Complete collection of detailed information about social days and festivals

Social Day Festival, also known as Land Birthday, is an ancient traditional festival in China. Social days are divided into spring clubs and autumn clubs. In ancient times, the festival of social day was determined according to the calendar of cadres and branches. Later, due to the change of calendar, festivals were decided by the lunar calendar. The Spring Festival Society is calculated on the fifth day after beginning of spring, usually around the second day of the second lunar month, and the Autumn Society is calculated on the fifth day after beginning of autumn, about the eighth lunar month. In ancient times, the land gods and the places where they were sacrificed were called "clubs". According to the folk custom of our country, whenever sowing or harvesting season, farmers should set up clubs to sacrifice, pray or reward the land gods.

The ancients believed that everything was born on the earth, so the land god was one of the gods widely worshipped. It is believed that this god is in charge of grain growth and peace in this place. February 2 is the Christmas of the landowner, also known as the God of Perseverance. In the south of China, it is the birthday of the landowner and is called "the birthday of the land". In order to "warm his life", some places have the custom of holding a "land meeting": every household raises funds to celebrate the birthday of the land god, and goes to the land temple to burn incense, beat drums and set off firecrackers.

February 2 in the south still follows the custom of offering sacrifices to the land gods. For example, in Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and other regions, there are both customs similar to the Dragon Head Festival and the new "February 2" custom, which is mainly based on the custom of offering sacrifices to the land god, while the south generally worships the land god.

Basic Introduction Chinese Name: Social Day English Name: Community day Festival Time: The fifth May Day Festival after beginning of spring Type: Traditional Festival Popular Area: China Festival Origin: Original Belief Festival Activities: Burning incense, beating gongs and drums, setting off firecrackers Time: Ancient? Festival algorithm, festival origin, cultural origin, historical evolution, festival customs, festival algorithm In ancient times, the festival cycle of social days was determined according to the calendar of cadres and branches, and later it was changed to the lunar calendar due to the change of calendar. Social days are divided into spring club days and autumn club days. Spring Club is the fifth May Day after beginning of spring, and Autumn Club is the fifth May Day after beginning of autumn. First of all, we should know that every day has its own heavenly stems and earthly branches Day. Ten days of work: A, B, C, D, E, Ji, G, Xin, people, ghosts. Twelve earthly branches: Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu and Hai. For example, 20 14 of beginning of spring is February 4th of Gregorian calendar, and it was found to be the afternoon of March. Spring Club Day is the fifth May Day after beginning of spring. The six days of Wuzi, Wuyin, Chen Wu, Wuwu, Wushen and Wuxu are called Wuri, also known as "Liu Wu". Therefore, the first day after 20 14.2.4 is 2.6 days, the second day is 2. 16 days, the third day is 2.26 days, the fourth day is 3.8 days, and the fifth day is 3. 18 days. The origin of festivals began in ancient times, and social gods became the ritual gods in the ritual system. Nowadays, many changes have taken place in the ancient "social gods", but the custom of offering sacrifices to land gods has remained, and with the migration of Chinese, it has blossomed and taken root in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Singapore and Malaysia. For a long time in China's history, its social form was a typical traditional agricultural society. In such a social form, people have extremely deep feelings for the land. If you love it, you must deify it, so land has long been the object of people's sacrifice, called "society"; The key day of sacrifice is "social day". The word "social day festival" means "the earth" and "the earth" means "sacrifice". Then, society will sacrifice land. The early land god was just a god, and later it gradually became personified, called the country, commonly known as the land god, and had a spouse god (country mother, commonly known as the land grandmother). Sometimes the land god and the valley god worship together, which is the so-called country in ancient times. Compared with spring clubs and autumn clubs, spring clubs have more activities. According to the fifth day after beginning of spring, the Spring Festival is usually around the second day of February. It is said that this day is the birthday of the land god, so the festival on this day is particularly grand. Yuan Jinglan's "Wu Sui Jun Ji Huasheng" records this custom in Suzhou: February 2 is the birthday of the land god, and the temples in the city have their own special shrines, and sacrifices are rewarded. In