Writing enlightenment

1. Manchu folk custom Manchu is mainly distributed in the three eastern provinces of China, with Liaoning Province as the largest.

In addition, there are a few Manchu scattered in Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shandong, Xinjiang and other provinces and large and medium-sized cities such as Beijing, Chengdu, Lanzhou, Fuzhou, Baiyin and Xi 'an. Manchu has a long history, which can be traced back to Sushen people more than two thousand years ago. Their descendants have been living in the northern Changbai Mountain, the middle and upper reaches of Heilongjiang and the Wusuli River basin.

1644, the Qing army entered the customs, unified China, and formed a situation in which Manchu and Han lived together for a long time. After the Revolution of 1911, Manchu was renamed Manchu.

Manchu has its own language and writing, belonging to Manchu branch of Manchu-Tungusic language family of Altai language family. Manchu was founded at the end of 16, borrowing Mongolian letters.

17 In the 1940s, after a large number of Manchu entered the customs, Chinese was widely used. Manchu people have loved singing and dancing since ancient times, and ancient dance evolved from hunting and fighting activities.

Historically, Manchu men like to wear blue robes and jackets, with hair and braids behind their heads, domes and trousers. Women, on the other hand, like to wear cheongsam, bow or "bun", ring and handkerchief around their waist.

After Manchu entered the customs, the dress tended to be consistent with that of Han nationality, but the cheongsam was handed down with its unique charm and became the traditional dress of women in China. Manchu people honor their elders and pay attention to etiquette, which is their custom. When you meet your elders on the road, you should bow sideways, bow with your hands and wait for your elders to pass by. Not only the younger generation should greet the elders, but also the younger generation should greet the elders.

When relatives and friends meet, in addition to shaking hands to say hello, some people will also say hello. During the Spring Festival, we should worship once every two years, once on the evening of 30th, once on the New Year's Day, which is called welcoming the new year.

Manchu traditional houses are generally divided into three rooms: west, middle and east, with the gate facing south. The west room is called the upper room in the west, the middle room is called the hall, and the east room is called the lower room in the east. There are three health in the west, namely, south, west and north. Xikanggui, Beikangda, Nankang Small. Visitors live in Xikang, elders live in Beikang, and younger generations live in Nankang.

Taboo: indoor Xikang is not allowed to sit and lie down and pile up sundries at will; Avoid beating, killing and eating dog meat; Don't wear a dog skin hat, don't spread a dog skin mattress, and avoid guests wearing dog skin hats or dog skin sleeves. Marriage custom Manchu wedding not only has strong national characteristics, but also incorporates many customs and etiquette of the Han nationality. Generally speaking, it has to go through the following procedures: engagement: there are two forms of engagement between Manchu young men and women.

First, the parents of young men and women are acquaintances or friends. The two knew each other very well and were interested in getting married, so they asked the matchmaker to promise their children a lifetime. Some men propose to women, while others propose to men. The other is that men and women don't know each other and entrust the matchmaker to engage their children. The matchmaker will give them "portal stickers" and issue their flags, resumes, surnames and three generations.

Besides, we should test each other's birthdays. Release: Give gifts immediately.

There are two kinds of amplification and amplification. Letting Xiaoding go means that the future daughter-in-law will visit relatives of the man's family, such as aunt, brother and sister-in-law, and get property.

Enlarged it is called "big gift", commonly known as "big dish", that is, choose an auspicious day of the zodiac, and the man will send the bride price to the woman's house. The day before the wedding, people who bid farewell to their families should drink "windward wine".

The bride left home to live in a good apartment borrowed by the man, commonly known as "shooting down." The next morning, the woman saw her off with a float and was escorted by her brother.

When the float arrived at the groom's house, there was a brazier on the ground in front of the bridal chamber, commonly known as "too much is not as good as evil spirits". In order to drive away or kill the ghost that comes with the sedan chair, the groom should shoot three arrows at the sedan chair door; There are also real shots, but they are usually taken under the sedan chair to avoid hurting the bride.

Then, the bride was helped out of the sedan chair to heaven and earth, and kowtowed to the north three times with the groom, commonly known as "worshipping Beidou". After worshipping Beidou, a world-famous ceremony of "Leaving the Light" was held.

That is, the bride and groom wearing red hijab face south and kneel in front of the god table in the yard. On the table, there is a pig's elbow, three small glasses of wine and a sharp knife. Shaman knelt in front of the table with one leg, chanting in Manchu, cutting the meat into pieces with a sharp knife and throwing it into the air, and throwing it on the ground with a small glass of wine. The main purpose is to pray for God to bless the newlyweds and let their children and grandchildren grow old together.

After these ceremonies, the bride is brought into the bridal chamber by a general practitioner (that is, a person whose parents and children are present). When the bride crosses the threshold, there is a saddle on the threshold and the bride must cross it.

