Zhangye is located in the "bee waist" zone of Hexi Corridor at 38 degrees north latitude, with Qilian Mountain in the south and Badain Jaran Desert in the north. It was named after this county in the Western Han Dynasty, meaning "Zhang Guo closed its doors to the outside world". It is an important town on the ancient Silk Road. The total area is 42,000 square kilometers, including 3.8 million mu of cultivated land, 6.962 million mu of forest, 3 15.6 million mu of wetland and 0/70,000 mu of desert desertification land. The city governs Ganzhou, Linze, Gao Tai, Shandan, Minle and Sunan, with a population of 6.5438+0.28 million. There are 38 ethnic groups, of which Yugur is the only one living in Zhangye. Heihe River, the second largest inland river in China, which originated at the northern foot of Qilian Mountain, gave birth to Zhangye, an oasis in the Gobi desert. Zhangye has a unique regional position, superior natural endowment, rich resources and products, and profound cultural accumulation. Known as "Jiangnan" and "Golden Zhangye" since ancient times, it is a national historical and cultural city, an excellent tourist city in China, a national green model city, a national green ecological model city and a green ecological city with the most investment value in China. The advantaged cold climate resources and the golden zone of grape planting at 38 degrees north latitude have made Zhangye win the honor of "China High-quality Grape Production Base" and "China's first grape city with delayed facilities". Zhangye City has a long history of grape cultivation. According to the Records of Ganzhou, the grapes brought back by Zhang Qian's mission to the Western Regions during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty were first planted and spread in Hexi Corridor, and then developed all over the country. In 609 AD, Yang Di held the "World Expo" in Zhangye, and the grapes and wines produced locally in Zhangye became rare treasures that attracted worldwide attention. During the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the grape cultivation in Zhangye rose day by day. After 1300 years, the grape planting in Zhangye experienced ups and downs. The historical practice of grape planting in Zhangye shows that Zhangye has a wide range of suitable grapes. According to the organization experts' argumentation, the best areas suitable for grape planting in our city are: 98 92'-100 86' east longitude, 38 60'-39 60' north latitude, east to the junction of Ganzhou District and Shandan County, west to the junction of Minghua Township in Sunan and Jinta County in Jiuquan, south to the junction of Daman Town and Huazhai Township in Ganzhou District, and north to Gaotai. Including Liangjiadun, Xindun, Dangzhai, Chang 'an, Alkali Beach, Shangqin, Ganjun, Mingyong, Sanzha, Wujiang, Shajing, Jing 'an, Daman and Xiaoman in Ganzhou District, Shahe, Banqiao, Xinhua, Pingchuan, Liaoquan, Nijiaying and Yanuan in Linze County. There are 9 townships such as Sambo,-,Hue, Nangu and north beach in Minle County, and 56 townships such as Baiyin and Yubuzheng in Sunan County, with a large land area at an altitude of 1300-2400 meters. The soil in these places is mostly sandy soil, with loose soil structure and rich mineral content, which is beneficial to the growth, coloring and berry ripening of grape roots. During the vegetative growth period, the daily average temperature 15.2℃- 18.2℃, the sunshine hours were 8.9 hours-10.2 hours, and the temperature difference between day and night was large (12.6℃- 14.5℃), which was greater than/kloc. Dry and clean air, pure and sweet melting water of Qilian Mountain, solar radiation intensity second only to Lhasa, Tibet, and scarce precipitation provide superior climate and natural resources foundation and conditions for producing organic, green and high-quality grapes. Up to now, in Ganzhou, Linze, Gao Tai, Shandan, Minle and Sunan counties 1 area under the jurisdiction of Zhangye City, according to the local natural conditions, climate characteristics and altitude gradient, the area of planting high-quality grapes of various varieties has reached 50,800 mu (including: protected grapes 10.05 million mu; 23,400 mu of wine grapes; Open-field fresh grapes 1.69 million mu, driving more than 38,000 households. The output reached 696.5438+0.8 million tons, with an output value of 400 million yuan. In recent years, based on the regional strategic positioning of "ecological security barrier, three-dimensional transportation hub and economic corridor", our city has highlighted three major points of "ecological construction, modern agriculture and corridor economy", and made great efforts to develop ecological economy with the goal of building "ecological civilized city, corridor economy characteristic city and national unity and progress city", and achieved initial results with new ideas and measures. Especially in exploring the development of oasis modern agriculture characterized by water saving, high efficiency and safety, we are based on reality, identify the advantages, highlight the characteristics, make full use of the unique resource advantages, constantly adjust and optimize the industrial structure, actively guide the development of protected grape industry, and embark on a road of sustained and rapid development of protected grapes under the ecological background. 