rural Tujia Temple, farmers also provide furniture with kettle pulp to make a wish. Li Shen is commonly known as Tian Gong and Tian Po, and was called country and country in ancient times. Social workers have no room and board, so it will rain on social day. This is called social worker rain. Give money to the meeting and call it social money. Folding drums to pray for the New Year is called social drums. Drinking can cure deafness. Mixing rice with meat is the so-called social meal. ..... Things in the fields will flourish, and we will worship clubs and pray for agriculture. In ancient times, the day to worship the land god was called social day, usually one day in spring and autumn, and sometimes at four o'clock later. Qiu Guangting, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said in Ming Shi Lu: The social day is generally on the fifth day, the fifth day after beginning of spring is spring social, and the fifth day after beginning of autumn is autumn social, usually around the vernal equinox or autumnal equinox. Before the Han Dynasty, there were only Spring Societies, and after the Han Dynasty, there were Spring and Autumn Societies. The function of offering sacrifices to gods in the Spring and Autumn Period is different, that is, the so-called spring prayer for autumn newspaper. The Spring Society mainly prayed for the land gods to bless the agricultural harvest, while the Autumn Society thanked the gods for the harvest. The cultural origin of social gods is due to the worship of land. Land is the place where human beings live and live, and it is the most important source for human beings to obtain means of subsistence (clothing, food, shelter, etc.). The worship of natural materials on which people live is an important part of primitive worship, and our ancestors have always revered and worshipped the land for a long time. However, because "the land is vast and cannot be respected all over; There are many grains, so don't sacrifice them one by one. Therefore, the closure of the land and the establishment of a society show that there is respect for the land. " With the transformation from primitive worship to personality worship, the primitive worship of the land has been transformed into the worship of the land god, and the mound, once a symbol of the vast land, has become the place and symbol of the land god, the master. Sacrificial society also has a sacrificial system. The so-called "country, earth valley god, sage and people with food." Social Day is a day for offering sacrifices to social gods. According to research, Social Day, as a festival, "originated in three generations, first flourished in Qin and Han Dynasties, spread in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, flourished in Tang and Song Dynasties, and declined in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties". In the history of social development, the Tang Dynasty is undoubtedly an important period. The land god is everywhere, and the family of the land god is very large. The direct supervisor is Huang Tu's land, and he followed the practice of heaven, and the "Land Department" of the ninth base, the 36th Imperial Army, which is in charge of ten directions and three realms. At the same time, there are also local lands where all parties live. In the scriptures, it is also recorded that "Tugong Mutu, Tuzi Tusun, Tujia households", which shows how huge the land god system is. Land gods play an important role in people's daily life, not only with a huge family, but also widely distributed. There are land gods at home, in villages and in cities. Some people worship the land at home, some people worship the land at the door, and some people worship the land at the village temple. In short, the duty of the land god is to bless Kangtai, a character on one side of the land, with a clean population and safe access. In the south, the custom of offering sacrifices to the society (land god) is the main way to hold the dragon head on February 2, and the custom of Dragon Boat Festival is mainly in midsummer Dragon Boat Festival. For example, in Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and other regions, there is a new "February 2" custom, which is similar to the custom of holding the dragon's head up, mainly based on the custom of sacrificing society. Because "the earth bears all things" and "gathers wealth in the earth", the land gods are generally worshipped in southern China, also known as "society", "society god", "land god" and "paying for the right god", and Hakka people call them "land gods". The "social day" on February 2 is mainly about offering sacrifices to the land and gathering social drinks to entertain people by worshipping and entertaining God. The word "Spring Society" means "show" and "earth" means "sacrifice". Then, society will sacrifice land. The early land god was just a god, and later it gradually became personified, called the country, commonly known as the land god, and had a spouse god (country mother, commonly known as the land grandmother). Sometimes the land god and the valley god worship together, which is the so-called country in