Who are the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period? What about the later history?

There are two different views on the "five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period" in history: First, the "five tyrants" refer to Qi Huangong, Song Xianggong, Jin Wengong, Qin Mugong and Chu Zhuangwang; "Five tyrants" refer to Qi Huangong, Jin Wengong, Chu Zhuangwang, King He Lv of Wu and King Gou Jian of Yue.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, the monarch of the State of Qi was surnamed Jiang. After his brother Qi Xianggong was killed, he returned to China from Ju 'an and acceded to the throne. Reform the appointment of Guan Zhong, select and appoint talents, strengthen military equipment and develop production. Call for "respecting the king and rejecting the foreign countries", help Yan defeat the northern army, save Xing and Wei, stop Di people from attacking the Central Plains, and make the national strength strong. Cai, an ally of the Central Plains countries who attacked Chu, joined forces with Chu in Zhaoling (now northeast of Yancheng, Henan). He also put down the civil strife of the royal family in the Zhou Dynasty, and joined the princes many times, becoming the first of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period.

old age

In the forty-first year of Huan Gong (645 BC), Guan Zhong was seriously ill. Duke Huan asked him, "Who among the ministers can take your place?" Guan Zhong said: "No one can compare with the monarch in understanding his deputy." Duke Huan said, "How about elegance?" Guan Zhong replied: "Killing children to please the monarch is not human nature and is unacceptable." Huan Gong said, "What about the prescription?" Guan Zhong replied: "It is inhuman to abandon your relatives to please the monarch, and it is also difficult to get close to you." Duke Huan said, "How about vertical carving?" Guan Zhong replied: "It is unnatural and hard to be dear to castrate yourself to please the monarch." After Guan Zhong's death, Qi Huangong didn't listen to Guan Zhong and reused three people, all of whom were authoritarian. In the forty-second year of Huan Gong (644 BC), Rong attacked Zhou, and Zhou was in a hurry. He ordered governors from all over the world to send troops to save Zhou. In the forty-third year of Huan Gong (643 BC), he was seriously ill, and five childe (Gongzi Wukui, Gongzi Zhao, Gongzi Pan, Gongzi Merchants) competed for positions among their followers. 107, Qi Huangong died of illness. The five sons attacked each other and the state of Qi was in chaos. Huan Gong's body lay in bed for sixty-seven days, and all the bodies climbed out of the window. 1February 14, the newly established Qi Jun took control of Huan Gong without loss.

Jin Wengong (697-628 BC) was the supreme ruler of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period (636-628 BC). My name is Zhong Er. Because his father gave his son and son as heirs, he went into exile 19 years and returned to China to succeed him with the help of Qin. Implementing the policies of "trading with agriculture", "being virtuous" and "rewarding credit", rectifying internal affairs, appointing Zhao Shuai, Hu Yan and others, developing agriculture and handicrafts, strengthening the army, and greatly increasing the national strength, resulting in a situation of "rich officials and people and scarce financial resources". Because of pacifying the chaos in Zhoufang, it was reset and won the reputation of "respecting the king". The battle of Chengpu defeated the Chu army. In the practice of soil spinning (now northeast of Xingyang, Henan Province), the princes gathered and invited Zhou to participate, becoming the overlord.

Qin Mugong (? -62 BC1) The monarch of Qin in the Spring and Autumn Period. Won the last name, good name. Thirty-nine years in office, posthumous title Mu. It is recognized as one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period in some historical materials. Qin Mugong attaches great importance to talents. During his tenure, he was assisted by some wise ministers, such as Priscilla, Uncle Jian, Pippo and Gong, who helped him return to the State of Jin and seize the throne. King Xiang of Zhou sent troops to attack countries such as Shu, which is located west of Hangu Pass, and traveled thousands of miles. Therefore, King Xiang of Zhou appointed him as the uncle of the western governors and dominated Xirong.