1995, the city began to introduce red grapes, and in 2000, the delayed cultivation experiment of protected grapes was successful. Since 2008, the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government have taken the development of protected grapes as an important starting point to increase farmers' income, made a strategic decision to accelerate the development of protected grape industry, and listed the development of protected grape industry as one of the "Top Ten Projects" in the city's "Modern Agricultural Demonstration Project". According to the development idea of "more light, less water, new land reclamation, new technology and high efficiency", preferential policies are formulated around the "two" along the mountain cold zone, desert edge and suburban circle, standard production is standardized, supporting technologies are popularized, scale is expanded, the development of "three products" (pollution-free, green and organic) is accelerated, and well-known brands are cultivated. The development of protected grape industry in the city has achieved remarkable results. In 2009, well-known experts in the national grape industry and some fruit marketers were invited to inspect the grape delayed cultivation base in protected areas of our city. Experts agree that Zhangye City has a cool climate, abundant sunshine and large temperature difference between day and night, which is the best area for delayed cultivation of protected grapes. In terms of delayed cultivation of protected grapes, Zhangye City has mature technology and complete facilities, which can produce high-grade organic grapes that are mature and listed during the New Year's Day to the Spring Festival. The market potential is great, and the annual supply of fresh grapes can be realized by using different poster gradients. Since 2008, Zhangye Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government have formulated various support measures and issued a number of preferential support policies for many years. Various counties and districts have also successively introduced policies and measures suitable for the development of grape industry in their own counties and districts, fully supported the development of grape industry in protected areas, and promoted it in a large area at an altitude of 1300-2400 meters, and postponed the planting of high-quality red grapes in facilities mainly focusing on "Golden Zhangye Red Grape". The cultivation technology of protected grape is mature, and the benefits of increasing farmers' income are obvious. The goal of planting in the same year, bearing fruit in the second year and high yield in the third year was realized. The average income per mu is about 1.8 thousand yuan, and the output value of single water can reach more than 1.000 yuan. After a short period of three years, the protected grape 1.500 mu was developed, and the average annual net income of farmers who planted red grapes in Jinyang leaves reached more than 1.000 yuan, which gradually became one of the important pillar industries for farmers in our city to increase their income and get rich. According to the present situation of grape development in our city, especially the present situation and development potential of protected grape industry, our city will proceed from reality, make overall planning, scientific demonstration, highlight key points and implement it step by step. It is planned that by the end of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, the grape planting area in protected areas in our city will reach 20,000 mu, and strive to reach about 50,000 mu by 2020.
Three. Geographical scope
Zhangye is located in the middle of Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province, with an east longitude of 9712'-102 20' and a north latitude of 37 28'-39 57'. It is connected to Wuwei and Jinchang in the east, Jiayuguan and Jiuquan in the west, Qinghai Province in the south and Inner Mongolia in the north, with a total area of 42,000 square kilometers. Zhangye grape is one of the characteristic industries in Zhangye City. The producing area of Zhangye grape is located between 9712 ′-102 o20 ′ and 37 o28 ′-39 o57 ′ north latitude, which is determined by administrative divisions. Specifically, it includes Liangjiadun Town, Xindun Town, Dangzhai Town, Chang 'an Township, alkali beach town, Shang Qin Zhen, Ganjun Town, Mingyong Township, Sanzha Town, wujiang town, Shajing Town, Jing 'an Township, Daman Town, Xiaoman Town, Longqu Township, Anyang Township, Huazhai Township, Dongda Forest Farm and Xicheng Post Forest Farm in Ganzhou District. Gaotai County has eight townships, including Nanhua Town, Camel Town, Xiangzi Township, Xuanhua Town, Heli Township, Heiquan Township, Luocheng Township and Xinba Township, while Shandan County has Qingquan Town, Chenhu Township, Weiji Town, Liqiao Township, Huocheng Town, Daxiang Township, Dongle Township, Mechanical Forest Farm, Shandan Farm and so on 10. Minle County has1/kloc-0 townships, development zones and nurseries, including Hongshui Town, xin tian zhen Town, Liuba Town, Gu Yong Town, Sanbao Town,-Township, Hue Township, Fengle Township, Nangu Town, Development Zone and Dongtan Nursery. Sunan County has three townships, including Hongwansi Town, Baiyin Township and Le Kang Township. The base covers a total area of 3,500 hectares with an annual output of 52,500 tons of Zhangye grapes.
Four. Product quality characteristics
1. External sensory characteristics: the fruit of "Zhangye Grape" is bright red or purple; Ear elasticity is moderate, the average longitudinal diameter is 26 cm, the transverse diameter is 65,438+08 cm, the ear weight is 750-65,438+0,000 g, the fruit grains are nearly round, the size is uniform, there is no dried fruit, the fruit stalks and pedicels are small green, the average fruit weight is 65,438+02 g, and the maximum fruit weight is 65,000 g. Take the ear as the first standard. 3. Intrinsic quality characteristics: See Table 2 for the physicochemical standards of grapes. (Table omitted) (3) Hygienic requirements: See Table 3 and Table 4 for grading standards of grape hygiene requirements. (table omitted)