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Bamboo is a perennial lignified plant in Gramineae. Bamboo sticks are tall and straight, slender, graceful and graceful, with green seasons and proud rain, which are deeply loved by our people. They are known as one of the four gentlemen of "Mei Zhu Lan Ju" and one of Mei Songzhu's three friends. Jiangsu Dafeng is the origin of bamboo, which can be found by searching Dafeng forestry base.

Edit the morphological characteristics and types of this paragraph.

Bamboo is a perennial lignified plant with aboveground stems (bamboo stems) and underground stems (bamboo whips). Bamboo poles are usually cylindrical, rarely quadrangular, and the internodes are connected, often hollow, rarely solid, and the internodes are composed of reeds and rod rings. Branches on each node. There are two kinds of leaves, one is stem and leaf, commonly known as leaves; The other is the vegetative leaf, which is needle-shaped and its size varies with varieties. Bamboo flower is composed of pulp, stamen and pistil. The fruit is mostly caryopsis. Most of bamboo's life is a vegetative growth stage. Once it blooms and bears fruit, all plants will die and complete a life cycle.

According to the growth of underground stems, bamboo plants can be divided into three ecotypes, namely, uniaxial scattered type, combined axis tufted type and combined axis mixed type. There are many kinds of bamboos, including more than 500 in China, most of which can be found in gardens. Common cultivated ornamental bamboos are: Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys bambusa, Bambusa bambusa, etc. Bambusauentricosa and Phyllostachys pubescens, mixed Indocalamus and Phyllostachys pubescens, etc.

Edit the ecological habits of this paragraph.

Most bamboos like warm and humid climate. General annual average temperature 12C ~ 22c, annual precipitation 1000mm ~ 2000mm. Bamboo needs more water than temperature and soil. It should have enough water and a good drainage system. The adaptability of scattered bamboo is stronger than that of clustered bamboo. Because scattered bamboo shoots basically in spring, bamboo has been fully lignified before winter, and it has strong adaptability to adverse climatic conditions such as drought and cold, and its requirements for soil are lower than those of clustered bamboo and miscellaneous bamboo. The underground stems of clustered bamboos and miscellaneous bamboos are shallow in the soil, and the shoot emergence period is in summer and autumn. Hsinchu could not be completely lignified and could not stand the cold and drought, so the growth in the north was generally limited, and their requirements for soil were higher than those of scattered bamboo.

Propagation of loose bamboo;

1. Breeding with mother bamboo, choose mother bamboo which is 1 ~ 2 years old, healthy, free from pests and diseases, with bright yellow whip, full whip, low bamboo pole and not too thick DBH. Before digging, determine the direction of the bamboo whip, and then cut off the bamboo whip at a distance of 30 cm ~ 80 cm from the mother bamboo. Generally, Liu Zhu whips 30 cm to 40 cm, and whips 70 cm to 80 cm; Medium-sized Liu Zhu whip 20 cm ~ 30 cm, whip 50 cm ~ 60 cm. Don't shake the bamboo pole when digging, cut off its upper part with a sharp knife, generally keep 5 ~ 7 bamboo branches, and then plant people in the pre-dug hole. The buried depth is 3 cm ~ 5 cm deeper than the original buried part of the mother bamboo. After planting, water in time, cover the grass, open the drainage ditch, and set up a bracket to prevent the wind from blowing the roots and affecting the rooting.

2. The propagation of the moving whip is about 1 month before bamboo shoots appear. After digging out the bamboo whip, cut it into a section of 60 cm ~ 100 cm, cover it with more soil, protect the roots and buds, plant it in the pit, lay the bamboo whip flat, cover it with 10 cm ~ 15 cm soil, and cover it with grass to prevent water evaporation. Generally speaking, tiny hsinchu can grow in summer. To prevent Hsinchu from wilting, the bamboo sheath of 1/3 can be cut off and 6 ~ 7 branches and leaves can be kept.

3. Seedlings should be sown in the same year to collect mature seeds. Generally, the seeds of Phyllostachys pubescens almost lose their germination ability after one year.

Edit the propagation method of this paragraph.

