The Historical Origin of Linchuan Culture

The formation of a regional culture first has its historical origin. Linchuan was built nearly 2000 years ago, and Cheng Nan was built before Linchuan, but Linchuan is the earliest and longest county, state and government, and Linchuan is the closest to the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. There is a blessed Magu Mountain in Chengnan. Many bureaucrats and scholars have visited it and written poems, but their activity centers and work places are all in Linchuan. In particular, the combination of cultural orientation and spirit and the historical process of cultural thoughts have brought the cultural attributes of Fuzhou into the category of Linchuan culture.

Linchuan was founded in the eighth year of Yongyuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty, that is, in 96 AD. Today, in addition to the discovery of more than 50 Han groups, more than 80,000 square meters of Shang Dynasty sites have been discovered in Mopan Nao, Yangpo Stone, Rapi Stone and Luochengling in Jinping. Therefore, from the perspective of studying culture, Linchuan's cultural resources and spiritual strength will greatly exceed its construction time. Linchuan Cultural District has a long history. Summer is located in Yangzhou. The Spring and Autumn Period was the land of Baiyue. During the Warring States period, it belonged to Chu. Qin belongs to Jiujiang County, Yangzhou. The Han Dynasty changed Jiujiang County to Zhang Yu County. In the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu, Nancheng County was built, which was subordinate to Zhangyu County. In the eighth year of Yongyuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty, a part of Cheng Nan was located in Linru County, which was ruled by Linchuan Ancient City and still belonged to Zhangyu County. During the Three Kingdoms period, it was Emperor Wu. In the second year of Wu Taiping (AD 257), Linchuan County was established, and the county was located in Linru County. Jin Dynasty and Southern Dynasty were in the same period. When Liang Chen was in power in the Southern Dynasties, Bashan County was added to today's counties such as Chongren, Fengcheng, Yongfeng and Xingan. Linchuan County belonged to Jiangzhou at the beginning, and it belonged to Gaozhou with Bashan County when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. In the ninth year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (AD 589), the abandoned county expanded to the state, and parts of Linchuan County and Bashan County were located in Fuzhou, which was under the jurisdiction of Hongzhou Governor's Department, hence the name Fuzhou. Fuzhou in Tang Dynasty belonged to Jiangnan West Road. In the Five Dynasties, it belonged to Yang Wu and was promoted to Zhao Wujun. Since the Song Dynasty, it has been divided into Fuzhou Army and Jianchang Army, which belong to Jiangnan West Road. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was changed to Fuzhou Road and Jianchang Road, and Nanfeng House was located separately, all belonging to Jiangxi Province. In the twenty-third year of Yuan Zhizheng (AD 1363), Fuzhou Road was changed to Linchuan House, and it was later renamed as Fuzhou House. In February of the same year, Jianchang Road was promoted to Zhao County House, and it was changed to Jianchang House in September. At the beginning of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, there were Fuzhou Prefecture and Jianchang Prefecture, and Nanfeng Jiangzhou was the county, which belonged to Jianchang Prefecture, all of which belonged to Hu Si East Road, the political envoy of Jiangxi Province. In the Qing Dynasty, it was still called Fuzhou Prefecture and Jianchang Prefecture, and it belonged to Funan Road. 1930 to 1934, Lichuan, Zixi, Guangchang, Nanfeng, Yihuang and Le 'an successively established Soviet regimes, separating Fujian and Jiangxi provinces in the Soviet area. 1In July, 932, the Pogan area in Dongxiang also established the Soviet regime, belonging to the northeast Jiangxi province of the Soviet area. 1949 On May 9, China People's Liberation Army liberated Fuzhou. On July 6, 1, Fuzhou Special Zone was established, and the office of the Inspector General of Jiangxi Fuzhou Special Zone was located in Linchuan City. 1950 September 13, Fuzhou changed to Fuzhou District. 1August, 952, renamed Fuzhou District. 1March 1967 changed to Fuzhou area. 1February, 968, renamed Fuzhou District. 197 1 year 65438+1October 22nd, it was changed to Fuzhou area again, belonging to Jiangxi province. On July 23rd, 1983, Guangchang County was assigned to Fuzhou area. September 30 1983 Jinxian County was incorporated into Nanchang City. So far, Fuzhou has jurisdiction over Fuzhou and Linchuan, Chongren, Yihuang, Lean, Cheng Nan, Nanfeng, Guangchang, Lichuan, Zixi, Jinxi, Dongxiang 1 1 counties.

