What was Lu Xun's view of Shan Hai Jing in his childhood?

What was Shan Hai Jing written by Lu Xun when he was a child? Lu Xun's nanny often told him the story of Shan Hai Jing when he was a child. Personally, it may also include Lu Xun's nostalgia for nannies and his attachment to childhood, which inspired his understanding of the embryonic form of literature.

What was Lu Xun's attitude towards this book when he was a child? Because childhood Lu Xun had a favorite feeling for Shan Hai Jing.

Shan Hai Jing is something that Lu Xun has longed for for for a long time. For Lu Xun, The Classic of Mountains and Seas is not only curiosity (twenty-four filial piety pictures are hated by him), but also knowledge (he has not become a geographer or a medical scientist, nor a scholar specializing in classical culture). It is a treasure book to promote his spiritual growth. In The Classic of Mountains and Seas, heroic myths such as Jingwei filling the sea, Kuafu in the daytime, Goddess mending the sky, Houyi shooting at the sun, Dayu controlling the water, etc. reflect the stories of ancient heroes struggling with the powerful forces of nature and society. These stories reflect the dauntless spirit of self-improvement and perseverance, which is all of us. There are Water in the Water, Mending the Sky and Running to the Moon, all of which are based on fairy tales. There is no doubt that Lu Xun, the soul of our nation, has absorbed enough nutrients from Shan Hai Jing. Therefore, he regarded it as a "treasure book" all his life. As a great writer who has been dealing with books all his life, his first treasure book was bought by his eldest mother, and he should be respected and remembered by Lu Xun.

Because there are illustrations in The Classic of Mountains and Seas, and they all tell strange fairy stories, and there are so many old nannies to explain them, the etiquette of those poetry books is rather boring. If you don't read them well, you will be beaten, and of course there will be resistance.

Therefore, Shan Hai Jing, like children's online games now, is novel and interesting, which can make people think!

What is Lu Xun's attitude towards Shan Hai Jing? Shan Hai Jing is something that Lu Xun has longed for for for a long time. For Lu Xun, The Classic of Mountains and Seas is not curiosity (twenty-four filial piety pictures are hated by him), but knowledge only (he has not become a geographer or a medical scientist, nor a scholar specializing in classical culture). It is a treasure book to promote his spiritual growth. In The Classic of Mountains and Seas, heroic myths such as Jingwei filling the sea, Kuafu in the daytime, Goddess mending the sky, Houyi shooting at the sun, Dayu controlling the water, etc. reflect the stories of ancient heroes struggling with the powerful forces of nature and society. These stories reflect the dauntless spirit of self-improvement and perseverance, which is all of us. There are Water in the Water, Mending the Sky and Running to the Moon, all of which are based on fairy tales. There is no doubt that Lu Xun, the soul of our nation, has absorbed enough nutrients from Shan Hai Jing. Therefore, he regarded it as a "treasure book" all his life. As a great writer who has been dealing with books all his life, his first treasure book was bought by his eldest mother, and he should be respected and remembered by Lu Xun.

Lu Xun's childhood attitude towards Shan Hai Jing should be passionate, because Lu Xun's longing for Shan Hai Jing has a long history and is rich in content.

Why A Chang and Lu Xun are interested in Shanhaijing? There are many strange and unheard-of figures and animals in Shanhaijing, which are very attractive to children. Besides, Lu Xun was always controlled by Chang, not as free and cheerful as ordinary children.

Is the book Shan Hai Jing good? Shan Hai Jing China Pre-Qin Ancient Books. It is generally believed that the main contents are ancient myths, geography, products, myths, witchcraft, religion, ancient history, medicine, folk customs and nationalities. Some scholars believe that Shan Hai Jing is not only a myth, but also an ancient geography, including some overseas mountains, rivers, birds and animals.

Eighteen volumes of Shan Hai Jing, including five volumes of Shan Hai Jing, eight volumes of Hai Jing, four volumes of Huang Da Jing and one volume of Hai Nei Jing, totaling about 365,438+0,000 words. Recorded 100 information about geography, customs, products and other countries, 550 mountains, 300 waterways, and the scenery of various countries. Among them, Mountain Classic contains most reconnaissance records of wizards, alchemists and temple officials in past dynasties. After a long period of biography, it will be exaggerated, but it still has high reference value.