In 36 AD (624 BC), Qin Mugong personally led an army to crusade against the State of Jin. After crossing the Yellow River, he burned all the ferries to show his determination to resist the enemy to the death. Qin Jun captured Wang Guan (now west of wenxi county) and its suburbs. Kim dare not fight. Qin Jun crossed the Yellow River from Jinmao to Nan 'an, erected a monument for the soldiers who died in battle, and then returned home. In the thirty-seventh year (623 BC), Qin Jun went to Xirong, surrounded Mianzhu with lightning speed, and captured Mianzhu alive under the bottle. Qin Mugong struggled forward, and more than 20 small Rong Di countries surrendered to Qin one after another. The territory of the State of Qin is thousands of miles, with the national border stretching to Qinling Mountains in the south, Didu Road in the west (now Lintao, Gansu), Yan Rong in the north (now Yanchi, Ningxia) and the Yellow River in the east. History says that "Qin Mugong conquered Xirong". King Xiang of Zhou sent Zhao Gong to Qin Mugong with a golden drum to congratulate him.

In the thirty-ninth year (62 1 year), Qin Mugong died of illness and was buried in Yong (now southeast of Fengxiang, Shaanxi). One hundred and seventy-seven people were martyred, including three sons of Yu Zi, Yan Xi, Zhong Xing and Zhen Xuan. These three people are very kind and brave, which makes the people of China feel extremely sad. They wrote a poem "Yellow Bird" and sang: "If you are pale, you will annihilate my lover; If you can redeem it, you are a hundred people! " It means, by the way, how can such a kind person be buried? If we can redeem our lives, we would rather pay a hundred lives to get them back!

Chu Zhuangwang (? ~ 59 1) The King of Chu State in China during the Spring and Autumn Period. One of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. Mi surname, famous brigade. Also known as the bears. During his reign (6 13 ~ 59 1), he attached great importance to selecting talents, and was assisted by talented civil servants and military commanders such as Wu Shen, Su Cong, Sun Shuai and Zi Zhong. In the early years of King Zhuang, there was an aristocratic riot in Chu, and the neighboring mobs also took the opportunity to harass them. Zhuang Wangping set a chaotic situation and made some reforms in internal affairs. The rewards and punishments are clear, the ministers are harmonious, the people live and work in peace and contentment, and the national strength is getting stronger and stronger, which lays the foundation for hegemony.

: [Spring and Autumn] Central Plains overlord

Chu Zhuangwang (? -59 1 years ago), also known as King Jingzhuang and Xiong, was a famous traveler.

In 6 14 BC, Ying Du, son of King Chu Mu, succeeded to the throne (in the south of Jinan in Jiangling). During the Spring and Autumn Period, the five countries successively dominated the Central Plains, known as the "five tyrants" in history. Among the "five tyrants", Chu has the largest territory, the largest population, the richest products and the most prosperous culture.

Chu Zhuangwang's rule over the Central Plains not only made Chu State powerful and famous, but also played a great role in the unification of China and the formation of national spirit.

In 59 1 year BC, Chu Zhuangwang died of illness and was buried in the suburb of Jinan. There are tombs of Chu King and Fan Fei in the northwest of Jiangling today.

The 20th monarch of Song State.

Song Xianggong, the second son of Duke Huan of Song Dynasty, whose real name is Zifu (? -reigned in the first 637 years: the first 650 years-the first 637 years), one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period.

In the thirty-first year of Zhou's founding, he took ordinary brothers as relatives and cultivated "Oriental Palace Local Records", with the core of Xian Gao, Gong Sunyu and so on. Before 642, Qi Huangong died of illness and civil strife occurred in Qi. Song Xianggong led Wei, Cao and Yan to fight against Qi, and Qi people were at home, so he established Qi Hong Xiao, and Xiang Gong became a minor celebrity.

Song Xianggong is ambitious and wants to inherit the hegemony of Qi Huangong. 638 years ago, Song and Chu fought in the flood (now northwest of Zhecheng County, Henan Province). At that time, the Chu army was stronger than Ma Zhuang, and Fu suggested that Xianggong stop the Chu people when they crossed the river. At this time, Xiang Gong talked about righteousness and waited for Chu soldiers to cross the river before attacking. When Chu Jun went ashore, Yu Zi suggested that Song Xianggong attack and kill Chu Jun before the battle was formed, but "xianggong" refused again. As a result, the Song division was defeated, Xianggong was shot in the thigh, and his sons Song Chenggong and Wang Chen succeeded to the throne.

