Brief Introduction of Liukeng Village, Lean County, Jiangxi Province

Liukeng Village, known as "the first village in the ages", is located on the banks of Wujiang River in the southeast of Tian Niu Town, Lean County, Jiangxi Province, surrounded by green hills, surrounded by rivers on three sides and beautiful mountains and rivers, in Zhong Ling. At present, the village 1.28 million households with 5,600 people, 3,572 mu of cultivated land and 53,400 mu of mountainous area, and the village area is 3.6 1 square kilometer, making it one of the best big villages in the county.

Liukeng Village has an ancient and proud history and a highly developed civilization. The village was built in the first year of the Southern Tang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties (937-943), originally belonging to Yongfeng County, Jizhou, and was transferred to Le 'an County, Fuzhou in the Southern Song Dynasty. It has a history of 1000 years. This village, mostly surnamed Dong, is a blood-related village with a single surname in Dongshi. Dong Shi respected Dong Zhongshu, the founder of the Western Han University, and recognized Dong Jin, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty. According to genealogy records, during the war in the late Tang Dynasty, Dong Jin's grandson Dong Qingran moved from Anhui to Yihuang County, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province, and his great-grandson Dong He moved to Liukeng and became the founder of Liukeng. Song Dynasty is one of the most glorious periods in Liukeng history. The East worships Buddhism and prospers with Kodi, becoming a typical Jiangnan family. Sometimes it has the reputation of "five scholars in one door, four ministers in two dynasties, both civil and military, and scholars like stars" and "the hometown of Ou (Ouyang Xiu) Dong (Liukeng Dong Shi)". In the Yuan Dynasty, the soldiers were killed and the village was destroyed. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, people of insight in the village followed in the footsteps of their ancestors, set up education and schools, built temples with music, and developed bamboo and wood trade, which made Liukeng Village prosperous again. From the early Song Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty, there were books and libraries in the village, including 26 in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty and 28 in the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty. There are 65,438 scholars, 34 scholars and 78 people in the village. There are more than 100 people who have entered the official career, from political history books to master books. There are only four villages in Jiangxi province with more than 30 Jinshi, and Liukeng Village is the only ancient village with such well-preserved cultural relics, which is really rare. Xu Xiake, a traveler in the Ming Dynasty, once traveled to Liukeng Village and praised it: "It is a city of thousands of households, with five crowns in the east." (See Xu Xiake's Travels, page 147, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House. ) The "Wuguifang" mentioned here is a memorial archway built to commemorate the grand occasion that five Dong Shi entered the imperial examination at the same time in the first year of Song Renzong Jingyou (1034). The history of "five returns to seven parties" is rare and can be described as a privilege. For thousands of years, the prosperity of Liukeng Imperial Examination, the popularity of officials, the worship of titles, the richness of commerce, the integrity of architecture, the beauty of art, the huge family and the long time are unique in Jiangxi and rare in the whole country.

Liukeng Village is a microcosm of the feudal patriarchal society in China. In the long years of 1000 years, Liukeng Dongshi relied on the strict feudal clan system to unite all ethnic groups, maintain order and develop steadily. Traces of feudal clan activities can be seen everywhere in the village, especially many versions of genealogy and ancestral halls all over the village, which are rare cultural landscapes. At present, there are 3 genealogies of Wanli ten years in Ming Dynasty, more than 20 versions of genealogies of houses in Qing Dynasty, and 58 ancestral temples. The site of the Grand Ancestral Hall is a must. Five granite pillars with a height of 8 meters and a diameter of 0 .7 meters stand out impressively, and are called the "Yuanmingyuan" of Liukeng.

Liukeng is famous for its large-scale traditional architecture and unique village layout. In the mid-Ming Dynasty, under the planning and construction of the clansmen, the village formed eight streets with seven horizontal (east-west direction) and one vertical (north-south direction). Clans live in the alley according to their families, and there are gatehouses in the alley, which are surrounded by village walls. The roadway is paved with pebbles and has a good drainage system. There are more than 260 ancient buildings and sites of Ming and Qing dynasties in the village, including 19 buildings and sites of Ming dynasty, 18 important buildings, 14 cultural buildings such as book houses, 5 memorial archways, 48 ancestral halls and 8 temples. There are also 32 ancient wells, wind and rain pavilions, docks, ancient bridges, ancient tombs and ancient pagodas. The ancient buildings in the village are all brick and wood structures, one and a half stories high, and the pattern is mostly two entrances and one patio, which is simple and concise, but the architectural decoration is very exquisite, integrating wood, brick, stone carving (engraving), color painting and ink painting, with exquisite craftsmanship. Brick-carved murals of finches (Jue), deer (deer), bees (phoenix) and monkeys (Hou) in Huaide Hall in Ming Dynasty and the "unicorn looking at the sun" sculpture embedded in the zhaobi of Yongxiang Hall are all fine works. There are plaques in the halls of hundreds of families, couplets beside the doors, and many titles and place names engraved on the doors and walls, accounting for 682 square meters. These couplets have their origins, rich connotations and far-reaching artistic conception, which show the master's life experience, family glory, Confucian traditional moral thought, or the beautiful situation of "harmony between man and nature". The ancient buildings in Liukeng Village have strong local characteristics, representing the typical Jiangxi-style residential style and characteristics, covering an area of nearly 70,000 square meters, basically well preserved and complete in groups. Streets and alleys are still traditional, with high historical value, humanistic value and environmental and architectural artistic value.