The Classic of Mountains and Seas introduces the mountains and rivers in the hinterland of China from four aspects: east, south, west and north, especially some exotic birds, monsters, exotic flowers and rocks, which have never been seen or heard of. Among them, overseas classics introduce the customs and habits of legendary overseas countries, such as the two-headed country, the three-headed country, the country of women, the country of husbands, the country of adults, the country of villains, etc., which are even more strange, not only pleasing to the eye, but also increasing people's knowledge. ……

The author and completion time of Shan Hai Jing have not yet been determined. It was once considered to be the work of Yu and Boyi. Modern China scholars generally believe that Shan Hai Jing was not written in a short time, nor was it written by one person. It was written by people from the early Warring States to Chu, Bashu, Dong, Qi and other places in the early Han Dynasty, and was not compiled into a book until the Western Han Dynasty. Many may come from oral legends.

The earliest edition of Shan Hai Jing was published by Liu Xiang and Liu Xin in the Western Han Dynasty. Guo Pu in Jin Dynasty annotated Shan Hai Jing, and Bi Yuan and Shan Hai Jing Zhu in Qing Dynasty also made textual research annotations.

Eighteen volumes of Shan Hai Jing, including five volumes of Shan Hai Jing, eight volumes of Hai Jing, four volumes of Huang Da Jing and one volume of Hai Nei Jing, totaling about 365,438+0,000 words. Recorded 100 information about geography, customs, products and other countries, 550 mountains, 300 waterways, and the scenery of various countries.

The basic source of China's ancient myths is The Classic of Mountains and Seas, among which the most famous stories are: Kuafu chased the sun, the goddess made up the sky and shot for nine days, the Yellow Emperor fought against Chiyou, and Gonggong was furious in Zhoushan, which led to a flood, and guns were stolen from farmland to control water successfully. Huangdi recovered farmland to kill guns, and finally Dayu succeeded in controlling water.

In addition, Shan Hai Jing also recorded some strange events in the form of a running account, and there is still a big debate about these events.

This book records these things one by one by region rather than by time. Most of the recorded things start from the south, then go west, then go north, and finally reach the central part of the mainland (Kyushu). Kyushu is surrounded by the East China Sea, the West Sea, the South China Sea and the North Sea. In ancient China, The Classic of Mountains and Seas has always been regarded as a historical reference book for historians in China. Because this book has been written for a long time, even when Sima Qian wrote Historical Records, he thought: "The monsters in Benji and Shanhaijing are speechless."

What is the Classic of Mountains and Seas? Shan Hai Jing is an ancient book of China, written by Chu or Bashu people from the middle and late Warring States to the early Han Dynasty. It is also a fantastic book. The author of this book is unknown. The ancients thought that this book was "the work of the curious people in the Warring States period, Zhuang Zaji, Biography, Lisao, Zhou Shu and Jincheng". Modern scholars also believe that writing a book is not an instant, and the author is not a person.

There are 18 articles in Shan Hai Jing, and other chapters have long been lost. Originally, there were 22 articles with about 32,650 words. There are 5 Tibetan classics, 4 overseas classics, 5 domestic classics and 4 wild classics. There are 13 chapters in Hanshu, not counting the later wild classics and family classics. The contents of Shan Hai Jing are mainly geographical knowledge in folklore, including mountains and rivers, Taoism, nationalities, products, medicines, sacrifices and witch doctors. It has preserved many famous ancient myths, legends and fables, including Kuafu's day by day, Goddess's mending the sky, Jingwei's reclamation and Dayu's harnessing the water.

Shan Hai Jing has extraordinary literature value, which can be used as a reference for studying China's ancient history, geography, culture, Chinese and foreign transportation, folk customs and myths, among which the mineral records are the earliest related documents in the world.

