Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Lucky day inquiry - How many festivals have there been in China since ancient times?
How many festivals have there been in China since ancient times?
I searched on Baidu. Now the most important festivals in China are as follows:
New Year's Day is the first day of the Gregorian calendar, 1 month 1 day. The word "New Year's Day" comes from Xiao Ziyun's poem "Jieya": "Four Qi New Year's Day, long life from today". Yuan is the beginning, the first meaning; Dan is a knowing word. The "sun" above represents the sun and the "one" below represents the horizon. The sun rises from the horizon, symbolizing the beginning of the day. New Year's Day is the first day of the year. Gregorian calendar 65438+ 10 month 1 is recognized as New Year's Day in the world today. 1 On September 27th, 949, the first plenary session of China People's Political Consultative Conference passed the Law on the Chronology of the AD, which designated the Gregorian calendar1as New Year's Day.
Lunar New Year's Eve (New Year's Eve) on December 30th is the last night of the Lunar New Year, that is, the night before the Spring Festival. Because it often falls on the thirtieth day of the twelfth lunar month in the summer calendar, it is also called the thirtieth. Except for the old cloth, it is new. The last day of the year is called "New Year's Eve" and that night is called "New Year's Eve". People often stay up all night on New Year's Eve, which is called keeping watch. Su Shi has "Shousui": "Children can't sleep, and they are happy at night." New Year's Eve is one of the most important traditional festivals in China. On New Year's Eve, people not only clean their homes and outside, but also put up door gods, Spring Festival couplets, New Year pictures and hang up house numbers. People put on new clothes with festive colors and patterns.
The Spring Festival is the first day of the first lunar month. Spring Festival is the most grand and distinctive traditional festival among the people in China, which marks the end of the old year and the beginning of the new year. But among the people, the traditional Spring Festival refers to the sacrificial ceremony from the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month or the 23rd or 24th of the twelfth lunar month to the 15th of the first lunar month in La Worship, with New Year's Eve and the first day of the first lunar month as * * * *. During the Spring Festival, Han people and many ethnic minorities in our country will hold various activities to celebrate. The main contents of these activities are offering sacrifices to gods and buddhas, paying homage to ancestors, saying goodbye to the old year and welcoming the new year, and praying for a bumper harvest. The activities are rich and colorful, with strong national characteristics.
Lantern Festival, the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. Also known as "Shangyuan Festival", that is, the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. This is an important traditional festival in China. In ancient books, this day is called Shangyuan, and its night is called Yuanye, Yuanxi or Yuanxiao. The name Yuanxiao has been used ever since. Because the Lantern Festival has the custom of decorating lanterns and watching lanterns, it is also called "Lantern Festival" among the people. In addition, there are customs such as eating Yuanxiao, walking on stilts and riddles. The ancient calendars in China were closely related to the phases of the moon. On the fifteenth day of each month, people will welcome the first full moon night of the year, which is naturally considered as an auspicious day.
International Women's Day, March 8, Gregorian calendar. China began to commemorate the March 8th Festival on 1922. 1924 China women's first large-scale commemoration of March 8th was held in Guangzhou. From 1949 to 12, the State Council, the central people's government, has designated March 8 as Women's Day every year. The United Nations celebrated International Women's Day from 1975, which confirmed the tradition of ordinary women striving for equal participation in society. 1977, the General Assembly adopted a resolution inviting countries to choose a certain day every year as the United Nations Women's Rights and World Peace Day according to their own history and traditional customs. For the United Nations, International Women's Day is designated as March 8th.
Arbor Day in China, March 12 in Gregorian calendar. "Arbor Day" is a festival stipulated by some national laws to publicize forest benefits and mobilize the masses to participate in voluntary afforestation. According to the length of time, it can be divided into Arbor Day, Tree Planting Week or Tree Planting Month, collectively known as Arbor Day. Through this kind of activity, people's feelings of loving forest afforestation are aroused, people's understanding of forest functions is improved, the greening of the country is promoted, and the purposes of loving forest protection, expanding forest resources and improving ecological environment are achieved. March 12 is the Arbor Day in China, which encourages people of all ethnic groups to plant trees, green the motherland, improve the environment and benefit future generations.
