House decoration process and matters needing attention

Notes and precautions on the whole process from commencement to occupancy:

There are four processes in decoration, namely, water and electricity, bricklaying, carpentry and painting. The four processes are interrelated and influence each other, and standardized process standards are the guarantee of quality.

I. Initial stage

After the design is completed and the budget is determined, we can start work.

(1) Property related procedures

The decoration company will bring a copy of the business license and relevant design drawings, and go to the property company with you to go through the relevant formalities. Remember to bring enough cash, first of all, you need to pay the decoration deposit, the general amount is 2000 yuan, and the owner and the decoration company pay 50% each. However, it is recommended that all of them be paid by the owner, because if the decoration company pays, there is basically no return. Pay the property management fee, buy water and electricity, and the decoration company needs to apply for the construction personnel pass.

If the house is closed on the same day, the property company will send people to suppress, test the water and check the electricity.

(2) Site design disclosure:

The so-called design disclosure means that on the first day of construction, the designer takes a full set of design drawings to the construction site and makes disclosure to the project supervisor. Project supervision is generally experienced in the field. In the process of design disclosure, some design omissions can often be found, and designers will be required to make design modifications. Workers carry out construction in strict accordance with the design drawings, so once design errors and omissions are found, designers must immediately modify the design, and after the design modification, the budget should be adjusted accordingly.

(3) hydropower positioning:

The hydropower part generally needs to be reformed. The basic principles of hydropower transformation are as follows: the waterway behind the water meter is completely transformed and the pipeline is re-laid; Generally, the original circuit is used as much as possible, and only local modifications or additions are made. Because the cost of hydropower transformation is generally settled in advance and truthfully immediately after completion, it is easy to be ensnared carelessly, and the actual settlement amount greatly exceeds the amount received in advance. In order to protect the interests of consumers, the project supervisor must first clearly tell the owner that the pre-payment of hydropower transformation in the budget can complete those projects. Waterway reconstruction is generally simple, and it can meet the needs of toilets, kitchens, washing machines and mopping pools. The key is to pay attention to whether the circuit transformation can meet your needs. The project manager should tell you what he can do for you according to the amount received in advance, and then draw on the wall one by one with chalk. If additional increase is needed, you must also tell you clearly how much the added part needs to be increased.

(4) find the level

When a mason enters the field, the first thing to do is to find a good level. Now, laser levels is generally used to directly play the horizontal line on the wall, and then play the ink line. Without laser levels, we can only use the old method of injecting water into transparent plastic pipes to find the level.

(5) smash the wall to build a wall

If there are old walls to be demolished and new walls to be built, workers will carry out the construction according to the design drawings. Designers should be familiar with the building structure, and be careful when removing or moving the wall: the load-bearing wall cannot be removed; The beam can't be smashed; In the case of no beam below, generally do not build a new wall directly on the ground, even if you have to build a new wall, you should use lightweight bricks; Don't remove the bathroom wall easily to prevent the original waterproof structure from being damaged. In order to make full use of the space, some owners are whimsical and require to smash half of the 24-story wall, while some designers design according to the requirements of the owners. We should know that the existing walls are hollow bricks, even light bricks. When the sledgehammer hits them, the whole wall will collapse. It is impossible to smash half of them unless they are all smashed for reconstruction, but it costs money to smash reconstruction. The wall must be built with new bricks and the red bricks must be watered first. Horizontal and vertical lines must be hung properly. At the joint between the new wall and the old wall, the original cement mortar of the old wall must be removed first, two holes with a depth of 5-8 cm should be drilled in the old wall every 10 brick, and then two 6mm steel bars should be inserted side by side, and the steel bars left outside with a length exceeding 15cm should be buried in the new wall to ensure the stable connection between the new and old walls. The bonding surface of new and old walls should be hung with 20-30 cm wide steel wire mesh before plastering.

(6) Handling at the door

The height of the standard door leaf is generally 2 meters, and the highest is about 2.2 meters. If the doorway exceeds this height, it must be treated.

Many decoration companies use gypsum board to treat the keel, and then scrape it with putty and paint it. After a long time, cracks will inevitably appear at the joint between gypsum board and brick wall.

The correct construction technology should be pouring cement lintel now, adding at least 3 8 mm steel bars inside the lintel, filling it with bricks after the lintel is installed, and then batch cement mortar.

(7) flue treatment

Because there are many residents in high-rise buildings and the flue temperature is particularly high, a layer of cement mortar should be added after the flue is hung, otherwise the tiles will fall off easily in the future.

(8) Wall plastering

The newly built wall must be watered before plastering, the red brick must be thoroughly watered, and the light brick should be moderately watered. Pay attention to ensure that the wall is flat when approving the ash.

