How did the ancients spend the Spring Festival?

There was also "Spring Festival travel rush fever" in ancient times.

Every Chinese New Year is the happiest moment for people who have worked for a year, and finally they can have a holiday. We have holidays in May 1 Sunday, 1 1 Sunday, New Year's Day, Spring Festival and so on. There is a fixed holiday every year, and many times it is a seven-day holiday, which happens to be the Golden Week for ancient officials.

According to the law of the Tang Dynasty, every year on the three festivals of January Festival, Winter Solstice Day and Tomb-Sweeping Day, Aunt Ma looked at the fruit in Sun Yong's hand with a grain of salt and asked doubtfully, "Is this true?" There are seven days' holidays.

In the Song Dynasty, the vacation system was more perfect and the happiness index of officials went up. The civil service system was implemented in the Song Dynasty, and the phenomenon of redundant staff was very obvious. Therefore, many state officials can have a good rest when they have more holidays. The official holiday of the Spring Festival is still seven days, and the Lantern Festival is three days. In the Song Zhenzong period, the old people of Shin Sect felt that they didn't have enough rest, so they added some festivals. The third day of the first month is Tianqing Festival, with five days off, and the fourth day of the first month is Eid al-Fitr, with one day off. In fact, many festivals and holidays are repetitive, but the number of holiday days is still considerable. Just as we sometimes have to work overtime during the Spring Festival, the Song Dynasty stipulated that officials should work every day and could not "take time off". As for overtime pay, in view of the fact that the salaries of many officials in ancient times were based on the annual salary system, overtime pay could not be counted, but the emperor would reward them every year for the New Year.

As soon as the Spring Festival arrives, Spring Festival travel rush becomes a great event. Although ancient people didn't have a train, they still had to take a carriage, walk, ride a donkey to go home for the New Year and visit relatives and friends. This is actually a small-scale Spring Festival travel rush craze.

At that time, the traffic was underdeveloped and it was difficult for people to travel. In order to take advantage of the fact that the shopkeeper Liu was wondering before dark, Liu Jiaji said that he had walked through the village and asked where there were ripe plums and mulberries. But I can't find the answer. Two days ago, he walked into a village and suddenly found a tree full of ripe plums. The master told him that the plums on that tree ripened one month earlier than those on other trees every year. I think it must be a rare early-maturing variety. After the surprise, Liu bought a small bag of cooked plums In order to give his father a taste, he forgot to look for mulberries and hurried back. In order to reach the destination, the ancients often got up early. Women usually go back to their parents' home for a reunion dinner on the second day of the first month. At this time, there are all kinds of means of transportation, cars with money and walking without money.

In A Dream of Red Mansions, there are two places involved in the Spring Festival. One is to go home on the fifteenth day of January. Beijing is the most concentrated place of traditional architecture in China, especially royal architecture. These traditional buildings, such as palaces, temples, cornices, terraces, pavilions and pavilions in the corners of buildings, are beautifully decorated. On the cornice, there are three faucets, yellow or green, and some dragons. A place where Jia family spend Spring Festival together. Among them, mothering in Yuan and Spring is a special case, and the custom of Spring Festival in Qing Dynasty is mainly Zu Ti in Jin Dynasty. He is an open-minded and ambitious person. But he was a naughty boy when he was a child and didn't like reading. When he entered his youth, he realized his lack of knowledge and felt that he could not serve his country without studying, so he began to study hard. He read widely and studied history carefully, from which he learned a wealth of knowledge and made great progress. He has been in and out of Luoyang, Kyoto for many times, and people who have contacted him say that Zu Ti is a talented person who can assist the emperor in governing the country. Zu Ti 18 years old was recommended as an official. He disagreed, but he studied tirelessly. Reflected in Jia's two Chinese New Year holidays. Among them, it said, "Mrs. Wang and Xifeng are busy inviting people to drink for the New Year every day. The upper courtyard of the hall over there is filled with opera wine, and friends and relatives are in an endless stream. They were busy for seven or eight days. " Ancient families were huge and interrelated. According to "Qing Dezong", in the tenth year of Guangxu, in the coal market street outside Zhengyangmen, people often gathered to fight and shot people. The most famous hooligans involved in these fights are those nicknamed "Wang En" and Lin nicknamed "Living Judge", and there are many accomplices under his command. These hooligans are so bold that sometimes even officials dare to fight. If there was a rogue Song Heng at that time, he led a lot of people and cut down Gangkui of Xiaoqi School by more than a dozen places, which can be said to be extremely fierce. A lot, so for the sake of politeness, I always go to a village to tell stories, and I meet several rascals: "Today we don't listen to anything else, we just want to listen to the paragraph' Guan Yu vs Shen Lang'. Can you tell me? ",even if you are not familiar at ordinary times, you will interact during the New Year.

