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According to the data found in Dunhuang, due to the proliferation of sexual customs, the Tang people produced a series of courtship methods for women to men and men to women, which are called obsequiousness. From today's point of view, some of these practices seem to have certain scientific truth, but some are quite bizarre. For example, Bo 26 10's Secret Law of Women's Marriage, in which "Yi" and "Gui" are homonyms, meaning blessing; "Married person" is a married man. The title of Bo 26 10 means how a married man prays for a woman's love.

The first is how a married woman can get her husband's love when she can't get it. From the perspective of Dunhuang manuscripts, there are four ways:

1. "Where his husband loves, he takes red and itchy feet. When he goes out with his husband and wife, he loves his wife." In other words, a woman tickles her husband's navel barefoot to make him happy.

2. "whoever wants his husband to be respected, take his thumb nails, burn them to ashes, and then send them with wine." That is to say, burn her husband's thumb nails to ashes and drink them in wine to show her respect for her husband and win her love.

3. "If you want your husband to love and respect you, this woman will take 27 hairs from her head, burn them to ashes, and then test them with wine." This is a woman pulling out her two lower eyelashes, burning them to ashes and drinking them in wine in order to impress her husband with this slightly bitter plan.

4. "If you want your husband to love you, just five inches above the mud door, you will be afraid of your husband." In other words, if a woman wants her husband's love, she must take out the soil within five inches of her door, and then she can get magic and win her husband's respect and love.

Men's courtship mainly refers to how unmarried men pursue unmarried women, and also includes how married men seek extramarital affairs to supplement their sexual dissatisfaction. These methods are as follows:

1. "If you want women to love and respect, take peach branches from the southeast the next day, then make a Woodenhead, use the title of the book, install it in the toilet, and then check it."

This mainly means that the husband can't get his wife's love and thinks that his wife is possessed by ghosts. On the first day of a month, he can make a Woodenhead with peach branches in the auspicious direction in the southeast, write down the woman's name and put it in the toilet, and then he can get the woman's love. Because ghosts are afraid of the filth of peach trees and toilets, if they do, ghosts will run away.

2. "Anyone who wants a woman to love, take Gengzi Day, the name of the book girl, Fiona Fang GG, has no owner, that is."

This refers to a young man courting a girl, writing down the girl's name and posting it somewhere on the auspicious day of Gengzi Day. If a girl has no master, she can be got.

3. "If a man wants to have sex with a woman, he will get the woman's name on Gengzi Day and his abdomen will be sealed."

In other words, if a man wants to have sex with a woman, it is also on the day of Gengzi. He writes the woman's name on paper and sticks it on his stomach, and he can get it in less than ten days.

4. "If a man wants a woman to love him, he will burn 20 female heads to ashes and then test them with wine."

5. "Every man who wants to have sex with a woman, uses a woman's name, burns it to ashes, and serves wine, will be tested immediately."

This article is similar to the first article, but the first article is mainly applicable to couples, and this article is mainly used for extramarital affairs.

6. "If a man wants to have sex with a woman, he will burn his right armpit hair and nails to ashes on Gengzi Day."

This is a painful plan, having an affair with a woman and ruining her hair and nails.

7. "If you want a woman to love you, take bitter poplar and Underhill, burn them to ashes, and then take them with wine, and you will be tested."

Burn bitter poplars and eyelashes under your eyelids and drink them in wine, just like the last one.

8. "If you want a woman to love herself, take a peach branch from the southeast and put it in the toilet, and test it immediately."

This one is similar to the first one, just to make women love themselves.

Of course, obsequiousness not only existed in the Tang Dynasty, but also was recorded in many ancient books around the Tang Dynasty. For example, in the Han Dynasty, the popular kitsch was to take a bath on "Purple Day". In ancient China, the date was marked by branches, and every 12 day was a "sub-day". When a woman bathes in "Purple Sun", it is obvious that she sympathizes with her husband. For example, Wang Chong's Lun Heng said: "Mu Shu said: Zi Ri Mu is lovely."

In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, women thought that men could get pleasure by eating grass or the fruit of grass. Natural History included the daughter of Zhanshan the Great and turned it into a grass. Its leaves are lush, its flowers are yellow, and it is as solid as a bean. The server is charming. There is a similar saying in Shan Hai Jing: "Gu Shan, the emperor's daughter died, and her name is' female corpse'. It turned into beautiful grass, and its leaves turned yellow, actually like a mound, which fascinated people." Interestingly, these obsequious techniques are also associated with some myths and legends. People think that the function of this herb is caused by the spirit of Yan Di's daughter Yao Ji.

At that time, Shu Mei's drugs were also introduced from plants to animals, insects and fish. It is said that eating cuckoo's brain bones is suitable for couples. It may be that there is some kind of sex hormone in cuckoo's brain, which is enough to stimulate excitement.