Different types of bamboo species have different propagation methods. Generally, the buds on the bamboo bags, branches and stems of clustered bamboos have reproductive ability, so methods such as moving bamboo, burying bamboo, burying bamboo and cutting branches can be adopted. However, the stems and branches of scattered bamboo have no reproductive ability, and only the buds on bamboo residues can develop into bamboo whips and bamboos, so methods such as moving bamboo and whips are often used for reproduction.

Propagation of clustered bamboo and mixed bamboo;

1. Bamboo transfer method (planting by individual plants) Select vigorous 1 ~ 2-year-old bamboo poles, dig out the soil at the periphery 25 cm ~ 30 cm away from the pole body, find out its stalks, then cut off the stalks with a sharp chisel and dig them out with soil. Small bamboos can be dug out in clusters of 3-5 poles.

2. Choose strong bamboo piles by burying piles, poles and joints, leave a bamboo pile with a length of 30 cm ~ 40 cm on it, bury it obliquely in the planting hole, and cover it with soil 15 cm ~ 20 cm. When burying a bamboo pole, cut off the side branches of each node, leaving only the main branch L ~ 2 nodes as the material for burying the pole or node. When buried, the ditch is 20 cm ~ 30 cm deep. Put the buds on the nodes on both sides. The bottom of the rod is slightly lower and the tip is slightly higher. Leaning slightly in the ditch, covered with 10 cm ~ 15 cm soil. Slightly higher than the ground, then cover with grass to moisturize. In order to promote the rooting of bamboo shoots with hidden buds in each node, it can be sawed twice at the position of 8 cm ~ 10 cm above each node to reach the bamboo green part, and the seedling rate of treated bamboo nodes can be improved a lot.

The cultivation method of editing this paragraph

Underground stems of bamboo grow in soil, which needs plenty of water and air. Therefore, it is necessary to keep the soil moist, prevent the soil from being short of water, and pay attention to eliminating water in bamboo forests. Bamboo likes fertile soil. Generally, it is human feces, feces and urine. It should be applied in winter and quick-acting chemical fertilizer in growing season. A bamboo forest can be cut down to support cultivation, that is, weeds in the forest can be cut down in summer to make them rot into fertilizer, and at the same time, the surface layer of woodland can be loosened, physical properties can be improved and bamboo growth can be promoted. The old bamboo garden should be cleaned every few years, especially the overgrown bamboo forests. Reasonable logging is also very important for the protection of bamboo. The cutting age of Phyllostachys pubescens is generally 6-8 years, and that of small and medium bamboo is 4 years. Winter is the best cutting season.

In this paragraph, edit the hydroponic method of bamboo.

First of all, try to choose the tender bamboos of that year, and those with perennial roots, try to wash the roots and dry them, then disinfect them with potassium permanganate and dry them, soak them in B 12 for 5 minutes and then dry them slightly. Fix the roots with a planting basket and ceramsite, put the planting basket on a container, keep the water level about 1 cm from the bottom of the planting basket (the roots of plants will automatically grow to the water surface), keep the ceramsite moist, and spray water on the bamboo leaves several times a day. Pay attention to avoid light, ventilation and moisture before leaving the roots.

Explaining articles about plants mainly include the following angles: introduction of plant morphology, introduction of plant functions, introduction of plant habits, introduction of plant physiological mechanism, introduction of plant cultivation points, introduction of plant growth process, introduction of plant classification and comprehensive description.

For example: cactus

There is a green cactus on the windowsill of my house. It was given to me by my parents who bought yunzhu with me last year.

Cactus is transformed from cactus. It has many colors, all of which are genetically modified, but I still like the original cactus-green body and yellow arms.

Cactus grows on the sand, unlike other plants that grow on my road. The sand is dry. Why can you survive? It's spirit! It is a spirit of self-improvement and tenacious struggle! In the desert, as long as it rains a little, cactus will not hesitate to seize the opportunity and strive to grow. Generate has amazing vitality and motivation, and only by this spirit can we survive!

However, now take out the pots of cactus and cactus, water, fertilize and bask in the sun on time. They are naturally lazy and totally dependent on other people's parasites!

Let plants return to nature! A hero who grew up in a greenhouse has no resolute character. Only heroes who have experienced many hardships and setbacks are real heroes!

