Complete knowledge of Dragon Boat Festival

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The origin of Dragon Boat Festival.

The fifth day of the fifth lunar month, commonly known as "Dragon Boat Festival". End means "start" and "start". The fifth day can be called Dragon Boat Festival. In the lunar calendar, the earthly branch marks the moon, the yin is built in the first month, February is the foundation, and May is noon in turn, so May is called noon month, and "Five" is connected with "noon", and "Five" is also the yang number, so the Dragon Boat Festival is also called Dragon Boat Festival, Worship for Wu, Duanyang and Zhongtian. According to historical records, the word "Dragon Boat Festival" first appeared in the local custom of Jin people in Zhou Dynasty: "Dragon Boat Festival in midsummer, cooking millet."

Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional festival of Han nationality in China. The basic activities of this day gradually evolved into: eating zongzi, racing dragon boats, hanging calamus and mugwort leaves, smoking Atractylodes rhizome and angelica dahurica, and drinking realgar wine. It is said that eating zongzi and dragon boat racing is to commemorate Qu Yuan, so after liberation, the Dragon Boat Festival was named "Poet's Day" to commemorate Qu Yuan. As for hanging Acorus calamus, Artemisia argyi, smoked Atractylodes macrocephala and Angelica dahurica, drinking realgar wine is said to suppress evil spirits. Although the Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated every year, its origin is not very clear. To sum up, there are roughly the following statements.

First, in memory of Qu Yuan.

This theory originated from the records of Wu Jun's Continuation of Qi and the Time of Jingchu in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. It is said that Qu Yuan threw himself into the river on the fifth day of May. After his death, he was trapped by a dragon and the world mourned for it. Every day, he throws five-color silk zongzi into the water to repel mosquitoes. There is also a saying that after Qu Yuan threw himself into the Miluo River, the local people immediately rowed for rescue and went all the way to Dongting Lake, but Qu Yuan's body was not found. It was raining at that time, and the boats on the lake gathered at the pavilion on the shore. When people learned that this was to salvage the sage Dr. Qu, they went to the vast Dongting Lake in the rain again. In order to express condolences, people rowed boats on the river, and later it gradually developed into a dragon boat race. Eating zongzi and racing dragon boats on the Dragon Boat Festival seems to be related to commemorating Qu Yuan. The poem "Dragon Boat Festival" embroidered in the Tang Dynasty proves this point: "It is rumored that Qu Yuan is the festival. It is ridiculous that the Chu River is empty and cannot be washed directly. "

Second, meet the Tao God and say

This statement comes from the Cao E Monument in the Eastern Han Dynasty. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Wu Zixu, a loyal minister of the State of Wu, died unjustly and became Shen Tao. The world mourned and sacrificed him, so the Dragon Boat Festival came into being.

Third, the Dragon Boat Festival said

This statement comes from Wen Yiduo's Dragon Boat Festival Examination and Dragon Boat Festival History Education. He believed that the fifth day of May was the day when the "Dragon" tribe in ancient wuyue held totem sacrifices. The main reason is: (1) Eating zongzi and running are the two most important activities of the Dragon Boat Festival, both of which are related to dragons. Zongzi is often stolen by mosquitoes and dragons when it is thrown into the water, while dragon boats are used for competitions. (2) The relationship between Tudu and ancient wuyue is particularly deep. Besides, Wuyue people have the custom of tattooing constantly to be "like a dragon". (3) The ancient folk custom of using "colored silk to tie arms" on the fifth day of May should be a relic of the tattoo custom of "Ru Long".

Fourth, the theory of evil days.

In the pre-Qin period, it was generally believed that May was a poisonous month and the 5th was an evil day. Midsummer in Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals stipulates that people should abstain from sex and fast in May. "Xia Zheng Xiao" records: "Store medicine this day to get rid of poisonous gas." It is recorded in "Da Dai Li" that "the livestock orchid is a bath on May 5", and there are many legends that the fifth day is a taboo day for bathing to exorcise evil spirits. The famous Meng Changjun in Historical Records and Biography of Meng Changjun was born on May 5th. His father asked his mother not to give birth to him, thinking that "a child born in May is longer than a family, which is not good for his parents." "Custom Pass" was lost. "It is said that on May 5th, a child was born, and the male harmed his father and the female harmed his mother". Wang Chong, the author of Lun Heng, also described: "The first month and May are taboo; Killing father and mother in the first month and May is not allowed. " Wang Zhene, a general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was born on the fifth day of May. His grandfather named him Zhen Xie. Song Huizong Evonne was born on May 5th, and was put in foster care outside the palace since he was a child. It can be seen that it is a common phenomenon to regard the fifth day of May as an evil day in ancient times. It can be seen that this day has been an unlucky day since the pre-Qin period. In this way, it is logical to insert calamus and mugwort leaves to exorcise ghosts, smoke atractylodes rhizome and angelica dahurica and drink realgar wine to avoid the epidemic on this day.

Five, summer solstice said

Liu Deqian, who holds this view, put forward three main reasons in the Origin of Dragon Boat Festival and China Traditional Festivals: (1) The authoritative book Jingchu Sui Ji did not mention the festival custom of eating zongzi on the fifth day of May, but it was written on the summer solstice. As for Du Jing, Du Taiqing's Collection of Jade Candles in the Sui Dynasty listed it as an entertainment activity from the summer solstice, which shows that it was not necessarily to salvage Qu Yuan, a great poet who threw himself into the river. (2) Some contents in the custom of Dragon Boat Festival, such as "stepping on a hundred herbs", "fighting a hundred herbs" and "picking herbs", have nothing to do with Qu Yuan. (3) The first explanation of the Dragon Boat Festival in "Beautiful Scenery at the Age of Years" is: "The sun is shining, and the Dragon Boat Festival is in midsummer, so it can also be called midsummer festival. Therefore, the earliest origin of the noon festival is the summer solstice. There are many controversies, and the theory of commemorating Qu Yuan has the most extensive influence. Because of Qu Yuan's outstanding personality and art, people are willing to attribute this anniversary to him.