Tomb-Sweeping Day (; The eighth day of the second lunar month. Tomb-Sweeping Day is a traditional festival in China, and it is also the most important festival to worship ancestors and sweep graves. Grave-sweeping is commonly known as going to the grave and offering sacrifices to the dead. Most Han people and some ethnic minorities visit graves in Tomb-Sweeping Day. According to the old custom, when sweeping graves, people should bring food, wine, fruit, paper money and other items to the cemetery, offer food to the graves of their loved ones, then burn the paper money, cultivate new soil for the graves, break some green branches and insert them in front of the graves, then kowtow and worship, and finally go home after eating and drinking.
May 1 day of the Gregorian calendar is International Labor Day. After the founding of New China, the State Council, the Central People's Government, designated May 1 in February, 949 as a national legal holiday. On this day every year, the whole country will celebrate. People put on holiday costumes and happily gather in parks, theaters and squares to participate in various celebration gatherings or cultural and entertainment activities to commend workers who have made outstanding contributions.
On the fourth day of the fifth lunar month, China Youth Day. The May 4th Movement was a thorough and uncompromising patriotic movement against imperialism and feudalism. In order to enable young people to inherit and carry forward the glorious tradition of the May 4th Movement, 1939, the Northwest Youth Salvation Federation in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region designated May 4th as Youth Day. 1949 65438+On February 23rd, the Council of China Municipal People's Government officially designated May 4th as China Youth Day.
The Dragon Boat Festival is on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. Also known as Duanyang, Chongwu and Dragon Boat Festival. As early as the Zhou Dynasty, there was a custom of "storing orchids and bathing on May 5th". But many activities of the Dragon Boat Festival today are related to the memory of Qu Yuan, a great writer in China. On this day, every household will eat zongzi, and dragon boat races will be held all over the south, all of which are related to mourning Qu Yuan. At the same time, the Dragon Boat Festival is also a "health festival" handed down from ancient times. On this day, people sweep the courtyard, hang branches of Artemisia argyi, hang calamus and sprinkle realgar wine to remove rot, sterilize and prevent diseases. These activities also reflect the fine traditions of our nation.
International Children's Day (International Children's Day) is June 1 day in Gregorian calendar. The people and the country of China have designated June 1 day as International Children's Day every year. 1949 65438+On February 23rd, the State Council, the central people's government, designated Children's Day on June 1st as Children's Day in China, and announced that the stipulation of April 4th as Children's Day implemented by the Kuomintang government would be abolished from 193 1. The first Children's Day in China was on April 4th in the 21st year of the Republic of China (1932). In the 20th year of the Republic of China (193 1), the "Shanghai Chinese kindness society" initiated a proposal, hoping that the government would designate April 4th as Children's Day every year. Subsequently, the Ministry of Education formulated a method to commemorate Children's Day, which was implemented on April 4 of the following year.
The birthday of the party concerned is July 1 day of the Gregorian calendar. China * * * The anniversary of the founding of the Producers' Party is in July 1 day of the Gregorian calendar every year. The birth of China's * * * production party has opened up a new era of China's historical development, and made the face of China's revolution look brand-new. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, due to environmental difficulties, it was impossible to find out the exact date of the first congress, so in 194 1 year, the CPC Central Committee decided to hold the first congress and set July 1 day as the party's birthday and anniversary.
Valentine's Day in China is on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month. In China, on the night of the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, the weather is warm and the plants are fragrant. This is commonly known as China Valentine's Day, and some people call it Qiaoqi Festival, Chinese Valentine's Day, Daughter's Day or Qixi Valentine's Day. This is the most romantic festival among the traditional festivals in China, and it is also the most important day for girls in the past. Magpies on earth build a magpie bridge and let the cowherd and the weaver girl meet. This wonderful legend began in the Han dynasty and has been handed down from generation to generation for more than 1000 years. On this day, people have the custom of asking the Weaver Girl for help. It's usually a game to see who is more scheming.