2. Hydropower transformation project

(1) waterway reconstruction

1. Heaven and Earth

There are two methods for waterway reconstruction, one is "going to heaven" and the other is "going to the ground". These two methods have their own advantages.

The so-called Heaven means that the pipeline is installed on the ceiling, which is suitable for installing a ceiling through the route, on the grounds that it is convenient for future maintenance. However, long-term exposure to air will easily lead to aging of pipelines, which will affect their service life.

The so-called underground, that is, all pipelines are buried underground, the disadvantage is that once leakage occurs, it is more difficult to maintain. At present, most of them are basically buried.

2. Go straight, horizontal and vertical

There are also two methods for pipeline alignment, one is to take the shortest straight line, and the other is to pay attention to horizontal and vertical. Generally speaking, the latter is more.

3. Install the main valve

Some real estate water meters are installed downstairs, and there is no main valve after entering the house. A main valve should be installed for future maintenance.

4. Hot water pipe insulation

Hot water pipes generally have insulation layers. But the insulation layer should not enter the kitchen and bathroom, because there is often water in these parts, which can easily penetrate into other areas through the insulation layer. This is the practical experience summed up in the process of use.

5. Pipe diameter

Generally, 25mm pipes are used for main water pipes and 20mm pipes for branch pipes. It is also a popular trend to use all hot water pipes. The only difference between hot water pipeline and cold water pipeline is the different wall thickness of the pipeline.

6. Keep a reasonable distance between hot water pipes and cold water pipes.

7. Pipeline connection Pipeline connection adopts hot melting method, and the key technology is to master the hot melting temperature.

8. The position of the internal teeth bending

The so-called internal tooth bend refers to the internal lead bend of the connected faucet, and its position is particularly important. One is not crooked, and the other is to be flat with the tiles. In order to ensure the correct position, the plumber should not use cement to fix it immediately after installation, but use wood square to fix it temporarily, and position himself when the bricklayer lays the wall tiles.

9. Treatment of pipeline intersection position

At the intersection of pipes, the bridge should be bent, so that after treatment, it only occupies the height of one water pipe and will not raise the ground extra.

10. Waterway quality inspection

After all pipelines are installed, they must pass the pressure test. Generally, it can be pressurized to10kg for more than 2 hours. If the pressure basically does not drop, the project quality is qualified.

1 1. Check whether the water is unblocked.

Pay attention to check whether the sewer pipe is clear. If it is found that the sewer pipe is not smooth, the general reason is that during the construction process, the sewer pipe falls into cement mortar and blocks the pipe. You can go downstairs and open the manhole to clear it.

(2) Circuit transformation

First of all, review the physics knowledge learned in senior high school.

Power consumption: KW/H, commonly known as "degree"

Unit of power: Watt.

Current (I) Unit: Ampere

Voltage unit: Volt

Power = current? Voltage, that is, p = u.

Power consumption = power? Power consumption time, that is, power consumption = P Tan.

National standard wire loadable current value: cross-sectional area of copper core (square millimeter) allows long-term current (ampere) allows load (watt) 2.5 16-25 3520-5500.

4.0 25-32 5500—7040

6.0 32-40 7040—8800

The above allowable load is the data of the guide line under the condition of natural heat dissipation in the air. Considering the influence on heat dissipation after burial, the following data are calculated according to the safety factor 1mm2/5A:

Cross-sectional area of copper conductor (square millimeter) allows long-term current (ampere) allows load (watt)

2.5 12.5A 2750w

4.0 20A 4400w watt

6.0 30A 6600W

After you get safe data through this calculation method, you will know how many wires you should use according to the power consumption of your household appliances.

At present, the household line of commercial housing is basically10mm2, the air-conditioning dedicated line is 4mm2, and the socket is 2.5mm2..

Problems needing attention in circuit reform;

1. Use GB wire.

The wires produced by small factories are basically non-standard products, which are cheap, but the materials are poor, the technology is backward, and the quality can not meet the national standards. It is not recommended to use them. Wires produced by regular enterprises and meeting national standards should be used. (At present, Hengyang Jinbei Line is widely used in Changsha)

2. Don't move the high-voltage control box easily. It is often seen that some owners ask to move the high-voltage control box, which is quite rash. The household wires of the high-voltage control box are all 10 mm multi-strand wires, which need to be wired when moving. The connection requirements of multi-strand wires are relatively high, and they must be crossed before they can be wound in a single strand, and finally pressed with special tools. Workers in general decoration companies have neither special tools nor technology, so don't move easily.

3. Visual doorbell shift Although the visual doorbell shift is simple, it is generally connected in multiple colors. If you have wires with multiple colors on hand, just cut them from the middle and connect them with wires of the same color. However, it is impossible for the decoration company to have wires of various colors, which is very easy to make mistakes, so it is recommended to relocate the property.