Gou Jian (about 520-465 BC) is a descendant of Dayu. The monarch of Yue State in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Betty Wong Yunchang's son. He ruled from 496 BC to 465 BC. In 496 BC, He Lv, the king of Wu, was defeated by the Vietnamese army. He Lu was injured and died, and his son Fu Cha was determined to take revenge. Gou Jian took the initiative to attack Wu the following year. In Fujiaoshan (now southwest of Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province), there was a fierce battle with Wu Bing, and the Vietnamese army was defeated. In order to save his strength, Gou Jian retreated to Huiji Mountain (now south of Shaoxing, Zhejiang) and used his tactics to make peace with Wu. After Gou Jian returned to China, he tasted all his courage and never forgot the shame of martial arts. He appointed Fan Li, Wen Zhong and others to reform the internal affairs and recuperate. Later, Gou Jian took advantage of Fu Cha's hegemony in the north and the emptiness of the country, invaded Wu, and killed the king in one fell swoop. Focha had to make peace after returning to China. Gou Jian constantly mobilized troops to attack Wu. In the twenty-fourth year of Gou Jian, Wu was besieged for three years, the city was broken, and Fu Cha committed suicide. Wu Wu died. Subsequently, Gou Jian sailed northward, and Song, Zheng, Lu and Wei joined the army in succession, and moved the capital to Langya (now Jiaonan, Shandong Province), where he joined forces with the governors of the Qi and Jin Dynasties and was officially recognized as the overlord by Zhou Yuanwang.

Gou Jian (? -First 465)

The State of Yue was built by the ancient Yue people, and the State of Yue grew stronger when Wang Yun was there. Therefore, Chu and Yue joined forces to control Wu. In 496, Gou Jian (497-465), King of Yue, defeated the State of Wu shortly after he ascended the throne. Two years later, Fu Cha, the king of Wu, breached Du Yue, and Gou Jian was forced to kneel and surrender. He went to Wu with Fu Cha, served the King of Wu, and was pardoned and returned to China. Since Gou Jian's defeat, he has never forgotten Ji Ji's shame. He eats desperately every day and asks himself, "Have you forgotten Ji Ji's shame?" He used many sages such as Fan Li and Wen Zi. After "ten years of life and lessons", Vietnam's national strength gradually recovered. But Wu is not alert to this. In 482, Fu Cha, the king of Wu, attended the Huangchi meeting as best as possible, leaving only the prince and the old and weak to defend the country. Gou Jian, the king of Yue, took advantage of the situation, defeated Wu Shi and killed the king of Wu. Fu Cha hurried back with the alliance, and Lien Chan was unfavorable, so he had to make peace with Yue.

In 473, the Vietnamese army defeated Wu again, and Fu Cha, the king of Wu, was besieged on Gusu Mountain, west of Wudu. He committed suicide. Gou Jian, the King of Yue, succeeded Wu, led troops across Huai River and joined the kings of Qi, Song, Jin and Lu in Xuzhou (now south of tengxian, Shandong). Zhou Tianzi named Gou Jian "Bo". At that time, "the Vietnamese army roamed across the east of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, and the warlord Bi He proclaimed himself emperor", but at this time, the Spring and Autumn Period was coming to an end and its dominance was coming to an end. Gou Jian was really the last overlord in the late Spring and Autumn Period.

When Gou Jian just wiped out the hegemony of Wu, his greatest hero was awarded the title of general. However, Fan Li knew that "it is difficult to live in a big name for a long time" and "it is ominous to be respected for a long time", so he retired immediately after his success. "Since you are a private disciple, you can float on the sea by boat and never violate it." He changed his name to Tao Zhugong and later became rich by doing business. Fan Li once sent someone to write a book, saying, "Birds are exhausted, so you can hide with a bow;" A sly rabbit dies, but a running dog cooks. The King of Yue was pecked by a long-necked bird, but he was at odds with * * *, not with * * *. Why not go? Wen Zi didn't listen, and soon Gou Jian gave him a sword to commit suicide.