and just left, he heard the storm whistling. At that time, the waves on the river rolled and the waves became higher and higher. The old man Gerd picked up his sword and cut dozens of swords on the left and right sides of the black whirlwind and the yellow whirlwind. After a while, black wind and yellow wind blew in the sky.

At this time, the faults of the Yellow River gradually tightened. Del's old man remembered the command of the white-bearded imam, and this sword could conquer the Yellow River. He knew very well, and he thought, I want the Yellow River to fill ditches and level mountains. Holding two swords, the old man plunged into the Yellow River, and the water in the Yellow River stopped flowing at once, as if a Great Wall had been blocked in front, but it was still rising steadily, which was really scary from a distance. Three days later, from Liupanshan in the south to Helan Mountain in the west, there was water everywhere, leaving only a few mountain tips. Only then, the old man, Gerd, drew his sword and told the Yellow River to flow forward.

Since then, Ningxia, a deep mountain valley, has become Ma Pingchuan, and the Hui people living on both sides of the Yellow River have dug ditches for farmland with hard-working hands and lived a happy life.

Myths and legends:

Dayu had three treasures when he governed the Yellow River. One is the river map; The second is a mountain axe; The third is to avoid water swords. Legend has it that the river map was given to Dayu by Hebo, the water god of the Yellow River.

In ancient times, there was a man named Feng Yi in Huayin General Township. He feels uncomfortable farming, but he is bent on becoming an immortal. He heard that people can become immortals after drinking the juice of daffodils for one hundred days. So I looked everywhere for daffodils.

Before Dayu harnessed water, the Yellow River flowed to the Central Plains. There is no fixed channel, it flows everywhere and is often flooded. There are seven strands and eight roads on the ground, and the gullies are all Yellow River water. Feng Yi ran around looking for daffodils, often crossing, crossing and dealing with the Yellow River. Ninety-nine days passed in the blink of an eye, and then I found a daffodil and sucked the juice of the daffodil for a day, so I could become an immortal. Feng Yi was so proud that he crossed the Yellow River and went to a small village to look for daffodils. The water here is not deep. Feng Yi waded across the river and reached the middle of it. Suddenly, the river rose. He panicked, slipped, fell into the Yellow River and was drowned alive.

After Feng Yi's death, she was full of grievances and resentments and hated the Yellow River, so she went to the Jade Emperor to sue the Yellow River. The Jade Emperor was also annoyed when he heard that the Yellow River was undisciplined and wandering around, endangering the people. Seeing that Feng Yi had been sucking the juice of daffodils for ninety-nine days, it was time to become an immortal. He asked Feng Yi if he would be the water god of the Yellow River and govern it. Feng Yi was overjoyed. Full of promises. Now I can realize my dream of becoming an immortal, and secondly I can avenge my drowning.

Feng Yi became the water god of the Yellow River and was called Hebo. He has never been involved in water control, and suddenly assumed the responsibility of managing the Yellow River, helpless and worried. What should we do? I have no magic weapon, so I have to ask the Jade Emperor for advice. The Jade Emperor told him that to manage the Yellow River well, we must first find out the water conditions of the Yellow River and draw a river map. Based on the river map of the Yellow River, it will be much easier to control the Yellow River.

Hebo, according to the instructions of the Jade Emperor, was bent on drawing a river map. He went to his hometown first and wanted to ask the villagers for help. Everyone in the village hated his idleness and his work, and no one answered him. He found the old man in the village and expressed his great ambition to govern the Yellow River. When the old man saw that he was now a fairy and wanted to do something good for the people, he promised to help him. From then on, Hebo and later old people came and went in the rain, wading through mountains and rivers to see the Yellow River water regime. After running for several years, the old man was tired. After the old man only went back, the rest of Hebo continued to check the water situation along the Yellow River. When we parted, the old man repeatedly told Hebo that the director should go all the way and not give up halfway. After drawing the map, he began to manage the Yellow River, and there was not enough manpower. He persuaded the villagers to help.

It is a hard job to check the water regime and draw a river map. By the time Hebo finished drawing the river map, he was old and weak. Hebo looked at the river map, where the Yellow River is deep and shallow; Where it is easy to explode, it is easy to explode; Where to dig and where to block; Where the water can be cut off and where the flood can be discharged are clearly drawn. I can only sigh that I have no strength to manage the Yellow River according to the map, which is very sad. Hebo thought that one day someone would come to harness the Yellow River. It will be worthwhile to give him the river map then.

Hebo spent his old age under the Yellow River and never appeared again. Unexpectedly, the Yellow River overflowed again and again. People know that the Jade Emperor sent Hebo to control water, but they didn't see him. They all scold Hebo for not doing his duty, regardless of whether people live or die.

The old man hasn't seen Hebo for several years after waiting for him every day in his hospital bed. He is uneasy about managing the Yellow River and wants to find Hebo. His son's name is Yi, and he shot every shot. No matter what the old man says, Yi won't let him go to Hebo. Later, the old man did not listen to his son's dissuasion. As a result, he met a breach in the Yellow River, was washed away and drowned, and even the body was not found. Hou Yi hated Hebo's guts and gnashed his teeth, saying that Hebo would be shot sooner or later.

Later, Dayu came out to control water, and Hebo decided to give him the map of the Yellow River.

On this day, Hebo heard that Dayu came to the Yellow River with an axe and a sword to avoid water, so he came out from the bottom with a river map to look for Dayu. Hebo and Dayu have never met before, and neither of them knows each other. Hebo walked for a long time and was so tired that he wanted to have a rest. He saw a young man crossing the river. This young man is a hero. He must be Dayu. Hebo shouted and asked, "Hello, who are you?"

The young man on the other side is not Dayu, but Hou Yi. He looked up, and on the other side of the river, a saint-like old man was asking loudly, "Who are you?"

Hebo said loudly, "I'm Hebo. Are you Dayu? "

When Hou Yi heard that it was Hebo, he immediately rushed to his heart and sneered, "I am Dayu." Said the bow and arrow, don't ask, don't indiscriminate, "sou" an arrow, hit Hebo's left eye. Hebo pulled an arrow on his eye, and he was sweating with pain. He cursed in his heart: "Damn prison, how unreasonable!" The more he thought about it, the more angry he became, and he tore up the water map. Just then, there was a loud shout: "Hebo! Don't tear the picture. " Hebo barely looked at it with his right eye. On the other side, a man in a hat stopped Hou Yi. This man is Dayu. He knew that Hebo had painted a picture of the Yellow River and was going to ask Hebo for advice. Hou Yi pushed Dayu away and tried to draw a bow and arrow. Dayu grabbed him desperately and told Hebo about the hardships of painting. Hou Yi regretted his recklessness and shot Hebo in the left eye.

Hou Yi and Dayu crossed the river together. Hou Yi admitted his mistake to Hebo. Hebo knew that Hou Yi was the old man's son and didn't blame him. Dayu said to Hebo, "I'm Dayu, and I've come to ask you for advice on how to manage the Yellow River."

Hebo said, "My heart and blood and the way to manage the river are all on this picture. I will give them to you now."

Look at Dayu's exhibition map, which is dense and dense, and draws the water situation of the Yellow River clearly. Dayu was extremely happy. He wants to thank Hebo. Looking up, Hebo jumped into the Yellow River and disappeared.

Dayu got the hydrological map of the Yellow River and kept it around the clock. According to the instructions on the map, he finally managed to control the Yellow River.