What does "tracts" mean?

The Jade Plate is a genealogy of the royal family in China. It existed in the Tang Dynasty, and it was revised every ten years in the Song Dynasty, covering the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The imperial seal in Qing Dynasty was divided into Manchu and Chinese versions, which were revised once every ten years from the 13th year of Shunzhi (1656), 26 times in Qing Dynasty and twice in the Republic of China (192 1). Divide into imperial departments, branches, etc.

Tracts, pronunciation: yù dié?

From:

"Historical Records of Xiaowu": "Sealing Mount Tai in the east is like a ceremony of Taiyi in a suburban shrine. The Yushu in Feng Guang is two feet nine feet high, and there is a Yushu book under it, which is a secret. "

Liu Tangsu's "Da Tang Xin Yu Jiao Chan": "In the thirteenth year of Kaiyuan, Xuanzong closed his meditation and asked,' Why did the former emperor keep secret jade?' Zhang Zhi said to him, "The Jade Emperor is the incarnation of God." . The emperors of the previous generation demanded different things, either praying for the years or praying for the gods. This matter is so secret that outsiders don't know it. "

Wang Song Yucheng's "Liang Wen at Chengwu Palace in Danzhou": "Fu does not waste jade, but the ceremony should use gold mud."

Introduction: The genealogy of Emperor China. In the Qing Dynasty, Jade Dies recorded the genealogy of the descendants of emperors from Xian Zongde, including marriage, childbirth, inheritance, knighthood, knighthood, promotion and demotion and death. Generally speaking, the imperial system is unified, arranged according to the order of generations, arranged according to the clan branch and the number of houses, and it is stipulated to be built once every 10 year. Jade Emperor, the genealogy of the royal family in China, is called Jade Emperor, which existed in the Tang Dynasty and was revised every ten years in the Song Dynasty, covering the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The imperial seal in Qing Dynasty was divided into Manchu and Chinese versions, which were revised once every ten years from the 13th year of Shunzhi (1656), 26 times in Qing Dynasty and twice in the Republic of China (192 1). Divide into imperial departments, branches, etc. Jade Dies 1070 in Qing Dynasty is the only royal genealogy preserved in China and the largest in the world.

Significance: It provides an accurate numerical basis for demographic research.

Take Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty as an example. He had 35 emperors and 20 daughters, but only 20 emperors and 8 daughters really lived to be 18 years old. There are 12 emperors who died before the age of five, 10 daughters, and most adults died in their forties. Only 12 sons (79 years old) of Emperor Jinyun, 16 sons (73 years old) of Emperor Yun Lu and 23 sons (73 years old) of Emperor Yun Qi lived beyond 70 years old. Princess Ge Jing Gulen, the sixth longest-lived woman, only lived to 57 years old. The situation in the emperor shunzhi is even worse. Among the eight sons and six daughters, there are four princes and five maids who died before the age of eight. The oldest prince was Michelle Ye, the third son of Emperor Kangxi, at the age of 69. Only the second woman among the imperial women lived to be an adult, only to be 33 years old. Therefore, the level of medical and health conditions at that time was very low, coupled with some bad habits of royal family members, the mortality rate was high and the average life expectancy was not long. The death rate of royal women in Qing Dynasty was higher than that of men, and their average life expectancy was shorter than that of men, which is contrary to the phenomenon that the average life expectancy of women in modern society is generally higher than that of men, and is worth studying.

The emperor's royal visit to the Jade Emperor was very grand.

After the jade die is completed, a ceremony of "presenting a royal view" will be held, and the emperor will be invited to "collect books from the Royal Treasure Hall and celebrate the Royal Taihe Hall". The ceremony was grand and complicated. First, Qin Tian Jian chose an auspicious day, and did not set up a jade coffin table in Taihe Gate, and Zongren House set up a colorful pavilion. From the jade coffin hall, he carried the jade coffin of Caige, went to the Hall of Supreme Harmony, held it on the case of the Hall of Supreme Harmony, unfolded the jade coffin, and invited the emperor to board the Hall of Supreme Harmony to "read the jade coffin". In the ceremony of welcoming jade to death, the guards are in front and the guards are behind, and Huang Gai, Dragon Flag and Imperial War play to guide the welcome music. Hundreds of civil and military officials dressed in royal robes knelt down to meet them and see them off. At the end of the ceremony, one set of jade molds was sent to the Imperial History Collection, and the other set was sent to the Jade Mold Library of Zongrenfu for temporary storage.

Prepare to go to Shengjing.

Value: The genealogy of imperial clan in Qing Dynasty was last revised to 7,000 pages, among which there were more than 65,438+10,000 male imperial clan with detailed records. From this point of view, the genealogy of the Qing dynasty is the most abundant in the world. The value of jade records in Qing dynasty is mainly reflected in the large number of historical materials, which continuously and completely record the reproduction of population, especially the female population and marriage data. Because of this, in the eyes of Chinese and foreign scholars who study history of qing dynasty, the imperial seal of the Qing Dynasty is the real treasure house. In addition, the jade mold in Qing Dynasty is written in Manchu and Chinese, with exquisite binding and calligraphy, and it is also a precious cultural relic with great aesthetic value.