What kind of book is Shan Hai Jing? Introduction to Shan Hai Jing The content of Shan Hai Jing

Shan Hai Jing has 18 articles, about 3 1000 words. There are 5 classics of Wuzang Mountain, 4 overseas classics, 5 domestic classics and 4 wild classics. Hanshu 13, excluding Ye Jing and Jia Jing. The contents of the book are as follows: 5 chapters of the Five Classics of Tibetan Mountain and 4 chapters of overseas classics are a group; There are 4 chapters in Haineijing; The five wilderness classics at the end of the book and 1 domestic classics are considered as a group. The organizational structure of each group has its own starting point and ending point, which runs through the whole process and has a purpose. A group of Five Classics of Tibetan Mountain is divided into chapters in the order of south, west, north, east and middle, and each chapter is divided into several sections. The former section and the latter section are connected by related sentences, which makes the relationship between the sections very clear.

This book records these things one by one by region rather than by time. Most of the recorded things start from the south, then go west, then go north, and finally reach the central part of the mainland (Kyushu). Kyushu is surrounded by the East China Sea, the West Sea, the South China Sea and the North Sea. In ancient China, The Classic of Mountains and Seas has always been regarded as a historical reference book for historians in China. Because it has been written for a long time, even Sima Qian thought when he was writing historical records: "I dare not say anything about Yu Benji and the monsters in Shan Hai Jing."

Wonderful book of Shan Hai Jing

Shan Hai Jing is one of the oldest fantastic books of the Chinese nation. It has the following characteristics:

First, Shan Hai Jing [1] is a book describing pictures.

Liu Xicheng pointed out in the preface of Holographic Comparison of Mountains and Seas (1): "The records and expositions of Flowing Mountains and Seas 13 by Tao Yuanming, a poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Pictures are also in the shape of cattle and in fear of beasts by Guo Pu show that as early as the Warring States period more than 2,000 years ago, they all said that the part of the Sea Classic was Ma Initiative (2) also thinks: "The mother of The Classic of Mountains and Seas may have pictures, and it (or its main part) is a book with pictures as its text (there are pictures before the text). The ancient paintings were lost and the words were handed down, which is the "Shan Hai Jing" we saw. " Liu Zongdi (3) wrote: "The absurdity and myth of Hai Jing are closely related to the special origin of this book and are unique among ancient books. Simply put, this book is a picture-depicting work, that is to say, the Sea Classic we see today has a picture before the book, and the contents in the book are a portrayal of the contents in a picture. The characters in Shan Hai Jing are characterized by less static description, more dynamic description, more spatial orientation and less time process. In fact, predecessors have long noticed this point, and Zhu, a scholar in the Song Dynasty, was the first to point it out. However, predecessors have the same misunderstanding on this point, that is, the whole Shan Hai Jing, including Shan Hai Jing, has pictures. In fact, it is impossible to draw all-encompassing knowledge of natural history like Mountain Classic, not to mention it records the sounds and habits of many animals. How are these contents represented by pictures? Unless there was such multimedia technology in ancient times. However, the picture that Hai Jing relied on has long been lost. The Classic of Mountains and Seas that we saw today is illustrated, which is strange and dazzling. It's just that later generations added it according to the contents of the book, which is completely different from the ancient paintings I said. "

Second, The Classic of Mountains and Seas retains a large number of ancient historical materials.

Shan Hai Jing has always been regarded as "absurd" by most people. Even Sima Qian, a historian who dared to break the shackles of Shangshu and push the ancient history of China to Emperor Yanhuang, said that "I dare not say the monsters in Yu Benji and Shan Hai Jing". The reason for this view seems to be related to the writing process of Shan Hai Jing from pictures to characters. For example, Overseas East longitude records that there are two workers and worms in the north, each with two songs. One is in the north of the country of scholars. " According to the writing process of Shan Hai Jing, there is a rainbow in the north of Scholar's Country in Shan Hai Jing Tu, indicating that rainbows are often seen there. The hieroglyphics at that time should be similar to the rainbow characters in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, both of which are the images of a rainbow with two heads (see Xiong's Shuo Wen Jie Zi). Later, when the ancients wrote Shan Hai Jing according to the map of Shan Hai Jing, hundreds of years passed, and the author was not necessarily a philologist. At this time, the rainbow character of the rainbow has become a "work bug", so I describe the rainbow as a "work bug" and hope to describe it with "two poems each" in the literal sense, so that future generations can't know whether it is a rainbow on the horizon or a monster with only two heads. So even Sima Qian said, "I dare not speak."

