The custom of Chinese New Year in Hainan

Sacrifice the stove to sweep the dust.

Hainan people celebrate the Spring Festival from the twelfth lunar month? The 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month is the "Festival of Sacrificing Kitchen". Sacrificing the kitchen stove is a man's business. The idol on the kitchen stove at home should be burned and given to the kitchen god. When offering sacrifices to the stove, clean water and grass food should be prepared for the horse of the kitchen god. It was not until the first day of the first month that Kitchen God was welcomed home.

After the kitchen god sent him away, he began to clean the house. At this time, every household should prepare a new broom to clean the roof and walls. This is called "sweeping the dust (Chen)"

Iron power, ancestor worship

30th this year, near the climax of Spring Festival travel rush. On this morning, every household will post Spring Festival couplets, door gods and welfare. The advantage is to stick it on the top of the gate, with odd numbers, usually five. Hainan people still hang a string of oranges tied with red ropes at every door. Oranges should be hung in even numbers, which means "good luck" when going out.

In the afternoon, ancestor worship begins, and people who go home for the New Year should also go home at this time. Sacrificing ancestors is to respect ancestors, burn paper money, put candles, offer sacrifices, pay tribute to ancestors, and then set off firecrackers. At this time, people can sit down, and after sitting down, they can't eat, waiting for their elders to talk. The New Year's Eve dinner began in such a lively way. Hainan people are too young to kill chickens. One thing is also essential, that is "fish", which means "more than one year". Hainan people must have two special things for the New Year, one is celery (Oenanthe javanica), and the other is fans. Qin is homophonic with "diligence" Putting celery on the table means that the delicious food on the table today is the result of hard work; Fans represent longevity. If the child eats a long fan at the dinner table, shout "longevity".

New Year's Eve is the last night of the Lunar New Year, and it is a carnival night. This night, every household will "keep watch". Hainanese don't eat jiaozi in the New Year, so they take out some pre-prepared rice cakes and sweets. The whole family will happily celebrate the New Year together by watching TV programs, chatting or playing mahjong. If you don't have the energy to persist until dawn, you can also "make happiness" (sleep) after midnight.

Earn tea and robes.

On new year's eve, enter the first day of the new year and enter the official festival. From the first day to the fifteenth day, it is considered as the New Year. The first day I opened the door and set off firecrackers to ward off evil spirits. Welcome to XiShen. Some places will take Kitchen God back at this time.

On the first day, people worship God. They set off firecrackers early in the morning to worship the ancestors of heaven and earth, and then give red envelopes to children. On this day, people usually don't go out to pay New Year greetings, but now people don't pay attention to this point, but the old people still hope that the first person to visit in the New Year is a boy. Relatives and friends congratulate each other, say auspicious words, give their children red envelopes, and then sit together to drink tea and taste candy. This is the so-called "making tea". Old people like to put two oranges in red envelopes to show good luck, but such red envelopes are usually given to some married people. There are many taboos on the first day of the first month. No medicine, no empty rice jar, no sweeping the floor, no back door, no firewood? No swearing, no hitting, etc. On the second day of the Lunar New Year, the married daughter returned to her parents' home with her children and her children. If you are a businessman, you should sacrifice to the god of wealth the next day. On the third day, the old people said that the third day was a "broken (oral) day", which was not suitable for going out to avoid being spoken ill of, but now the wind has faded. On the fourth day, I saw God during the day and God at night. According to legend, the fifth day is the birthday of the god of wealth. From grade one to grade four, there are many taboos. On the fifth day, when the game is broken, the offerings to ancestors can be withdrawn, the garbage can be taken out, the knives and scissors can be moved, and the porridge can be eaten. Shops in the streets and alleys are open to welcome guests and welcome the god of wealth. On the seventh day, People's Day, everyone's birthday. On the eighth day, Hainan people's grandfather's birthday, you can't sweep the floor or make the land dirty, or you will be in trouble if you annoy the landlord. The ninth day, the jade emperor's birthday, is the day to worship heaven. From the sixth day of the sixth year, Hainanese began to "wear robes", that is, they asked the bodhisattvas or gods in the nearby temples to make a sacred case, and four people carried gongs and drums to every household in the village to light lamps to exorcise evil spirits. "Lighting a lamp" means "sending a tripod". Every household prepares some cakes to worship when "taking the robe". At this time, the old people let their children drill the ass of "Gong Zu (Bodhisattva)", thinking that this will bring good luck in the coming year.