In ancient China, the five elements of Yin and Yang divided everything including people into two categories: Yin and Yang, male as Yang and female as Yin.

It also combines 72 cycles, 360 days, southeast, northwest, middle and all the year round, so everything in the world has the dynamic characteristics of yin and yang and five elements. The ancients believed that the harmony between men and women depends on whether the two sides are harmonious. Based on this principle, Li Shizhen, a famous doctor in the Ming Dynasty, thought that the genitals of male rats had the best charm-generating function from the corresponding relationship between twelve o'clock and the zodiac (rats are the image of twelve o'clock earthly branches, representing the extremely yin "rustic"). However, the technique of dissection is very strict. When a child is born on 1 1 month or 1 February, May 5, July 7 and the first month1day, the genitals of male mice must be placed in a blue bag and tied on their arms according to the principle of male left (male) and female right (female). "People are happy when they see it. They want what they want."

In the Qing Dynasty, obsequiousness continued. "The Secret Garden of Continuation of Ancient and Modern Times" contains the "Beauty Acacia Method" cloud: "A pair of lovesickness insects are brittle on the fire, and the crotch cloth of men and women is burnt to ashes, and one third is frozen. This is the end, and it is eaten in tea and rice, and then the young age of the maid is pressed under the table, and then Jiraiya."

Most of the above methods are a superstition of the ancients, who believe that sex is mysterious, so it should be solved by mysterious methods. They also believe that it is a disease that men and women can't get each other's love, and this disease should also be solved by drugs, and hair, nails, peach branches, bitter poplar and grass are all traditional Chinese medicines that can cure diseases. These problems involve medicine, psychology and witchcraft, all of which are based on sexual customs and exclude the shackles of feudal ethics. From this point of view, it seems to have certain progressive significance.

However, as can be seen from the above, there are many obsessions, while others are totally witchcraft. Since the Tang Dynasty, the development of obsequiousness has gradually moved towards witchcraft. At that time, people often used witchcraft to protect peace, seek children, courtship and treat diseases. Sticking, burning and swallowing symbols is another method, which is often used between husband and wife's beds and is also very popular among Dunhuang people. Gao Guofan cited many examples in Dunhuang folklore: the appearance of the above phenomenon has a lot to do with Taoism. Different from the Yin-Yang school and the Five Elements school, Taoism believes that people's subjective magic can affect the personnel in heaven, so their main obsessions are painting and cursing, such as the "harmony spell" that can make the two sexes love each other, and the "brother hunting spell" that is specially used to secretly love women. Clients can "get what they want" as long as they put the spell drawn by the wizard on the worshiped person or let him drink it. In the biography of Tang Gaozong Di, it is recorded that two concubines were jealous of each other. One of them asked the wizard for help, and the wizard gave her a spell, telling her to put it secretly in her husband's sole and he would love her.

This kind of symbol is called "the symbol of harmony", which is recorded in the Notes of Wan Fa Ji and the Grand View of Effective Symbols.

There are many descriptions in Qi Jinmei, which is called a picture of secular life in Ming Dynasty. Among them, there is a kind of back-to-back flattery, that is, women make men change their minds. Pan Jinlian, who fell in love with Ximen Qing, once asked Liu, a quack doctor, to "carry her back". The method is to use a willow to carve the appearance of men and women, write down their birth dates, tie them together with 7749 red lines, put a piece of red gauze on the "man's" eyes, plug his heart with wormwood, pin his hands, glue his feet, and then secretly put them in the pillow of a man who has changed his mind.

The above explanation is mainly about women's witchcraft to men, and witchcraft that confuses men and women also exists at the same time. Zhang Bei, a native of A Jin, said in the book Zi Zhi Tong Jian: "The moon is at home, and the woman lingers." Note: "Take women's monthly water (that is, menstrual period) cloth and burn it to ashes. When a woman comes, she has to step a little threshold and can't get through. " In "Jane Yizhi" written by Hong Mai in Song Dynasty, there is a story of maoshan taoist performing "Jade Girl Divination" in the middle of the night and raping a girl with yellow flowers in a secret room. Ji Xiaolan's Notes on Yuewei Cottage in Qing Dynasty also mentioned that "the Lama of the Red Sect has the skill of calling women".

In ancient China, hair was often attached with various superstitious colors, believing that foot hair could exorcise ghosts and hair could win. For example, there is such an episode in Huang Jinmei: Ximen Qing can't stand the demands of Li Guijie, a prostitute, and goes home to cheat Pan Jinlian's hair to Li Guijie. Li Guijie "secretly covers a woman's hair under the sole and steps on it every day". Since then, Pan Jinlian has "a headache and nausea and can't eat" every day.

These things are absurd, of course, but they reflect that ancient women were attached to men, so they tried their best to win the favor of men, while some men tried their best to possess some women to play with, which showed the picture of the relationship between men and women in ancient China from one side.