Other knowledge of the Dragon Boat Festival The origin and custom of eating zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival.

Legend has it that after Qu Yuan's death, the people of Chu were very sad and flocked to the Miluo River to pay homage to Qu Yuan. The fisherman paddled the boat and fished for his real body back and forth on the river. A fisherman took out rice balls, eggs and other food for Qu Yuan and threw them into the river "plop, plop", saying that ichthyosaurs, shrimps and crabs would not bite Dr Qu's body when they were full, and people followed suit. An old doctor took an altar of realgar wine and poured it into the river, saying that he would stun the dragon water beast with drugs to avoid hurting Dr. Qu. Later, fearing that rice balls would be eaten by dragons, people came up with the idea of wrapping rice with neem leaves and then wrapping colored silk outside to develop zongzi. Later, on the fifth day of May every year, there were customs such as dragon boat racing, eating zongzi and drinking realgar wine to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan.

What should I pay attention to when eating zongzi?

Zongzi is mostly made of glutinous rice, which has high viscosity and is not easy to digest, and lacks fiber and contains too much fat, salt and sugar. An ordinary bacon zongzi contains about a bowl of rice and about 400 to 500 calories. Therefore, experts suggest that women should not eat more than three zongzi a day, and men should not eat more than five. While eating zongzi, vegetables and fruits can help the peristalsis of the stomach and avoid gastrointestinal indigestion caused by eating zongzi. In addition, don't eat zongzi two hours before going to bed, and don't touch cool fruits such as watermelons, so as not to cause diarrhea or abdominal pain.

Who shouldn't eat zongzi?

Zongzi is not suitable for everyone, and experts also advise some people not to eat it.

Patients with cardiovascular diseases: There are many kinds of zongzi, among which meat zongzi, lard zongzi and bean paste zongzi are rich in fat and belong to greasy food. People with hypertension, hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease eat too much, which will increase blood viscosity, affect blood circulation, increase heart burden and ischemia, and induce angina pectoris and myocardial infarction.

Old people and children: Zongzi are mostly made of glutinous rice, which is sticky. If the elderly and children eat too much, it is easy to cause indigestion and the resulting symptoms such as hyperacidity, bloating, abdominal pain and diarrhea.

Patients with gastrointestinal diseases: steamed zongzi will release a gelatinous substance, which will increase the load of digestive enzymes after eating.

Diabetic patients: Zongzi often contains red dates and red bean paste with high sugar content, which are usually mixed with sugar. If not controlled, it will damage the function of islet, make the patient's blood sugar and urine sugar rise rapidly, aggravate the condition, and even appear coma and poisoning.

What are the "five poisons" of the Dragon Boat Festival?

Scorpion, snake, centipede, gecko, toad.

What is the "Huang Wu" of the Dragon Boat Festival?

There is a folk custom in the south of the Yangtze River to eat "Huang Wu" on the Dragon Boat Festival. The "Huang Wu" is cucumber, eel, yellow croaker, realgar wine and salted duck egg yolk.

Why do you want to eat salted duck egg yolk during the Dragon Boat Festival?

In order to drive away the "five poisons", people use five kinds of red dishes to symbolize the blood of the five poisons. When they eat them, they will scare away monsters, that is, eat five reds, and the red oil in salted duck egg yolk is one of them.

Qu Yuan's surname is not Qu. What's his last name?

Qu Yuan, a poet and politician of Chu State during the Warring States Period in China, was a native of Zigui, Danyang, Chu State, and a descendant of Qu Xian, the son of Xiong Tong, Chu Wuwang. Qu Yuan's surname is actually Mi. Sima Qian said in Biographies of Qu Yuan: "Qu Yuan is as famous as Chu." The word is original, the cloud name is correct, and the word is spiritual. The surname of the monarch of Chu is Mi, and Qu is Qu Yuan's surname. At that time, surnames and surnames were separated.

The origin of drinking realgar wine on Dragon Boat Festival

Realgar wine is brewed from realgar powder. Realgar is a traditional Chinese medicine, which can be used as an antidote and insecticide. Therefore, the ancients believed that the corrosive realgar could inhibit snakes, scorpions and other pests. "Good can kill all poisons, eliminate all evils, cure all poisons, and be respected. Tigers and wolves lurk in the mountains and enter the Sichuan water to avoid all poisons."

The Dragon Boat Festival coincides with the turn of spring and summer, and it is the peak of the breeding of mosquitoes, flies and other pests. Therefore, people have a tradition of inserting wormwood and drinking realgar wine to ward off evil spirits and prevent epidemic since ancient times. Therefore, the ancients not only scattered realgar powder in mosquito breeding places, but also drank realgar wine to pray for ward off evil spirits and keep themselves from getting sick.

Dragon Boat Festival Ancient Games

Dragon Boat Festival is an ancient sports meeting. From ancient times to the present, the customs of the Dragon Boat Festival are mostly related to sports. The dragon boat race in the south is held on the Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of May. Every county, county and village organizes dragon boat races every year. At the end of the stadium, colored poles are inserted, and brocade is usually hung on the colored poles, which is called "Biao", and the winner is the winner.

There are many participants in shooting willow, fighting grass and polo in the north. The so-called willow shooting is a game similar to archery on horseback to see who can shoot; Polo is very similar to modern polo. Weeding is a game that children often play, and it is also very particular. There are so-called literary fights and so-called warfare. Therefore, the atmosphere of the ancient Dragon Boat Festival is just like the National Games.