Small carrot

There are many varieties of radish, about one hundred varieties. According to the season, it can be divided into spring radish and autumn radish; According to the size of the root, it can be divided into three types: large, medium and small; According to the color of radish, it can be divided into white radish, green radish and carrot.

Radish, although many farmers grow it in the countryside, many people don't fully understand its wide use.

Radish contains many nutrients. It contains a lot of glucose, fructose, sucrose, vitamins and minerals. Among them, the content of vitamin C is eight or nine times more than that of pears and apples. If radish is used instead of fruit, its vitamin content will only be worse.

The pungent taste of radish is also a useful substance. Coupled with the digestive enzymes in radish, it can help the gastrointestinal tract digest food, especially fat. After people eat greasy food, eating radish will relieve greasy food.

If people eat too much at dinner, they can also eat some radishes. Before liberation, there was a man in our village who liked to bet with others. Once at a banquet, he made a bet and said, "I can eat eight bowls of vegetables at a time without being suffocated, but on one condition, I must go out for a walk after dinner." Sure enough, less than an hour after dinner, he swaggered into the gate again. People scrambled to ask him what "panacea" he had eaten and was not crushed to death. Under people's questioning, he said helplessly, "After I went out, I picked two radishes in the field to eat, so I can stand here now." Why can radish help digestion? Because radish contains a lot of mustard oil, fiber and various digestive enzymes, these substances can promote intestinal peristalsis and help digestion.

Radish can also cure diseases. If you cough for a long time, you can take white sugar radish juice, which has the effect of resolving phlegm and relieving cough. Radish can also be used to treat bacillary dysentery and enteritis. Recently, radish has been found to be very useful in anti-cancer.

In addition, radish can help smokers quit smoking. Radish contains radish acid, which can make smokers have no taste in their mouths after smoking and it is easy to quit smoking.

In rural areas, radishes are more widely used. Whenever there is a shortage of vegetables in winter and spring, radish becomes the staple food of farmers. Farmers take radishes home in autumn, dig a pit about one meter deep in their yard, put the radish head into the pit, and spread a layer of sand in each yard, so they can take it out in winter. The local atmosphere returns upwards. When the weather gets warmer, the radish is completely pulled out of the cellar, cut into pieces or shreds, blanched and dried. When it is used, it will disperse as long as it is soaked in water for a period of time, helping farmers to spend the early spring without vegetables.

Radish is more useful than ginseng, and the price is very cheap. No wonder the doctor affectionately called "radish juice" ginseng chicken soup. There is a saying in the countryside: "Eat radish in winter and ginger in summer. Don't bother the doctor to prescribe. " Since radishes are good for us, why don't we eat more radishes at ordinary times?

Apple, also known as Taopo, is a kind of drupe, which consists of several seeds wrapped in juicy pulp and belongs to pear. Commercial apples are native to West Asia or Eastern Europe, and there are about 7,500 varieties in the world. They are sweet, sour and nutritious, and are one of the fruits suitable for all ages.

nutritive value

The water content of fresh apples is 85%.

Apples are rich in carbohydrates, vitamins and trace elements. Especially the content of vitamin A and carotene is higher.

Effects on disease and health

It is rich in water-soluble dietary fiber-pectin. Pectin has the functions of protecting intestinal wall, activating beneficial bacteria in intestinal tract, regulating gastrointestinal function, absorbing water, eliminating constipation, stabilizing blood sugar, beautifying skin, adsorbing bile and cholesterol, and can effectively prevent hyperlipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia, clean intestinal tract and prevent colorectal cancer.

Malic acid and citric acid in apple sour taste can improve gastric juice secretion and promote digestion.

Malic acid can also stabilize blood sugar and prevent diabetes, so diabetics should eat sour apples.

Apples are rich in potassium, which can prevent and treat hypertension. China people's salt intake is seriously excessive, which leads to the retention of sodium and water in the body and promotes hypertension. Potassium can increase the excretion of sodium from the kidney and reduce the content of sodium in cells, thus lowering blood pressure. Potassium can also dilate blood vessels, and together with pectin can prevent metabolic syndrome.

Apples can also prevent cancer and lead poisoning.