Army Day, August in Gregorian calendar 1 day. August 1 day is the anniversary of the founding of the China People's Liberation Army, so it is also called "August 1 Army Day". 1 July 933 1 1 day, on the basis of the proposal of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission on June 30th, the Chinese Soviet * * and the Provisional Central Government of People's Republic of China (PRC) decided August1day as the anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants. 1On June 5th, 949, the People's Revolutionary Military Commission of China issued an order stipulating that the flag and emblem of the China People's Liberation Army should be marked with the word "August 1st". After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), this anniversary was renamed the Army Day of China People's Liberation Army.
The Mid-Autumn Festival is on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month. Mid-Autumn Festival is the second largest traditional festival in China after Spring Festival. It falls on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month, which coincides with half of Sanqiu, hence the name "Mid-Autumn Festival", also known as "Mid-Autumn Festival". Because this festival is in autumn and August, it is also called "Autumn Festival" and "August Festival". There is also the belief in praying for reunion and related holiday activities, so it is also called "Reunion Festival" and "Daughter's Day". Because the main activities of the Mid-Autumn Festival are all around the moon, it is also commonly known as the "Moon Festival" and "Moon Festival". In the Tang Dynasty, the Mid-Autumn Festival was also called "correcting the moon". About the origin of Mid-Autumn Festival, there are roughly three kinds.
Double Ninth Festival, the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. In ancient China, the ninth was the sun, and the ninth of September was the sun of the cloudy moon, hence the name "Chongyang". The Double Ninth Festival has folk customs such as making dogwood, drinking chrysanthemum wine, holding temple fairs and climbing mountains. Because "Gao" and "Gao" are homonyms, there is a custom of eating "Chongyang cake" on the Double Ninth Festival. In the ancient Book of Changes, "six" was defined as yin number and "nine" as yang number. On September 9, the sun and the moon combined with the sun, and February 9 was the most important, so it was called Chongyang, also known as Chongyang. The ancients thought it was an auspicious day to celebrate, and this festival was celebrated from a very young age.
Teacher's Day (Teacher's Day), September 10 in Gregorian calendar. The 9th meeting of the 6th the NPC Standing Committee made a resolution to designate September 6th every year as China Teachers' Day. Teachers' Day is the only three professional festivals in China, including Nurses' Day and Journalists' Day. Since 193 1 year, there have been four teachers' days with different dates and natures in different historical periods in China.
National Day, Gregorian calendar 10 month 1 day. 1949 65438+On February 2, the fourth meeting of the Central People's Government Committee accepted the recommendation of the China People's Political Consultative Conference, adopted the Resolution on the National Day of the People of China, and decided that 10, the great day when People's Republic of China (PRC) was proclaimed, was the people of China. Since then, June is the birthday of our great motherland every year. National Day is a feature of modern nation-state, which appears with the emergence of modern nation-state and becomes particularly important. It has become a symbol of an independent country, reflecting the country's state system and polity.
Laba porridge festival is on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month. In ancient times, the sacrifice to "gods" in December was called the twelfth lunar month, so the twelfth lunar month was called the twelfth lunar month. On the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, the old custom is to drink Laba porridge. According to legend, Sakyamuni became a Buddha on this day, so every time the temple cooked porridge for the Buddha on this day, the people followed suit and became a custom, which continues to this day. "Shuowen" contains: "Three days after the winter, La Worship will be guarded by 100 gods." It can be seen that the third garrison day after the winter solstice is the twelfth month. Later, due to the intervention of Buddhism, the twelfth lunar month was changed to the eighth day of December, and it has since become a custom.
In addition to the traditional Chinese festivals and important national legal anniversaries mentioned above, there are also many national legal industry anniversaries. I also made a general statistical registration of the "foreign festivals" introduced from abroad that Chinese young people especially like.