Linchuan has a prosperous style of writing since ancient times, and talented people come forth in large numbers. As early as the Tang Dynasty, Wang Bo expressed his sincere admiration in his masterpiece Preface to Wang Tengting. To the Song Dynasty, due to the brilliant imperial examination, Dong Zhen, a famous scholar, praised it as the hometown of talents, which was commonly known as the hometown of talents among the people. Linchuan has experienced the Jin Dynasty, the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Sui Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty since the Eastern Han Dynasty. Due to historical opportunities, great calligraphers Wang Xizhi and Yan Zhenqing, poets Xie Lingyun and Dai Shulun, poets Ji, writers, literary critics Zhong Rong and scholars Du You all served here, which had a positive impact on the development of Linchuan culture. It was the imperial examination system in Song Dynasty that led to the surge of Linchuan talents. From Song Taizong Taiping Xingguo four years to Song Duzong Xianyou Linchuan eight years, there are 129 people admitted to the diploma course, 205 people admitted to Gong's, 525 people admitted to it, and 446 people admitted to Jinshi. Into the tenth middle school, North Song Dynasty 138, accounting for 32.58%; There were 308 people in the Southern Song Dynasty, accounting for 67.42%. The number of people on the list is among the best in Jiangxi counties. In particular, Jiading enrolled 12 students in sixteen years, Baoqing enrolled 18 students in two years, and Xianchun enrolled 22 students in the first year, accounting for 4%, 6% and 7.33% of the total enrollment in China respectively. Confucian scholars called it a beautiful talk, but officials dismissed it and shook the ruling and opposition parties, calling Linchuan a "hometown of talents." (Dong Zhen: "East Issue of Japanese Banknotes")

In the Song Dynasty, Linchuan people passed the imperial examination to become officials. Two officials are prime ministers, two pretend to be our ambassadors, four officials worship imperial history, 17 officials are ministers and assistant ministers, and 10 officials are prefects and secretariat officials, all of which have made remarkable achievements. Yan Shu, Yan and Wang Anshi, in particular, are outstanding figures in Linchuan. At the same time, there were,, (known as Linchuan Three Kings in history), Xie Yi, Xie Yi (known as Linchuan Two Xie in history),, (known as Linchuan Two Wei in history), Chen (known as Linchuan Two Chen in history) and Wang Ge, Rao Jie and Yu Guobao. According to Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua, Fu Zhai Man Lu is quoted: Xie Wuyi, Linchuan in Yuan Dynasty, passed by Guanshan Village Inn in Huangzhou, and met scholars such as Hubei Wang, Jiangsu Zhu, Zhejiang Shan and Fujian Zhang. Four people all know that it is from Linchuan, and the play is based on' Cao Zhi's seven steps to become a poem, and the king's seven steps to become a word'. Five steps to escape, the word into, the book "Jiangchengzi" lost in the wall; Ke Hua Village Pavilion is covered with wine flags, which are water-soluble and red, with wild boats and strong willows. Looking at the mountains in the south of the Yangtze River, people are far away and the grass is empty. In the sunset, the smoke cage upstairs is fragrant and pale. Remember to meet on the drawings after the New Year. Only Guanshan tonight, thousands of miles away, is the same as Su Guang. "Peugeot depends on water and has a wonderful feeling, so it is famous for its' five steps'. Xie Yi, Xie Li, Wang Ge and Rao Jie are also called Linchuan Four Masters of Jiangxi Poetry School. Rao Jie was also praised as the first poet and the first monk by poet Lu You. Deng has been engaged in academic research all his life, and has written more than 370 volumes such as Spring and Autumn Annals, History of Spring and Autumn Annals and Dialectics of Ancient and Modern Surnames Books. His achievements in the study of surnames are particularly high.

A dazzling star rose in Linchuan in the Southern Song Dynasty, that is, a generation of famous doctor Chen. He is good at summing up the experience of predecessors and wrote 24 volumes of Women's Prescriptions, becoming the pioneer and founder of TCM obstetrics and gynecology. Dare to innovate, advocate surgical external application and oral administration, and treat according to syndrome differentiation; Dare to break through the forbidden zone and take the lead in observing and studying Ru Yan (breast cancer), which has made great contributions to the development of Chinese medicine.