It is precisely because of the so-called absurdity of Shan Hai Jing that for thousands of years, the book has neither been recorded in official history nor circulated by various schools of thought, so it has rarely been changed by future generations, and has largely preserved its original features and many precious ancient materials and information.

Thirdly, Shan Hai Jing is related to the Yi people in the East.

Jin Rongquan (4) pointed out in the article Textual Research on Emperor Jun and His Divine System: "Emperor Jun is a mysterious god in ancient China mythology. His deeds are not recorded in the official history, nor are they circulated by other scholars, but are recorded in the Classic of Mountains and Seas, especially in the two classics "Wild" and "Hainei". Investigating its origin and vein, it is obvious that it does not belong to the lineage of Yandi or Huangdi. It is the third lineage that coexists with the two lineages of Yan and Huang. There are different opinions about the position of Emperor Jun among the ancient gods in China today. But it is generally believed that the emperor is the ancestor of the ancient oriental nation. This view is consistent, because the place where the emperor lived and the country of his descendants recorded in Shan Hai Jing are mostly in the East.

Xu (5) said: "Di Jun is the most prominent figure in Shan Hai Jing. There are as many as 16 things about him (in the classics, only Emperor Zhuan Xu has as many as 17 things, but he has seen three things about the burial place of Mrs. Jiu, and only 15 things are left. In addition, there are ten things about Huangdi, four things about Yan Di, three things about Di Ku, two things about Yaodi, eight things about Shun Di, Danzhu, Di Jiang and Di Hong. The rest of the people don't have an emperor's name). Through these sixteen stories of Di Jun, we can see that, firstly, he is omniscient, east and west, north and south; Second, almost all the important inventions in ancient times came from his descendants; Third, many clans, including Ji, Jiang and Yao, were separated by him. Fourth, the sun is his son and the moon is his daughter. Below him, there are "human face, dog ears, animal body, two green snakes, named Shebi corpse" and "colorful bird" as "the next friend".

Liu Xiang (Xin) wrote The Classic of Mountains and Seas in the Western Han Dynasty (VI): "People who wrote The Classic of Mountains and Seas, when they left Tang Yu, ... left Kyushu as a tribute and benefited from the good and evil of other things, and wrote The Classic of Mountains and Seas, which was mostly said by later generations. According to the preface of Bi Yuan's New Edition of Shan Hai Jing in Qing Dynasty, Shan Hai Jing is said to be "written in Yu Yi and described in Qin Zhou". But later generations think that Shan Hai Jing was not written by one person, but by Zhou people, Qi people and Chu people. Liu Zongdi (7) thinks that "the ancients' statements about Yu Yi's Classic of Mountains and Seas are not credible, but they are not necessarily groundless". Since ancient times, "gods do not classify, and people do not worship non-races." Some historical materials in The Classic of Mountains and Seas, especially the humanistic, historical and geographical materials reflecting the deeds of the emperor's great power, came from the nation of Boyi or Dongyi Boyi, so there should be no big mistake.

Fourthly, Shan Hai Jing consists of two parts.

Gu Jiegang (8) thinks: "The Classic of Mountains and Seas has been handed down to this day, among which the Classic of Mountains and Seas is integrated; Sea Classics can be divided into two categories, one is the foreign four classics and the domestic four classics, the other is the wild four classics and the domestic four classics. The records of the two groups are almost the same, and they are all illustrated by a picture. So it can be said that it is two records of one thing. " Modern research agrees with this view. Wang Ning said in the Division of Mountains and Seas Classics that "the Wild Four Classics is actually another version of the overseas Four Classics". Therefore, in the textual research of Shan Hai Jing, wild east longitude and overseas east longitude can confirm each other.

Fifth, the order of geographical description in Shan Hai Jing is different from that in reality.

