Why is the Mid-Autumn Festival in Jinan dedicated to Bunny King?

On the occasion of the Mid-Autumn Festival, festivals and customs of offering sacrifices to the moon, appreciating the moon and eating moon cakes are colorful all over the country. In Jinan, the older generation has the custom of offering sacrifices to the "rabbit king" in the Mid-Autumn Festival. In Lao She's novel Four Generations under One roof, he once described the appearance of "male prostitute". So why should Jinan Mid-Autumn Festival be dedicated to "Rabbit King"? Today's yearbook is for you.

"There is no rouge on the face, only a thin line is drawn on the three-petal mouth. It is red, painted with oil, and its two slender white ears are painted with light red; In this way, the rabbit's face looks very handsome, just like Huang Tianba in the rabbit. Its upper body is wearing a scarlet robe, and below its waist are green leaves and pink flowers. Every leaf fold and petal is carefully dyed into a bright and even color, making the green leaves and safflower shine. " -Lao She's Four Generations under One Family

Lao She described "male prostitute" in Four Generations under One roof, which was very popular in Jinan and Beijing at that time. According to folklore experts, in the past, old Jinan lived in quadrangles and miscellaneous hospitals. On the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month, a sacrificial table was set up in the quadrangle, with melons, pears and peaches on it to prepare for the Mid-Autumn Festival. More specifically, the "Rabbit King" should be put on the sacrificial table as a rabbit god. After the worship, the rabbit king became a toy in the children's hands.

In addition, in the past, every Mid-Autumn Festival, a main street from Plymen in Jinan to Jing Shun Lane was filled with stalls selling "Bunny King", which attracted countless citizens to watch and buy like lanterns on the fifteenth day of the first month, becoming a grand scene of the Mid-Autumn Festival.

There is a legend in Jinan about the origin of Rabbit King. It is said that there were 180 springs underground in Jinan in the early days, and some Grimer soup was smashed out, which made the water everywhere dirty and damp, and the poor children got sores and got sick.

People say that Grandma Moon has medicine, but she does not treat the poor, but only a few rich people. Ren Han, a young man living in Jinan, wanted to save the poor, so on August 15, his grandmother's birthday, he followed the old monk to celebrate his birthday, entered the Guanghan Palace, got help from the fairy, and stole medicine cakes.

At this time, there was a thick cloud outside the palace. I found a cloud eye, which was only the size of a bowl, so I couldn't get out. At this time, the bell rang in the palace and the birthday party was over. Grandma Moon will come out to see Fujian soon, and she was already dead when she saw it. It is really urgent.

At this time, the white rabbit beside the fairy spoke: "Now only by sacrificing myself and peeling off my skin and putting it on a teenager can I become a white rabbit like me." Say that finish, a head bump on the door of the Guanghan Palace and die.

For the poor in Jinan, Ren Han took rabbit skin and put it on his body, turned it into the shape of a rabbit, and took a bunch of medicine cakes out of the cloud, which happened to land in an alley in Jinan. He is worried that there is no way to distribute the medicine to the poor quickly. If Grandma Moon finds out and takes it back, it will be bad.

At this moment, Ren Han suddenly heard the sound of spring water. He had a brainwave and thought of a way to put the medicine cake in the eyes of seventy-two springs. These springs immediately became clear and sweet, becoming seventy-two springs in Jinan. After being washed by spring water, the medicine cake flowed everywhere and spread all over Jinan overnight. The next day, the rice cooked in the pot of every household was delicious, and all the people with sores recovered after eating it.

Later, although people didn't know that Ren Han went to Guanghan Palace to steal the fairy medicine, they remembered that on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month, a white rabbit descended from the sky and brought many medicine cakes, which saved everyone's lives in Jinan. Therefore, on this day, every household makes snacks into medicine cakes to support a mud rabbit god. Over time, people call the rabbit god the rabbit king; In Jinan dialect, medicine is homophonic with the moon, and over time, medicine cakes become moon cakes.

The legend of the rabbit king has been circulating among the people for a long time, but what is the real history? Zhou Bingsheng, the inheritor of Jinan Rabbit King's intangible cultural heritage, introduced that Rabbit King first appeared in the Qing Dynasty and flourished in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. At the time when Rabbit King was most popular, there were more than 30 manufacturers of Rabbit King in Jinan, such as Mijia, Jiejia and JiaHe Zhang Zhou Jia. They concentrated in Tang Sheng Lane and moved to Shunhe Street after liberation.

At that time, most merchants spread white cloth on square tables, and put rabbit kings of different sizes and shapes into "rabbit mountain". During the Mid-Autumn Festival, Bunny can be seen at every fruit stall from Plymen to Jing Shun Street. Most people will buy a few, and then bring watermelons and moon cakes back to worship. After the worship, Bunny became the best toy for children.

In the sixties and seventies of last century, because of "breaking the capitalism", all the ancestral rabbit king molds were destroyed and closed for many years. It was not until the 1980s that some old artists picked up this traditional craft again. At that time, Rabbit King went to Beijing to participate in the exhibition, which received rave reviews and was later collected by China Folk Art Museum.

The "rabbit king" in Jinan usually uses the yellow river clay embryo, including helmet, lens, pompon, ear, arm and spear head, which is dried and coated with white powder. Now in Jinan, there are two famous "rabbit kings". One is the "Zhou Rabbit King" which has been passed down for four generations since the late Qing Dynasty, representing the traditional appearance of the rabbit king, and Zhou Bingsheng is the successor.

The second one is "Quancheng Bunny King" on Furong Street, which represents the modern innovation of Bunny King. His works combine myths, legends and historical materials, and incorporate many local characteristics of Jinan, focusing on the tourist commemorative gifts with the characteristics of Quancheng. Yang Feng is the head of the family.

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