The beds in the new house must be made by all practitioners. After the new house is paved, music should be played in the room. This is called a "ringing room". When the bride entered the bridal chamber, a little girl took pictures of the bride with two bronze mirrors, and then hung them on the bride's chest and back.

Then, another little girl handed me two tin cans containing rice, money and so on. Brides either hold them in their arms or put them under their armpits, commonly known as "holding bottles" or "holding media pots". When the bride sits firmly on the bed, the groom takes off the red cloth covering the bride's head with the weight, which is called "lifting the veil".

Next, the husband and wife drink a toast and eat happy noodles, longevity noodles or children's cakes. Eating Custom Manchu people eat three meals during busy farming hours and two meals during slack farming hours.

The staple foods are mostly millet and sorghum rice, japonica rice and dried rice. I like to add red beans or baked beans to rice, such as sorghum rice and dried bean rice. In some areas, corn is the staple food, and corn flour is fermented into "sour soup".

Manchu people in most parts of Northeast China also have the habit of eating plain rice, that is, after cooking sorghum rice or corn prickly heat, wash it with clear water, soak it in clear water, take it out when eating, and put it in a bowl, which is cool and delicious. This way of eating is mostly in summer.

Manchu cakes have a long history and became the staple food of the court in the Qing Dynasty. Among them, the most representative is the imperial meal "Chestnut Noodles Wowotou", also known as Xiaowotou.

Saqima, a Manchu dim sum, has also become a famous pastry in China. The famous ones are the cakes of Qing Dongling, also known as the cakes of Qing Dongling, the cakes of Beijing snacks, the cakes of Chengde snacks in Hebei, and the cakes of lard snacks in Jingzhou, Hubei.

It is cold in winter in the north, and there are no fresh vegetables. Manchu people often eat sauerkraut (pickles) as their staple food in autumn and winter. It is said that the method of preserving vegetables began in Shunzhi period of Qing Dynasty.

Boiled white meat vermicelli with sauerkraut is a common dish for Manchu people after winter. Manchu people love to eat pork and often cook it in white.

Manchu restaurants in Shenyang, Liaoning Province have a history of 100 years. Its white meat and blood sausage is known as authentic Manchu flavor. Typical food: Manchu people live in scattered places and are representative everywhere, mainly including: ① white meat and blood sausage.

② Hot pot. Traditional Manchu dishes.

Sour soup. Liao.

2. Reasons for recommending New Language Reader In March 20065438+0, the New Language Reader edited by Qian Liqun, Wang Shangwen and Cao Wenxuan was published by Guangxi Education Press.

As soon as the new language reader was published, it attracted widespread attention in the reading circle and quickly covered 30 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions across the country. Up to now, the total sales volume has exceeded 654.38 billion yards and has been reported by more than 50 domestic media (including newspapers, magazines, TV stations and websites). CCTV also produced and broadcast three special programs. Media attention has further promoted the sales of books, and this set of readers has gradually become a well-known brand in students' extracurricular reading materials, and is known as the "first language reader".

In 2007, this set of Readers launched a brand-new revised edition. The position, interest, purpose, style and arrangement of New Chinese Reader all show that it is a brand-new Chinese reader different from the past.

Experts believe that there are two kinds of the best humanistic enlightenment books since the May 4th Movement: 1949 is the best enlightening new language document, and 1949 is the best new language document. (Rao Tengjie, an expert in Chinese education and a professor at Capital Normal University) The New Chinese Reader contains a group of conscientious scholars' reflections on Chinese education in China in this era, which precipitated their thoughts on the development direction of Chinese in China.

(Cao Wenxuan, writer, Professor Peking University).

I want to write a short and realistic English love letter to my girlfriend, which means that at midnight, the amber moonlight sleeps sweetly on the shore. More importantly, I can even see a beautiful girl whose body is outlined by a thin ray of moonlight.

In the dim moonlight, there are tears in my eyes, for the beautiful girl who has seduced me for a long time.

Others may never understand who you are in my heart, but I can tell you that you are a sweet spring flowing in my heart. How I wish I could be a tree, quietly enjoying you passing by me all the year round. I don't know and I don't want to know if there is any real thing that can be used as an example of the folk proverb "The seas run dry and the rocks rot, and the world grows old", but I only know that I just want to be the one who will always protect you. My shoulder is only waiting for you when you need to cry.

Sometimes, I am afraid of losing you, because I am not very good, outstanding or romantic. But I know that I will love you, I will miss you, and I will protect you forever!

My dream girl, my whole life!

Chinese translation

A love letter to the woman of my dreams

In the dead of night at midnight, the amber moonlight lay quietly and sweetly on the river bank. Even, I can see a beautiful woman, just like that, her * * is outlined by the faint moonlight.