Gregorian calendar January:
65438+1 October New Year's Day 1,1October Adult Festival 15,1October Last Sunday International Leprosy Festival1.
Gregorian calendar February:
February 2 is World Wetlands Day, and February 14 is Valentine's Day.
Gregorian calendar March:
March 3rd National Love Ear Day, March 5th Youth Volunteer Service Day, March 8th International Women's Day, March 9th Mother River Protection Day, March 12 China Arbor Day, March 14 white day, March 14 International Police Day, March 15 World Consumer Rights Day,
Gregorian calendar April:
April Fool's Day, April 5th, Tomb-Sweeping Day, April 7th, World Health Day, April 22nd, Earth Day and April 26th, World Intellectual Property Day.
May in the solar calendar:
May 1 International Labor Day, May 3, world asthma day, May 4, China Youth Day, May 8, World Red Cross Day, May 12 International Nurses Day, May 15 International Family Day, May 17 World Telecommunication Day, May 20, National Student Nutrition Day, May
June in the solar calendar:
June 1 International Children's Day, June 5, World Environment Day International Environment Day, June 6, National Eye Care Day, June 17 World Day to Combat Desertification, June 23, International Olympic Day, June 25, National Land Day, June 26, International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking, and the third Sunday in June is Father's Day.
Gregorian calendar July:
July 1 is the anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), July 1 is the International Architecture Day, July 7 is the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Memorial Day of China people, and July 1 1 is the World Population Day.
August of Gregorian calendar:
August 1 Day China People's Liberation Army Day, August 12 International Youth Day.
Gregorian calendar September:
September 8th International Literacy Day, September 6th China Teacher's Day, September 6th China Brain Health Day, September 6th International Ozone Layer Protection Day, September 20th national love teeth day, September 26th World Ceasefire Day, September 27th world tourism day, September 3rd Tuesday International Peace Day, September 3rd Saturday National Defense Education Day and September 4th Sunday International Deaf Day.
Gregorian calendar October:
65438+1 October 1 China people's national day, 65438+1 October1international music day, 65438+ 1 October/international festival for the elderly, 65438+ October 5th World Teachers' Day (established by UNESCO), 65438+1October 8th National Hypertension Day, 65438+1October 9th World Postal Day, 65438+1October 60th World Mental Health Day 65438+1October. 65438+1 World Development Information Day on October 24th, 1 China Men's Health Day on October 28th, 65438+1 International Biodiversity Day on October 29th, June 3rd 1, 1. 1， 1， 1， 1， 1， 1， 1
Gregorian calendar 1 1 month:
165438+1China Journalists' Day on October 8th165438+1fire prevention publicity day on October 9th165438+1World Diabetes Day on October 4th160. 165438+1International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women on October 25th,165438+1Thanksgiving Day on the last Thursday in October.
Gregorian calendar December:
65438+February 1 World AIDS Day, 65438+February 3 World Day for Helping the Disabled, 65438+February 4 National Legal Publicity Day, 65438+February 9 World Football Day, 65438+February 25 Christmas Day and 65438+February 29 International Biodiversity Day.
Nowadays, there are many kinds of Chinese and foreign festivals, which are dazzling, but our Chinese nation has a long history and colorful festival activities, which are cultural assets handed down from generation to generation. Although individual festivals have different styles, they all retain the wisdom and experience of their ancestors to some extent. Besides the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, ethnic minorities all over the country have also celebrated traditional festivals in China, such as the Water-splashing Festival of the Dai people, the Nadam Festival of the Mongolian people, the Torch Festival of the Yi people, the Danu Festival of the Yao people, the March Street of the Bai people, the Xu Ge of the Zhuang people, the Tibetan calendar year and the Guowang Festival, and the jump flower festival of the Miao people. We have the responsibility to protect traditional festivals in China, introduce and publicize festivals in China to foreigners, and promote international exchanges, instead of letting western festivals lead us by the nose.
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