Apple juice has a strong effect on killing infectious viruses. People who eat more apples are much less likely to catch a cold than those who don't eat or eat less apples. Therefore, some scientists and doctors call apples "all-round healthy fruits" or "general practitioners". Now the air pollution is more serious. Eating more apples can improve the respiratory system and lung function, and protect the lungs from pollution and smoke.

Apple has a natural and pleasant aroma, which has obvious effect of eliminating depression.

Traditional Chinese medicine believes that apples are flat in nature and have the effects of nourishing the heart and moistening the lungs, promoting fluid production and detoxifying, benefiting qi and regulating the stomach, sobering up and calming the liver.

Diet should be avoided.

Apples should not be eaten with seafood. Apples contain tannic acid. Eating with seafood not only reduces the nutritional value of seafood protein, but also tends to have symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Similarly, other fruits with more tannins, such as strawberries, bayberries, persimmons, pomegranates, lemons, grapes and sour pomelo, should not be eaten with seafood.

Apples are rich in nutrition. Chewing slowly when eating apples is not only conducive to digestion, but also conducive to reducing human diseases.

Expectant mothers eat an apple every day, which can reduce the reaction during pregnancy.

Purchase, preservation and eating methods

There are many kinds of apples, with different appearance and pulp characteristics, and their applicability in seasons and various uses is also very different.

Fresh apples should be solid, crisp and beautiful in color; Mature apples have certain fragrance, compact texture and easy storage; Immature apples have bad color and no fragrance, and may shrink after storage; Overripe apples droop easily when pressed lightly on the surface. Apple will have internal damage and collision scars after being frozen for a period of time. Irregular brown or brown spots will not seriously affect the eating quality of apples.

Apples that grow without bagging are unsightly in appearance, but have high sugar content. From early spring to summer, apples in this period are all stored apples, so the taste is not very fresh.

The skin of fresh apples is sticky, and you can see a layer of frost. This is not because of waxing, but a layer of natural waxy substance, which can protect apples. Besides, some apples taste as sweet as honey. This is because a special kind of sugar will be formed in fruit after being fully irradiated by sunlight. This kind of sugar has high osmotic pressure and can absorb water from surrounding tissues, so it tastes like honey.

Apples can be kept fresh for 7 ~ 10 days in the shade, and can be kept fresh for longer if they are put into plastic bags and put in the refrigerator. If you have extra apples, you can make them into candied fruit or jam and keep them in the refrigerator.

If immature kiwifruit or pear is put into a plastic bag with apples, the ethylene released by apples can make other fruits mature and make kiwifruit and pear soft. But if apples are put together with other mature fruits and vegetables, they will accelerate the decay, so they should be avoided.

Precautions for eating

After apple is cut or peeled, it can be soaked in light salt water or sprinkled with lemon juice to prevent discoloration.

Vitamins, pectin and other effective ingredients in apples are mostly contained in and near the peel, so apples should be washed and eaten, and try not to peel them. Apple with no pesticide and low pesticide is preferred.

Related recipes and food collocation

Hot toffee apple

Peel the apple and cut it into pieces; Heat a proper amount of oil in a wok, pour in white sugar, simmer until the sugar is thin, then add diced apples, turn them repeatedly until the sugar is hanging, and then take them out of the wok and serve.

The dish has the effects of appetizing, harmonizing stomach and prolonging life, and is suitable for people with poor appetite.

For the public.

Most people can eat it.

Apples, apples, temperate fruit trees. Cross-pollination environment requires ① temperature: the annual average temperature is 8 ~ 14℃. The ten-day average temperature in Leng Yue is not lower than-14℃; There is a defoliation dormancy period of more than 50 days, and the daily average temperature around 7℃ is greater than 10 days; The average monthly temperature in summer is lower than 27 ~ 28℃. ② Rainfall: When the growing season is dry and hot, the water demand is large. The annual rainfall of 500 ~ 800 mm basically meets the needs. Rainy flowering will affect pollination and fruit setting. ③ Illumination: the annual sunshine is less than 1500 hours, which is not conducive to the coloring of red varieties. In areas with high altitude and low accumulated temperature, strong sunshine can supplement part of the heat and contribute to the fruit development of mid-late maturity varieties. ④ Soil: When the pH value is lower than 4 ~ 4.5 or higher than 7.5 ~ 8, it is easy to cause physiological diseases of apples. When the total salt content is lower than 0. 13%, it can grow normally. Sandy loam is the most suitable soil.