Hazy, tears kept flashing in my eyes, just because she attracted my soul for too long.

Others may never understand what you represent in my heart, but I can tell you that you are a clear sweet potato that flows quietly in my heart forever. How I wish I were an ordinary tree, quietly watching you pass by me every year.

I don't know, but I don't want to know if there is anything as sincere as this old saying. But all I know is that I just want to be the one who will always protect you. My shoulder belongs only to you, whenever you need a shoulder to lean on.

Sometimes, I worry that I will lose you one day, because I am not excellent, outstanding and romantic. But I know I love you, I miss you, and I will always protect you!

My dream girl, my whole life!

I wrote this myself. Oh ... original! ! ! Plus points!

4. Who can write an English love letter in Chinese? I fell in love with you from the moment I saw you. I wanted to write "I have been dreaming about you since I first met you", but I couldn't translate it, so I had to write "I fell in love with you". My neighbor told me, and he said that someone always said "shit" in VCD, and this stone T is it. )

Close your eyes and I will die; Your eyes are open, that is, you came back alive. Your eyes closed and opened again and again, and I died again and again. Close your eyes and I'll die. Your eyes opened, and I came back to life. Your eyes blink and blink, and I die. ("Ha ha, I can't help but admire myself for expressing such a profound meaning in such a simple sentence. )

Maybe you don't know me, it doesn't matter. Love at first sight is very popular. ("Maybe you don't know me yet, it doesn't matter, love at first sight is very popular." It takes a lot of effort to translate love at first sight. First, you can see and feel, but how to translate the word clock? When you look up, the alarm clock says: the words clock and pop are learned from TV, and the most popular music record is top of the pops. Hehe, you can learn it by paying attention everywhere. )

I think I should introduce myself. I think I should introduce myself. It turned out that my first English teacher was far-sighted. She said that if one day you go abroad and want to find a foreign MM, use this sentence.

However, I don't know if she thinks I'm scaring China MM with this sentence now. My name is boss Li. I am 25 years old this year. My name is Li Laoda, and I'm 25 years old. Today is today, so this year is toyear. What's wrong? )

There are four people in my family: father, mother, me and my brother. There are four people in my family: father, mother, me and my brother. Fortunately, I have been online for so many years and know how to write gg, jj, mm and DD. )

I type fast because I am a master. I even acted as a hacker. I type very fast, because I am a computer expert, and I even worked as a hacker. I do morning exercises every day, so that I can have a strong body to protect you. I do morning exercises every day, so that I can have a strong body to protect you.

("Fuck" translated into * * * is also said by my neighbor's children. He also said that it was translated into VCD, so people would not misuse foreign films. Please eat and sleep with me, or I will cut my hair and become a monk, and find a place where many monks live to spend my life. Please marry me, or I will cut my hair and find a temple to live my life.

I really don't remember how to translate the word "marry". Fortunately, my brain is bright. Isn't marrying me just eating and living with me? It never rains but it pours. I forgot how to translate the word temple again, but it doesn't bother me. Aren't there many monks living in the temple? Applause for your cleverness! As for this kind of life, playing games in the end is not the end of the game. The end is of course the end. Your boss Your boss (I left out my last name when I signed it as a gesture of goodwill, but your boss sounds a bit like a triad. Forget it. Whatever. )

Well, my first English love letter was born in this grand way. See, knowledge is power. Conquering MM's heart city must be a heavy shell. Wish me luck! Oh, I stayed up all night writing this love letter. It's dawn It's time to do morning exercises! -Dear Li Laoda, read the letter! After reading your letter, my tears are boiling! I'm ready. I don't care about seven-thirds of my love for you. I only care about one heart. If I have three hearts, then you can give me color to see see. The world is crowded with people, and you are the coolest Bede! You fell in love with me at first sight, and I fell in love with you at first sight. You don't have to do morning exercises anymore. Sometimes we can do evening exercises! @#$%^&； Miss Wang-Dear Miss Wang: I am very happy to see your letter. I noticed that I thought you wouldn't love me as much as I do. I thought you could only write letters, but you are really nice. Your letter makes me happy.

I really love you very much. I'm free this Sunday. Shall we make an appointment to meet? If you can, call me. If you want to express yourself, I'm 7247246. If you want to say it in Chinese, I'm too lazy to write. The song I came to sing has not been sung yet. I've been winding and unwinding my instrument all day. The time is true and the lyrics are correct; My heart is full of longing pain. I love you, honey. Five me, my love. Like a lost bird, I was caught. When my heart was shocked, it lost its veil and became naked. Cover it with pity, dear, and give me a high five, my love. I dare not ask for a kiss, I dare not beg for a smile, for fear that I will become proud with this or that. No, no, my biggest wish is just to kiss the air that kissed you recently. .