The only famous figures in Linchuan in Yuan Dynasty were Xi Hong, a famous acupuncturist, Zhang Shao, a legal expert and Zhu Siben, a geographer. Linchuan talents in Ming Dynasty quickly stepped out of the trough and prospered again. 2 13 people were admitted to the Guo Jian diploma, 364 people were admitted to Gong's, 302 people were admitted to the provincial examination, and 166 people entered the imperial examination. After passing the examination, 383 people have been admitted as officials, including 4 royal officials, 4 governors 1 person, 8 assistant ministers, 3 political envoys, 27 prefects, 2 prefects1person, 65,438 general commanders, and as many as 65,438 tongzhi and prefects. The number of civil servants is 2.9 times that of 130 in Song Dynasty. Among the officials, there are central and local officials; There are civil servants and military commanders; There are internal affairs and meals; There are righteous people and ministers. Compared with the' Song Dynasty', the collection and diversity of talent structure are even worse. (Li Yi: Preface to Linchuan County Records). Before them were Ai Nanying, Chen, Luo Wanzao and Zhang Shichun. They are well-read and knowledgeable, and their articles are all the rage. They are the four great talents in Jiangnan. Qiu is also known as the three famous people. Qiu Zuoshi is quick-thinking and uses words to make sentences, which can often turn decay into magic and create new things. Zhu's article is taught by Wang Anshi, with strong bones and strange posture, extensive and profound; Shuai Ji wrote two poems (Ode to the Western Xia and Ode to Lectures) and one poem (Ode to the North and South Beijing), which won the appreciation of Ming Shenzong and was copied by officials and ministers, and the paper was expensive. Tang Xianzu was an outstanding dramatist in Ming Dynasty. His masterpieces Purple Hairpin, Rebirth, Conan and Handan are called Linchuan Four Dreams. For more than 300 years, it has been praised and played for a long time. Peony Pavilion has been translated into Japanese, German, French, English and Russian. In the fields of history and astronomy, the stars are also dazzling. Xu Fenpeng, a famous historian of literature and history, spent half his life writing 20 volumes of Tongzhi, which can be compared with Tongzhi Bamboo Slips. After it was spread to Japan, it was regarded as George's panacea and prescription for rejuvenating the country, which played a certain role in the Meiji Restoration. Wu Hao, a famous astronomer, corrected the mistakes of the old armillary sphere through careful observation, precise calculation and repeated experiments, and made a new armillary sphere with more accurate star position, and its manufacturing technology reached the advanced level in the world at that time. In the Ming Dynasty, Linchuan also produced many upright and patriotic people. Fu Chaoyou, a minister who once lost power and influence, hated evil and wrote six letters to impeach Zhou Yanru and Wen Style Ren. Zhu, a patriotic businessman, lives in Japan and is concerned about his motherland. He risked his life to sneak back to China three times before and after, and secretly reported the military situation, so that the Ming Dynasty made preparations in advance, adjusted its deployment in time, assisted North Korea, and achieved military victory against the Japanese aggressors. Fu Chaoyou insisted on the truth, Zhu suffered hardships and loved his hometown, and gained the reputation of benevolence and righteousness in Linchuan.

During the 300 years since the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, only Linchuan Imperial Examination passed 187, 306 passed Gong Shi, 202 passed Juren, and 1 passed Jinshi. The number of people admitted to Jinshi was 25% in Song Dynasty and 66% in Ming Dynasty. After joining the ranks of officials, 37 people served as officials at the court (3 in the imperial history, 4 in the assistant minister, 8 in the cabinet 10, 8 in imperial academy, in charge of various ministries 12), and 1 person served as local officials (5 in the magistrate, 3 in the magistrate, 3 in the tongzhi and 73 in the magistrate). There were not many senior officials in Linchuan during this period, but most of them showed outstanding performance and attracted worldwide attention. Gu Li, a famous minister, experienced Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, the governor of Lu Zhi, and five members of workers, households, officials, rituals and soldiers, dared to intercede and impeach Tian Wenjing, the governor of Henan Province who was corrupt and perverted the law. Dare to cut the gordian knot, dredge the grain transportation in Jingu, alleviate the grain shortage in Beijing, and achieve remarkable results, and won the praise of Qing Sejong for serving the country. Li Laitai, a gifted scholar, is knowledgeable and writes well. In the eighteenth year of Kangxi, he was a well-read scholar, defeated 70 or 80 cowards from all over the world, and won Gao Kui. When he served as the county magistrate of Yi Hui, Sichuan, he promoted the advantages and eliminated the disadvantages, developed production, and was deeply loved by the local people. Ma, an honest official, was appointed as the magistrate of Licheng County, Shanxi Province, and skillfully broke major cases. Impatience and selflessness, revenge for the victims, known as Ma Qingtian. When Weihan Huang, a patriot, was appointed as the magistrate of Hulan, Jilin Province, he vigorously banned opium poppy and prevented foreign ships from entering the inland river of Hulan, thus protecting people's interests and safeguarding national sovereignty, and was praised by public opinion in Northeast China.