4. Network wiring layout Network wiring can generally go from the weak box in the living room to one room, and then lead to other rooms from there.

5. The switch socket must be replaced. The switch socket originally installed by the developer is of poor quality, including the bottom box, which should be replaced. (The bottom box is included in the half-package budget of the decoration company, and the all-package project with the switch panel as the main material is included.)

6. The slotting process is to spring the thread first, then cut it, and finally slotting it with an impact hammer. After the pipeline is buried, the depth of the groove should leave room for sealing cement.

7. Double control circuit The so-called double control circuit means that a lamp can control the switch in different places, mainly used in bedrooms, living rooms, corridors and other places. Although the dual control is convenient, it needs instruments and can be solved by other methods. For example, you can leave a socket in the aisle, install a nightlight and leave it open at night. For example, you can use a desk lamp in the bedroom, turn off the ceiling lamp when you sleep, and turn off the desk lamp when you sleep, which is convenient and saves money.

8. The cabinet air conditioning circuit is a 4-square-wire loop. Generally, an air switch should be installed. If you use 16 A socket, you must buy high-quality products, otherwise it is easy to cause a fire due to insufficient socket capacity.

9. Leave enough space for the catheter. For two reasons, the total cross-sectional area of the conductor in the conduit should not exceed 60% of the cross-sectional area of the conduit. First, there should be enough space for the power cord to dissipate heat. Second, it is convenient to replace the wires in the future. It is forbidden to have connectors for the wires in the conduit. Brand catheters should be used instead of cheap catheters. Only in shear walls, beams and roofs can yellow wax pipes be used as wire casings, and it is forbidden to use them in other places. If yellow wax pipes are used in these positions, it is in line with the process specifications, please rest assured the owner.

10. Pipeline turning treatment

Don't use elbows or bend at will when the catheter turns, but use a spring pipe bender.

1 1. Keep the distance between strong and weak current lines. The so-called strong electricity refers to the 220V and 380V power supply lines, and the slightly weak electricity refers to the network, telephone and TV strip lines. When they are parallel, they should keep a distance of more than 30 cm. (to prevent electromagnetic interference) 12. Lamps and lanterns are installed. Large lamps and lanterns are fixed with metal expansion screws, while small lamps and lanterns must be fixed with plastic expansion screws. Wooden tips are strictly prohibited.

12. For loop acceptance, generally use megger (shaking table) to detect the insulation resistance between each group of wires, and the insulation resistance of each loop should be around 0.5 megohm.

13. Cement seal can only be used after inspection.

14. It is especially recommended that the installation of electrical appliances with large electricity consumption must be based on the load borne by the original residential lines and meters. For example, the installation of electric floor heating in the whole house must be carefully considered. The electricity consumption of electric floor heating plus other household appliances cannot exceed the maximum load of lines and instruments. (Be sure to calculate the maximum power of electric floor heating, and use wires with appropriate specifications for separate circuits. )

3. Masonry technology

(1) The ground is flat.

In the past, "point elevation" was generally used for ground leveling, that is, after the horizontal line was drawn, cement mortar was used to make several standard height blocks, and leveling was carried out according to these standard height blocks during construction. Now the length and width of the floor are completely different from before. When laying the floor, the requirements for the flatness of the ground are getting higher and higher. If it is slightly uneven, it will seriously affect the quality of floor laying. So this backward technology was gradually eliminated. At present, the process of "lacing and leveling" is generally adopted. In this process, first draw a horizontal line on the ground, and then pile up 5-8 cm wide bars on the ground with dry cement mortar every 2 meters. After the horizontal bar is solidified, the ground leveling operation can be started. First of all, the ground must be cleaned and sprinkled with water (if there is crust on the original ground, it should be removed). If the ground burns ash, you should first sweep a layer of cement slurry. Then, the cement mortar with suitable dry and wet conditions is poured between the two transverse bars, and the aluminum alloy strip is pushed against the two transverse bars to flatten the cement mortar. The drying and humidity of cement mortar must be well controlled. If too thin cement mortar is used, it will easily sink in the middle after drying. Where the floor heating is laid, because there is already a heat storage layer below, the leveling layer above is generally only 2-3 cm thick, so the cement mortar generally needs to be slightly thinner to ensure the close connection between the two layers. Moreover, the construction of the leveling layer should be completed immediately on the second day after the completion of the heat storage layer, so as to ensure the close connection between the two layers and avoid the phenomenon of empty drum between the two layers.

(2) Tile paving technology

A. Floor tile paving

A good mason will not rush to start laying tiles on the ground as soon as he enters the construction site. He will generally carefully measure the ground, pay off the line, and carefully study the stickers from that position to minimize the loss of tiles.