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Hainan's Spring Festival customs, which are deeply influenced by the Central Plains culture, are similar to those in the mainland, but influenced by Nanyang's "sea" culture in the exchange and development of history and culture, Hainan people's custom of celebrating the Spring Festival has gradually formed its own characteristics.

Spring Festival couplets are vivid cultural sketches. People usually express their hopes and prayers for the future through Spring Festival couplets. Hainan people are generally more traditional in the choice of Spring Festival couplets. In Hainan, Spring Festival couplets are usually finished before New Year's Eve, and are done by children or young people. What is different is that Hainan people paste Spring Festival couplets and "Li Qianyi", a kind of paper made of red paper and full of small round holes. As long as you go for a walk in the countryside, you can see four "Li Qian" fluttering in the wind on the doorframes of every household, and even the "Li Qian" is stuck on agricultural tools such as water tanks, stoves, stoves, plows and rakes.

Hainan people like to be lively and pursue a warm atmosphere, and setting off firecrackers is the best way to create this lively atmosphere. In Hainan, if anyone sets off the most firecrackers this year, the harvest of this family will be very good, and the harvest next year will be even better. Especially at 0: 00 on the first day of the first month, people are always scrambling to set off firecrackers. Hainan people like to set off firecrackers best. "Wansansan" means "Duoduo" or "Duoduo" in Hainan dialect. If your life is beautiful now and your family is safe and happy, how would you express this happiness? The custom of Hainan people is to buy a few shad, steam them on New Year's Eve, and store them on the second day of the first month to worship their ancestors.

People may ask, why not offer fish to worship their ancestors at the reunion dinner on New Year's Eve? In order to celebrate the bumper harvest in the past year, Hainan people should tell their ancestors that this year's harvest is the best and the Chinese New Year reunion dinner is the most abundant. They eat big, fat chickens and have leftovers. Therefore, when they worship their ancestors on New Year's Eve, they all choose the biggest and fattest chicken. By the next day, the fish had been stored at home for two days, and the chicken had just been eaten, which means more than a year.

The rice cake stands for getting taller every year. Greeting the Spring Festival and eating rice cakes means that the days of the Spring Festival will get better and better every day. Hainan people make rice cakes, in addition to offering sacrifices and eating them themselves, they also give them to relatives and friends, wishing them a better life in the coming year. In Wenchang, almost every household has the habit of making "sugar cakes". The raw materials for making sugar cakes are very rich, including peanuts, sesame seeds, popcorn, sand red and so on. On New Year's Day, neighbors pay New Year greetings to each other, and all take out sugar cakes to entertain them, wishing each other a sweeter New Year than sugar.

Wenchang people also have a unique habit, that is, when they visit their relatives and friends for the New Year, they must bring their own sugar cakes to them. If they go home to pay New Year's greetings, they must bring their own sugar cakes and wish them a better harvest and a sweeter life in the new year. Nowadays, shops sell all kinds of sweets and cakes all the time, which is very convenient to eat, but Hainan people still like to make their own "sugar cakes", also called "sugar tribute".

In order to pray for good luck, Hainan people still don't forget to put some big oranges on the platform of ancestor worship.

The customs of New Year greetings vary from place to place in Hainan. In some places, New Year's greetings are celebrated on the second day of the first year, but they are tasteless on the fourth day of the third year. In some places, people can't pay New Year greetings at home on the first day. In New Year's greetings, oranges or orange leaves are usually added to the gifts to express "good luck this year".

The next day, the married daughter took her husband and children back to her family to pay a New Year call. If she goes back to her mother's house to celebrate the New Year in the first year of marriage, she will bring her own firecrackers and show her a string of firecrackers in front of the door. A daughter and son-in-law pays a New Year call to her parents-in-law, which is the most solemn New Year call. On this day, the rest of the family (especially the elders) should stay at home and accept their congratulations. Parents-in-law should prepare a sumptuous banquet. When the daughter and son-in-law leave in the afternoon, they should give their daughter candy and rice cakes wrapped in red paper as "welcome".

On the third day of the third year, some places in Hainan are called "fried test", that is, the dry rice, chicken and duck heads and feet specially cooked on New Year's Eve are fried in a frying pan before eating, to show that there is still surplus from last year to this year, which also means that one year has passed.

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