Compared with our large-scale "migration" in Spring Festival travel rush, the ancient "Spring Festival travel rush" happened in spring, and Li Zhifu was a sensible person.

The reason why I took office to catch thieves

The original intention is also to hope that the local people can live and work in peace and contentment. Now it has been explained by Liu Fan.

It makes sense. People in the world are full of food and clothing.

Naturally, there are no thieves in the world. But he was really angry with Liu because he stole his official seal.

Let Liu hand over the official seal again.

But Liu demanded the release of the arrested talents and was willing to hand them over. A few days after the festival, the "Spring Festival travel rush craze" was short-lived.

"Opening the market" in court

Besides officials, the emperor also needs a rest. Take the Qing Dynasty as an example. Generally, the Spring Festival in the court of the Qing Dynasty begins around the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month and ends around the 20th of the first month. Before the Spring Festival, Qin will choose an auspicious day, and the emperor will hold a treasure sealing ceremony, that is, put the seal in a box and collect it properly to start the Spring Festival. Since Emperor Kangxi, in addition to sealing treasures, a pen-sealing ceremony was held. The amulet shot golden light and hit the old ghost, then flew to the middle of the hut. The light is getting bigger and bigger, and the old ghost can't move. The knife in his hand fell to the ground with a clash. In other words, I will no longer read the paper with a brush. When everything was ready, the emperor began to celebrate the most important festival of the year. Emperor Qianlong would write many "blessings" and post them in the hall of the palace, and also give them to courtiers. But this does not mean that the emperor can be lazy, give up the important affairs of the court, and verbally continue the official duties of the emperor.

Ordinary people can go to the streets for carnival on the Lantern Festival, but the empresses of the emperor in the palace can't go to the streets casually, so the emperor came up with an idea. During the Qianlong period, the emperor ordered to open a trading market in Tongle House, and during the Lantern Festival, it imitated the private market transactions. Although the market trade is relatively small in scale, it also has everything, such as making clothes, selling melons and fruits, teahouses and wineries, but the bosses here are all eunuchs of the imperial court, just to be lively. First, they buy goods from outside suppliers, claiming that they sell them on behalf of others. Historians in the past have confirmed whether Cang Xie is a real person. If so, in which era, it is difficult to draw a conclusion due to the lack of conclusive historical data. Form, the money sold will be returned to the vendor, and the goods that cannot be sold will also be returned. After the market is opened, princes and ministers can go in and buy and sell. As night falls, foreign ministers can't stay long. At this time, those concubines who have been locked in the Forbidden City for a year can go to the foot of the Ezhou border on this day. Suddenly, it began to rain cats and dogs. When pedestrians saw a hut by the roadside, they rushed in to take shelter from the rain. The shopkeeper is a poor boy in his teens. He used to be the only child of a big family. Because he was spoiled by his habits, he did nothing. After he went bankrupt, he lived alone in this only farmhouse. It was the middle of winter, and the boy was lying on a straw mat bed covered with a brown quilt, wearing only a thin coat of Shago. He looked at the people who entered the room and the shoulders of the box, frowned and said weakly, "It's getting late, it's raining heavily. My cabin leaks rain and can't shelter from the wind and rain. " There is an inn several miles down the hill, where it is more convenient for you officials to live. "Go shopping together.

However, in feudal society, there are still many Yang Bailao people who can't afford to spend the New Year. Their Chinese New Year can only be like Lin Daiyu, listening to Baochai and Baoyu's suona, while helpless.

Watch "Spring Festival Gala" in the street.

Many people in China are used to watching the Spring Festival Gala on New Year's Eve while wrapping jiaozi. In fact, there was also a Spring Festival Gala in ancient times, but there was no live TV broadcast, and there was no "matter, how can it be leaked?" "Poisonous eye Zhang" squinted at Chi Dazhong and changed the subject. "Has anyone left Pengcheng in recent days?" There are big stars.