ancient times. Compared with spring clubs and autumn clubs, spring clubs have more activities. According to the fifth day after beginning of spring, the Spring Festival is usually around the second day of February. It is said that this day is the birthday of the land god, so the festival on this day is particularly grand. Yuan Jinglan's "Wu Sui Jun Ji Huasheng" records this custom in Suzhou: February 2 is the birthday of the land god, and the temples in the city have their own special shrines, and sacrifices are rewarded. In rural Tujia Temple, farmers also provide furniture with kettle pulp to make a wish. Li Shen is commonly known as Tian Gong and Tian Po, and was called country and country in ancient times. Social workers have no room and board, so it will rain on social day. This is called social worker rain. Give money to the meeting and call it social money. Folding drums to pray for the New Year is called social drums. Drinking can cure deafness. Mixing rice with meat is the so-called social meal. ..... Things in the fields will flourish, and we will worship clubs and pray for agriculture. In ancient times, the day to worship the land god was called social day, usually one day in spring and autumn, and sometimes at four o'clock later. Qiu Guangting, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said in Ming Shi Lu: The social day is generally on the fifth day, the fifth day after beginning of spring is spring social, and the fifth day after beginning of autumn is autumn social, usually around the vernal equinox or autumnal equinox. Before the Han Dynasty, there were only Spring Societies, and after the Han Dynasty, there were Spring and Autumn Societies. The function of offering sacrifices to gods in the Spring and Autumn Period is different, that is, the so-called spring prayer for autumn newspaper. The Spring Society mainly prayed for the land gods to bless the agricultural harvest, while the Autumn Society thanked the gods for the harvest. February 2nd is the birthday of the Earth God, and the temples in the city have their own special shrines for offering sacrifices and rewards. In rural Tujia Temple, farmers also provide furniture with kettle pulp to make a wish. Li Shen is commonly known as Tian Gong and Tian Po, and was called country and country in ancient times. Social workers have no room and board, so it will rain on social day. This is called social worker rain. Give money to the meeting and call it social money. Folding drums to pray for the New Year is called social drums. Drinking can cure deafness. Mixing rice with meat is the so-called social meal. ..... Things in the fields will flourish, and we will worship clubs and pray for agriculture. Autumn House Autumn House is the fifth anniversary after beginning of autumn. The ancient harvest is over, and the government and people sacrifice to the gods on this day to show their gratitude. In the Song Dynasty, there were customs of eating cakes, drinking and women's visiting relatives. Later, the autumn society gradually declined, and its content was mostly merged with the Mid-Autumn Festival (July and a half). Tang Han Wo's poem "No See": "I would like to be a royal swallow, and I won't return when the community comes back in autumn." Song Mengyuan's Tokyo Dream Autumn Festival: "In August, autumn will give cakes and wine. Noble and court courtyards are made of pork and mutton, kidneys, your room, stomach, lungs, ducks, cakes, melons and ginger. They are cut into pieces and spread on the board with a harmonious taste, which is called "social meal" for guests' support. Women in other families leave home and come home late, that is to say, their grandparents and uncles all regard new gourds and jujubes as their heritage. This is a common saying that they should be good nephews. Mr. Shi Xue raised all the original funds for the association in advance ... When he came back, he left with his own flower basket, fruit, food and social cake. The same is true for Chunshe, Chongwu and Chongjiu. " Song and Wu's Dream in August: "On the Autumn Festival, the imperial court and counties sent officials to sacrifice to the country, praying for spring and autumn." "Ting Anne Zhai Tian Tou in July" in the ancient land of Qing Dynasty: "In the Central Plains, farmers worshipped Tian Shen, and each brought a rice ball, chicken, melon and vegetables, and then made a wish at the intersection of Tian, named Zhai Tian Tou. Case: Han Changli's poem: "Having fun with Tiantou." Another cloud said,' I would like to hold a banquet for people in the same society in the Spring and Autumn Period. ..... today's sacrifice is on July 15th, which is the autumn festival in ancient times. "The historical evolution of the country, the land god, belongs to nature worship." "The Biography of Ram Twenty-five Years of Zhuang Gong" records: "Drum is a sacrifice of the country. "Twenty-nine Years of Zuo Zhao Zhuan Gong" said: "The son of the father-in-law family is called Goulong, and this is the afterlife." "The afterlife is society". It can be seen that the social gods in the pre-Qin era originated from the belief in Houtu, and Goulong