Description of nutritional imbalance symptoms in apples

Apple leaves are yellow and red in spring when nitrogen is scarce, and thin and yellow in summer. In severe cases, the leaves are early and the leaves are small. Excessive nitrogen will cause the dark green leaves of apple leaves to become bigger and wrinkled.

The young leaves of phosphorus-deficient apples are small dark green, the adult leaves are dark purple and the bronze color is dim. The petiole and new shoots on the back of the leaves are purple with brown spots, and the leaves are at an acute angle with the new shoots.

The tips of the leaves in the middle and lower parts of the new shoots of potassium-deficient apples turn green, the leaf edges are yellow or dark purple, they shrink and curl, then they are necrotic and scorched, and expand to the top. Seriously, the whole leaves are reddish brown and brown, and the dead leaves have not fallen for a long time. Potassium-deficient fruits are poor in color and taste when they are young and ripe, so they are not resistant to storage.

Apple fruit is also bitter pox because of calcium deficiency. Before harvesting, the surface of diseased fruit sinks before the top of fruit, and the pulp becomes soft, dry and bitter, which leads to the increase of diseases during storage. Calcium deficiency can also cause water heart disease, the translucent waterlogging of pulp expands radially, and the diseased tissue is soft and smelly; During storage, the diseased spots developed continuously, and finally the intercellular space of pulp was filled with juice until it rotted.

Light green spots or grayish green spots appear between veins of magnesium-deficient leaves of apples, which spread to the leaf margin and quickly turn yellow-brown to dark brown, and then the necrotic leaves between veins and leaf margins fall off. The top is a rosette with thin and pale leaves; In severe cases, the fruit can not mature normally, and the fruit is small, with poor color and flavor.

Apple leaves turn green and yellow due to sulfur deficiency. In severe cases, the shoots wither, and the fruit is small and deformed, with light color, thick skin and little juice.

Apples are prone to iron deficiency. The chlorosis and yellowing of new shoot leaves is called yellow mosaic disease, and the degree of chlorosis is aggravated in turn. Summer and autumn shoots are more common than spring shoots, and the diseased leaves are mostly in clear reticular mosaic, which is called yellow mosaic. If it is severely yellow and white, the leaf edge can also be burned, dried up and fall off early, forming dead branches or bald branches. It has repeatedly led to the decline of the whole factory.

Apple suffers from lobular disease peculiar to zinc deficiency. The new shoots are abnormal and extremely short, and a large number of twigs sprout from axillary buds, and the mottled leaves at the tip are small and hard. In the late stage of severe zinc deficiency, leaves fell off and new shoots died.

The new shoots of boron-deficient apples are damaged or even withered, with thin and weak lateral branches, thick leaves and many fallen leaves, short and brittle petioles, and twisted veins like lobular disease. The symptom of boron deficiency in apple fruit is that there are brown spots on the surface of young fruit, which dries up after cork, and the skin is uneven and cracked, which is called fruit shrinkage disease. The diseased fruit falls off or dries up before maturity and hangs on the tree. The fruit with mild symptoms is brown cork or sponge cavity, and the pulp of the affected part is bitter.

Apple's lack of copper leads to branch blight or summer shoot blight. The tender leaves turn green to white and brown, and the tender branches bend. In severe cases, leaves fall off and branches die. Bark is a colloidal blister-like brown or reddish-brown rash, which gradually spreads to form a series of overlapping longitudinal grooves, and yellow or red gum flows out in rainy season; Some peels also shed jelly to form irregular brown spots; Small fruits crack and fall off easily.

The leaves of manganese-deficient apples are light green and mottled, developing from the leaf margin to the midvein. In severe cases, the pulse turns brown and necrotic, and the leaves are all yellow. The symptoms of some fruit trees are not limited to the new shoots and young leaves, but also can appear on the middle and upper old leaves. Apple has excessive manganese, green leaves, necrotic trunk endothelium and rough epidermis.