In academic circles, Neo-Confucianism thrives in the south and literature thrives in the north. Li Mi and Ji Dakui are both famous Neo-Confucianism masters in Linchuan South. The former wrote Lu Pu, and Zhu wrote Pu and Lu in his later years, trying to reconcile Zhu's and Lu's theories. The latter is very influential. Calvin, Li Lianyu and Li Ruiqing are great poets of Linchuan North Sect. Calvin, Li Lianyu, literature Han Yu, Ouyang Xiu, swaying; Li Shangyin, a poet, was a brilliant poet in Jiangxi literature at that time. Li Ruiqing is a famous educator and calligrapher in China. He is good at painting with seal script, painting flowers exquisitely and vividly, and painting Buddha is even more lifelike. Japanese painting and calligraphy circles have spared no expense to buy it, which is quite famous in Japan. During the Republic of China, Neo-Confucianism was abolished and new learning was advocated, but only more than 300 people in Linchuan were admitted to universities and technical secondary schools. There are 2 lieutenant generals and 5 major generals in the army; Political Commissioner 2, county magistrate of 14; Academic professors and associate professors 12 people. Some of them are Wan Wu, director of the Northwest Military Department of the Ministry of National Defense, Zhou Fu, director of the Political Department of Sulu Theater, Suichuan, director of the Political Department of the 38th Division, Yang, the county magistrate of Ji 'an, Huang Qiang, a "legislator" of the National Government, Li Delian, secretary-general of the Jiangxi branch of the Communist Youth League, Wu Yangyu, Commissioner of the Seventh Administrative Region, Liang, president of the Jiangxi Provincial High Court, and Ai Huaiyu, mayor of Nanchang. Engaged in science and technology education, there are Wu Yingquan, a professor of commercial law in Peking University, Yi Xilin, a professor of physics in Tsinghua University, Xin Ying, a professor of economics in Sun Yat-sen University, Wan, a blind educator, and Gui, a rural educator. Guiqiao Primary School, founded by Gui, trains talents for Linchuan, Fuzhou, Nanchang, Fengcheng, Dongxiang, Nanfeng, Chongren, Yihuang, Le 'an, Yugan and Gao 'an 13 counties and cities, with peaches and plums all over the world. Zhu Xianfang, a famous textile expert, and Tang, a giant businessman in Sichuan, run industrial and commercial enterprises. Zhu Xianfang has been working in Shanghai Sino-Singapore Cotton Mill for a long time, and is committed to improving textile technology and enhancing the ability to compete with foreign cotton mills. In the future, we will open yarn mills and flour mills in Hankou, Anqing and Jiujiang, and make contributions to the development of national industries, especially the development of light industry in Jiangxi. Tang opened a cloth shop, a mountain products shop and a money house in Chongqing. He was well managed and became a rich man in Sichuan. He was called Tang Million, "Tang Half City, Tang God of Wealth". During this period, many Linchuan youths devoted themselves to the vigorous workers and peasants movement and the anti-Japanese national salvation movement, and a number of revolutionary heroes emerged in history. Mainly: Lev (secretary of the Sichuan Provincial Party Committee and the Military Commission), Fu Daqing (translated as Bao, the general political adviser of Sun Yat-sen, and General Galen, the general military adviser, who was sent to Malaysia as the Minister of the Central Propaganda Department of Ma * * * *), Zhou Zhizhong (female, the Minister of Women's Department of Jiangxi Provincial Committee) and Zhou Shounan (secretary of Linchuan County Committee of the Communist Party of China * * * * *