The sequence of Shan Hai Jing is south, west, north and east, which may be related to the ancient custom of "Far North". In other words, the ancient map of mountains and seas is different from the current geographical map in orientation. Take the overseas Tang Valley King in East longitude as an example: "Black is red in the north and black in the north, eating rice snakes, one red and one green, beside. On the one hand, in northern Shu Hai, people are blackheads, eat rice to make snakes, and a snake is red. " . Hao Yixing said, "When it gets dark, you should take your teeth off. Wang Yi noticed that Chu Ci called a soul cloud: "Hei Chi, his teeth are all black. Gao's "Huainan Falling Training" says: "He is a black fool who eats rice and spits snakes, but he is in the Tang Valley. "This is a proof that there are teeth in ancient books." Tangguxia. There is a hibiscus flower in the Tang Valley where I bathed for ten days, which is in the north of Blackpool. Living in the water, there are big trees, No.9 lives in the lower branch, and 1 lives in the upper branch. "

The above records clearly show that in the map of mountains and seas, Heichizhou is on the top (south) of the map and Tanggu is on the bottom (north) of Heichizhou. This provides direction coordinates for the textual research of Shan Hai Jing.

Based on the above background and principles, we studied the archaeological data and historical and geographical documents of the Longshan period in southeastern Shandong (the leader of Dongyi tribe in the late Longshan culture was Boyi), and investigated the humanities, scenery and mountain geography in the coastal areas of southeastern Shandong. We find that the area described in Overseas East longitude is very consistent with the geographical features of the Yi people in Shangshu and the type distribution of Longshan culture drug king city in Haidai area. The report reads as follows:

Types and regional distribution of Longshan culture drug king city in Haidai area

Wang Shougong (10) pointed out in the book Longshan Culture in Shandong: "The types of drug king cities are mainly distributed in the southeast of Shandong, Shan Zhinan and the east of Mengshan. The terrain of this area is mainly hilly, with a large area of valley plain in the middle. The west and north sides of this type are adjacent to Yinjiacheng type and Yaoguanzhuang type respectively, east to the Yellow Sea, and the south boundary is about north of Longhai Railway. The administrative divisions include Linyi and Rizhao and part of the northeast corner of Jiangsu. " "According to the distribution characteristics of the site, it can be speculated that Rizhao and Linyi are the centers of the types of Yaowangcheng. The geographical environment here is characterized by flat terrain, fertile land and many rivers, and the ancient environment is not much different from the present. Archaeological findings show that the Longshan cultural sites here are very dense, and there are many large sites. "

Yaowangcheng type is also called Shuangcheng type. Zhang Xuehai (1 1) pointed out in his article "On the Ancient Cultural City of Judi": "The Longshan Culture of Judi belongs to the type of twin cities. This type of range is generally in the southeast of Yimeng Mountain and east of Nishan Mountain, with Yishu River Basin in the southeast of Shandong Province as the center, JIAOZHOU, Laoshan and Qingdao in the east of Shandong Province in the north and Huaibei in Jiangsu Province in the south. It is one of the main local types of Longshan culture. In addition to the Silongshan settlement group, there are also the middle reaches of Yishu River in the east of Linyi, yi river River in the west of Linyi, the northeast of Feixian County, the middle reaches of Beng River Basin, the upper reaches of yi river in the east of Yinan, the north of Linyi and the southwest of Juxian County, the south half of Cangshan Mountain and the southeast of Zaozhuang. In addition, there seems to be a small group in the north of Zhucheng, the south of Gaomi County and the southwest of jiaozhou city, the northeast of jiaozhou city in the east and Qingdao. There should also be two or three small groups in Linshu and Tancheng in the south, and the neighboring Ganyu, Donghai and Xinyi in Jiangsu, with a total of 1 1 settlement groups. There are more than 450 sites in Shandong alone, accounting for more than one-third of the total number of Longshan sites in Shandong. "

Therefore, the distribution area of Yaowangcheng (two cities) Longshan culture starts from Guanyun County, Jiangsu Province in the south and reaches the eastern coastal area of Qingdao, Shandong Province in the north. The large-scale Longshan cultural sites in this area are basically concentrated in Rizhao area, such as Yaowangcheng site, Liangcheng site, Duanjiahe site, Donghaiyu site, etc., and there are also large Dawenkou cultural sites, such as Lingyanghe site and Dantu site. Therefore, Rizhao area is the key area of Yaowangcheng type.