Liukeng Village is a classic of ancient village culture, a pearl in China classical residential buildings and one of the few treasures of human civilization.

1In the autumn of 990, Zhou Luanshu, a famous historian in Jiangxi Province, visited Liukeng and wrote the article "A First Visit to Liukeng Village", which unveiled this long-hidden classical village and made it public. Many years later, he organized experts and scholars to inspect and investigate Liukeng, and wrote books such as "A Village Through the Ages-Historical and Cultural Investigation of Liukeng". 1996 In the early winter, Luo Hezheng, a famous national expert on cultural relics and ancient buildings, visited Liukeng Village. The first sentence when they met was "Meet each other late", and they thought Liukeng Village was "an important discovery of cultural relics protection and historical and cultural areas in China". In June of the same year165438+1October 19, the headline of Guangming Daily published the article "Liukeng, a Millennium Ancient Village in Jiangxi, the epitome of ancient civilization in China", which caused a nationwide sensation. Comrade Li, then member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and State Councilor, immediately gave important instructions, which made the protection of Liukeng Village highly valued and supported by the people's governments of National Cultural Heritage Administration and Jiangxi Province and the Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau. At the beginning of August, 1997, Zhang Wenbin, director of National Cultural Heritage Administration, made a special trip to Liukeng Village and spoke highly of Liukeng Ancient Village. He said: "The history of Liukeng Village lasted from the Five Dynasties to the Qing Dynasty. Its long duration, high historical value, academic value and artistic value, exquisite architectural art, complete preservation and rich cultural connotation are probably unmatched by ancient villages in other parts of China." "You can declare the national key cultural relics protection units, and you can also declare the World Cultural Heritage List in the future". And wrote an inscription for Liukeng: "The first village in the ages". On August 22nd of the same year, the People's Government of Jiangxi Province specially approved Liukeng Village as a historical and cultural protection area in Jiangxi Province, and announced 2 1 ancient buildings as provincial-level cultural relics protection units. In June, 20001year, Liukeng Village was announced as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units. From June to 10, 2003, Liukeng Village was rated as the first batch of famous Chinese historical and cultural villages.

Over the years, in accordance with the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Cultural Relics and other laws and regulations, we have carried out the policy of "protection first, rescue first, rational utilization and strengthening management" in cultural relics work, and earnestly done a good job in the protection, management and development and utilization of cultural relics in Liukeng ancient village. We asked the School of Architecture of Tsinghua University to draw up the Protection Plan of Liukeng Ancient Village in Lean County, Jiangxi Province, which protected the ancient village by zoning (key protected areas, general protected areas and building control areas) and grading (provincial and county cultural relics protection units, fine buildings and general protected buildings), and completed the "four possessions" declaration of 33 provincial and county cultural relics protection units according to the requirements of superiors, and did a solid job in museums and secret museums. According to the relevant laws and regulations, combined with the actual situation of Liukeng Village, we formulated the Regulations on the Protection and Management of Cultural Relics in Liukeng Village of Le 'an County, which strengthened the protection and management of cultural relics and historic sites in the village according to law. We adhere to the sense of innovation, constantly explore new ways for the protection, development and utilization of cultural relics in ancient villages, adopt the method of combining ideological education, villagers' autonomy and interest-driven, mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties, and conscientiously do all the work in ancient villages. We insist on rational utilization and prosperity of cultural tourism in ancient villages. The village has opened a half-day tour of 12 scenic spots, set up a Liukeng cultural relics exhibition hall, and launched tourism projects such as Nuo dance art performance and Wujiang River rafting. The road was repaired with hardened pavement, which solved the problem of difficulty in entering the village; Program-controlled telephones and mobile phones were opened, which solved the problem of poor communication; Manage the village environment, train tour guides, and organize the production and sales of various tourist commodities. Cultural relics protection and tourism in Liukeng ancient village are booming. At present, we are vigorously applying for the world cultural heritage of Liukeng Ancient Village.

The development prospect of Liukeng Village is very broad. The village can not only carry out colorful cultural tourism activities, but also have the majestic, steep and secluded Zhu Jin Waterfall and the natural Shiqiao Ancient Temple in the upper and lower reaches of Wujiang River. There are more than 10 miles of camphor tree forest belts on both sides of Wujiang River, which are winding, towering old trees and elegant environment, making it an ideal holiday resort. Wujiang River is crystal clear, with rapids and dangerous beaches, and can carry out various forms of drifting activities. After the development and construction in recent years, Liukeng-Zhu Jin scenic spot has become a provincial scenic spot, and Liukeng Village is becoming a beautiful tourist attraction. Le 'an people warmly welcome friends from all walks of life to Liukeng for sightseeing, leisure and vacation. Welcome everyone to Liukeng to show their grand plans, start new businesses and invest in the protection, construction and tourism development of Liukeng ancient village!