was the social god, who sacrificed the social gods with drums. "The Book of Rites Special Sacrifice in the Suburbs" says: society, offering sacrifices to the soil, using the first day, that is, using the beginning of the day. The beginning of this day is set as the first day of February in the same book "Moon Order", which is the first day of February. With more information about social sacrifice in Han Dynasty, we can better understand social sacrifice. "White Tiger Yi Tong Country" records: "Why does the king have a country? Seek happiness and reward for the world. People don't stand on the ground or eat in the valley. The land is vast and cannot be respected by the whole world. There are too many grains to be sacrificed one by one. Therefore, the closure of land and the establishment of society show that there is soil. To respect the length of millet, it is sealed and sacrificed. "It can be seen that in order to repay the kindness, the society has set up a soil sacrifice for the altar of" sealing the soil ",which is the Spring Festival twice a year as the autumn newspaper. In the Han Dynasty, there were cooperatives from emperors to princes, even in counties and townships. In addition to the national social system, China has also established private cooperatives among the people. According to the annotation in Records of Five Elements in Hanshu, the state stipulates that 25 households are a cooperative. And the people are still ten households and five households, all of which are farmland cooperatives, that is, private. The country is personified. The Biography of Fang Shu in the Later Han Dynasty says that Fei Changfang can "drive the country." "Biography of Chen Ping in Han Shu" records the story of Chen Ping's offering meat: Li Zhongshe offered meat, Chen Ping was responsible for cutting the meat, and the meat was evenly distributed. The elders in the village praised him for cutting meat very well. Chen Ping said that if I could take charge of the world, it would be as fair as sharing meat. This story makes us understand that social sacrifice should be used to eat meat, and everyone should share the meat after sacrifice. Therefore, social sacrifice requires a certain fee. "History of Eating Goods in the Han Dynasty" said: "The society tasted the new Spring and Autumn Temple for 300 yuan. "Probably refers to the people's sacrifice burden to society during social sacrifice. After the Han Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Festival was still held in February and August. As for the time of social sacrifice, The Preface to Social Fu in the Jin Dynasty says that the Han Dynasty set February afternoon, the Wei Dynasty set February day and the Jin Dynasty set January day. Because of their luck, Wei Chunqiu in Li Zhiyi, Shu Wei learned to use wuyue. Sui and Tang Dynasties inherited this provision from the Northern Wei Dynasty. In Song Dynasty, it was stipulated that the fifth day after beginning of spring beginning of autumn was the club, and the Spring and Autumn Club was about five days after the vernal equinox or autumnal equinox. Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties implemented the old system of Tang and Song Dynasties. As far as the Spring Festival Society is concerned, it is basically held in February. The Chronicle of the Age of Jingchu left us with the specific situation of social sacrifice. As you can see, on the day of the Spring Festival, neighbors get together and hold ceremonies to worship the Spring Festival gods, kill cattle and sheep and provide wine. Build a shed under the club tree, sacrifice to God first, and then enjoy the wine and meat together. Social Day prevailed in the Tang Dynasty, and there are many descriptions in Tang poetry. Reflect the village community sacrifice, as usual, gather drums and gather people. Wine should be prepared for social sacrifice, and social wine should be drunk after the sacrifice. According to ancient legends, "social sacrifice and drinking alcohol treat deafness. "There are social sacrifices and meat sacrifices, which should be shared after the sacrifice. The Tang dynasty also instructed the head of the club to collect taxes. In the Tang Dynasty, the emperor often gave courtiers mutton wine, seafood, wine noodles, japonica rice, steamed cakes, rice cakes and so on. Long sticks, Bai Juyi, Gao Pian and others all appeared on the social day, thanking the imperial court for the extra gifts. Generally speaking, the Spring Festival is to pray to the gods for good weather. There is also the custom of "avoiding needles" when women stop sewing on social days (Zhang Zecheng's Festival of the Tang Dynasty, No.37 Literature and History Series of Zhonghua Book Company, 1993). The social customs in the Song Dynasty are the same as those in the Tang Dynasty. Mei's poem "Spring Society" reflects the situation of social sacrifice: "Every year, the rain is greeted by the society, and the flowers are lightly washed. Playing drums under the tree and waiting for meat crows on the altar. Spring mash drinks together, and wild old chaos. When swallows arrive, their long wings are tilted. "It is worth noting that land belief prevailed in the Song Dynasty, and there are many legends about land in Hong Mai's Jane Yizhi. During the Song Dynasty, land temples were set up all over the country. This kind of land temple is set up outside the community and belongs to the land belief with the community. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, social sacrifice declined in the north, but it still prevailed in the south, and land temples became more popular. This has something to do with the system of the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yuanzhang asked all cities to build city god temples and villages to set up land temples. He also stipulated that each village should have 100 families and an altar to worship the gods of five lands and five grains. What is more striking is that since the Ming Dynasty. Jiangnan area designated February 2 as the birthday of the land god. Li Yizhen's "Full Moon" and Emperor Chongzhen's "Shu Min" all say that February 2nd is the birthday of the earth god. The birthday of the land god also affects social sacrifice. Jiajing Zhejiang's Annals of Chun 'an County said that the countryside was sacrificed to the Li society on February 2. Lu Gu's Jia Qinglu recorded it in more detail: "(February 2) is the birthday of the land god, commonly known as the land father, and all officials and officials have their temples. Officials pay tribute to the sacrifices, officials make incense and fire, and every animal is happy to be rewarded. The farmers in the village also made a pot of pulp to wish God success, commonly known as Tian Gong and Tian Po. " The mixture of land belief and country sacrifice is even more obvious in Jiajing's "Records of Liuhe County, Jiangsu Province": "On February Country Day, there is a sacrifice to the land god in each lane, which is called land, and the country is drunk after the sacrifice. The same is true when club days are met in autumn and August. The owner of the club changes every day. " As far as the records of Ming and Qing local chronicles are concerned, most of them record that social sacrifices are held on social days to pray for the New Year. The society at the time of social sacrifice was very lively. Jiajing Zhejiang's "Wu Kang County Records" said: "Spring Society, a few days before Qingming. There are ten or twenty people in each village who form a group, and they burn wine and incense to worship Tugu God in Zhang Le. However, if they dress up as witches and taige, beat gongs and drums, insert knives and zip locks and shout "Hu", they will be like crazy. " The events of the Spring Society are recorded in detail in Jiajing Anhui Times County Records. In addition to offering sacrifices to social gods, there are also customs such as soaking rice seeds, offering sacrifices to new tombs and treating silkworms. In the laughter of ancient oak trees, the spring breeze belongs to the public. I prefer drinking to cure deafness. The fifth May Day after beginning of spring is Spring Club Day. In ancient times, villages were used as units to worship social gods and pray for a bumper harvest. The God of the Sacrifice Society first established a community, built a stone house on an earthen altar without a roof, put red paper on it, and sprinkled meat around it to pay for crows after the sacrifice. Chronicle of Jingchu: "On social day, neighbors form clan associations, slaughter livestock in prisons, sacrifice to the gods first, and then enjoy them." Song Mei Yao Chen wrote the poem "Spring Club": "Spring is welcomed every year to help the rain, and the flowers in the forest are lightly washed. Playing drums under the tree and waiting for meat crows on the altar. Spring mash and wine are drunk together, and wild and old are confused. The swallow arrived with long and oblique wings. " February 2 "still follows the custom of offering sacrifices to the society in southern social festivals, such as in Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and other regions;" In addition, a new custom of "February 2" has been formed, which is similar to the custom of Dragon Head-raising Festival, and is mainly based on the custom of offering sacrifices to society, such as in Hakka areas in eastern Guangxi. The land god was called "society" and "society god" in ancient times, and was said to be the god who managed one side of the land. Because "the earth carries everything" and "accumulating wealth on the earth", human beings worship the land. After entering the agricultural society, the belief in the land is linked with the abundance of crops. In southern China, people generally worship the land god, also known as "Land God" and "Fude Shen Zheng", while the Hakkas are called "Uncle Land", and there is a social day festival to worship the social god. The custom of "February 2" social day is rich in content, and its main activities are to worship the land and gather social drinks to entertain people by worshipping and entertaining God. Sacrificing the gods of society must first build an altar and a temple. What the king established was called "King Snake" and what the people established was called "Big Society". The social altar must also have a social master-the social god. The earliest owners were trees, such as pine trees planted on altars in Xia Dynasty, cypress trees planted in Shang Dynasty and chestnut trees planted in Zhou Dynasty. Later, the owners replaced them with stones, wooden signs and mounds. For example, the community altar in Beijing Zhongshan Park is dominated by five-color soil. The blue soil in the east, the white soil in the west, the red soil in the south, the black soil in the north and the loess in the middle not only represent the land of the world, but also include Yin and Yang and the five elements. Just to pray for a bumper harvest in agriculture, it has increased the god of millet, which dominates the grain, so it is called the altar of the country. This is the "Wang society" in which the Ming and Qing emperors sacrificed to the society. Cooperatives established by the people are now called land temples. There are many land temples in urban and rural areas: in towns, residents donate money to build temples; In rural areas, under the big trees outside the village, build a small temple one or two meters square, or use four stone heads, three as walls, one as a roof and one as a broken cylinder block as a cover. Such a "wronged" god who dominates the land, is young and strong, and has never heard of complaints and revenge from the land god. Therefore, the land gods created by the people of China are mostly kindly old people with long beards. Later, some people thought it was too lonely to leave him alone in the small temple, so they added a wife, commonly known as the land woman, according to human society. However, in Fujian, Guangdong and the southwest of China, people set up one or two stones in the land temple and covered them with red cloth. This is the land god-is this the ancient heritage of stone-based people? The farmer also posted a piece of red paper with the land god written on it under the wall of the main hall dedicated to the god of heaven and earth, put an incense burner, and invited the land god to protect the family. The sacrificial ceremony was a grand festival for all the people in ancient times. After the emperor went to the "King Snake" to worship Qi Feng, he also held a banquet for the ministers. People collectively offered sacrifices to the community gods in the village. From ancient poems, we can know the scene of the social day at that time: the villagers pooled their money to buy pigs and sheep, then beat gongs and drums, carried pigs and sheep, and gathered in front of the social temple to burn incense and worship, praying for a bumper harvest, prosperous population and peace in the village. After the sacrifice, meat will be divided according to households. There will be picnics, dinners and drinking in front of the temple, as well as activities such as drumming, duet singing and mowing grass. They will return at dusk. Zhang Yan, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote in the poem "Society Day": "Sang Shuying stays in the Spring Society, and every family is drunk. The "February 2" social day in the south has inherited the folk custom of offering sacrifices to the land god since ancient times, and the belief in the land god can meet the psychological needs of the people in the south to pray for a good year and eliminate disasters, so the custom of offering sacrifices to the land god in the south has been passed down to this day. Fu Zhengde Shen Bao: Shen Fu, who is loyal and loyal to the country, is respected by Li Shu. The official position is meritorious, and the person in power is a successor, but Chen Dan reached the peak. After nine days of righteousness, good and evil are clear, echoing each other from afar; The three worlds are well informed and distinguish between merits and demerits. Consolidate the golden soup and consolidate the country. Great loyalty and filial piety, showing the greatest spirit, protecting the country and the people, rejoicing in the big house, honoring God Ufford, sealing the emperor, honoring God Tuguhun, honoring Jade Emperor, the main altar town palace, the land king and honoring God Ufford, and conveying sincerity to the Buddha. Treasure of the land: children with a heart and life-saving gifts, Yan Hefa, long life and distant age, noble spirit and kind elders. According to the laws of the three realms, I was ordered by the thunder. I am happy to live in a free country. Wearing a flat-topped gold crown and holding a dragon pestle. The blue robe reflects the sun and the moon, and the footsteps often climb Xiangyun. Look left and right and support all parties. There are dragons in front, tigers behind, and they are everywhere. It is beneficial to the country and people, praying for grace and spirituality. Morality is hard to name and think about, and God has spirit. Eliminate all evils, uphold justice, be the master of one party, save the suffering, and be influenced by the world. Be compassionate and willing, be kind, reach the sky and the earth, protect the country and help the people, be a spiritual master in this environment and be a god in the field!