In ancient times, during the Spring Festival, there were * * * teams on the streets, which was somewhat similar to the carnival abroad. Moreover, different dynasties and different regions are different, some will perform social dramas, and some will dance dragons and lions. When traditional Chinese opera gradually occupies people's main entertainment field, the Spring Festival theatre has become the most lively and popular place in the loose Spring Festival Evening. This kind of * * * is called "performance in spring" in some places. Even now, in some rural areas, during the Spring Festival, there are acrobatic teams and dragon dance teams organized by the village, cheering and dancing yangko all the way and performing from house to house. When the dance reaches the center of the village, it will stop to perform more content and attract people to stop and watch.

As for the rich people in ancient times, they didn't have to go out to see the play. They will set up a stage in their home and invite the troupe to knock gongs. Let's take A Dream of Red Mansions as an example. Jia girls go to the theatre every year when they are happy, especially during the Spring Festival and the fifteenth day of the first month. Their troupe is domestic. On the fifteenth night of the first month, Zhou Tianbao was stunned for a while, but reluctantly carried a grinder on his back and left with a receipt. In the evening, Jia put wine in the hall, invited the sons and nephews of the second government to have a family dinner, and ate and drank happily all day. Kind of like our Spring Festival Gala time now. People watch the Spring Festival Gala just for entertainment, but the real entertainment is family reunion. After watching Jia Fu's "Spring Festival Evening", let off fireworks for entertainment.

Song Dynasty's "Flying Post" New Year greetings

Kong once wrote a poem, expressing the happy Spring Festival scene of family reunion: "Xiao Shu's white hair is always ups and downs, and he always sleeps around the kitchen." Cut candles and dry supper wine, and spend all your money. Listen to the childlike innocence of burning firecrackers and see the change of peach blossom characters. Add a plum flower to the drum horn, and Lian Xiao will celebrate the New Year. " In addition to posting couplets and setting off firecrackers, the ancients also had many novel and strange ideas. During the New Year in China, we can't visit all our friends many times. Because of the long distance and other reasons, it will be clear that this story is about fox spirits. Probably everyone knows the legend of the fox spirit. Some people say she exists, others say she is nothing. But how can we humans know the wonders and unknowns of nature? Readers should regard this story as an after-dinner pastime. Send blessings through postcards, greeting cards, etc. The ancients also used business cards to pay New Year greetings. In the Song Dynasty, this kind of business card was called "flying card", which was sent to other families by servants from different families instead of their owners. Every family hung a red paper bag "Fu Jie" on their door to hold flying cards. Wen Zhiming in the Ming Dynasty once wrote a poem: "I don't meet you, I only talk to you, and all the famous articles are people." I also throw some paper at people. The world is too simple and empty. "

Until now, some areas still have the custom of visiting the city wall on the fifteenth day of the first month. In ancient times, boudoir women rarely had the opportunity to go out. On the fifteenth day of the first month, they can finally see the outside world. On this day, the girls boarded the city head together early and prayed to get rid of all diseases.

Besides, during the Spring Festival, everyone will drink a kind of wine-Tu Su. According to legend, Sun Simiao, the drug king, has a mysterious case every twelfth lunar month. Just an hour ago, Mao Yugen was strangled in bed by something. After receiving the report, Xiao Zhifu did not dare to neglect and immediately led the dry team to Mao Fu. A pack of medicine should be distributed to the villagers. People can use these drugs to make wine and drive away colds and plagues. Because Sun Simiao's home is called "Tu Su", the villagers call this wine Tu Su. Tu Su's prescription is: "rhubarb 16 baht, atractylodes macrocephala 15 baht, platycodon grandiflorum 15 baht, pepper 15 baht, cinnamon 18 baht, peeled aconite 6 baht, peeled navel18 baht. The most interesting thing is that this wine is getting darker and darker. In order to let dad eat delicious food, Lihua went out to buy some wine and meat. On her way home, suddenly a thin old man jumped out from behind a big pagoda tree. Without saying anything, he grabbed the wine and meat of pear flower and ran away, but because he was old, he could not run for long. Children should be given a drink first, and the oldest person in the family should drink it last. Su Dongpo's younger brother Su Zhe once wrote a poem "Drinking Tu Su last year" in a depressed mood.

From Liaoshen Evening News

China ancient New Year