What are the customs of Bai nationality?

In Baijia, the son separated from his parents after marriage. Bai people share the same surname and do not marry. Receive guests warmly, whether they know each other or not. All the guests will be treated with "three teas". Three teas are the most exquisite tea ceremony, with the characteristics of bitterness, sweetness and aftertaste. Can't pour tea for guests. There is a saying among Bai people that "wine is full of respect, tea is full of deceit".

Bai people pay great attention to etiquette when eating. The elders and guests sit first, and the younger generation sits on both sides or next in turn. They are always ready to add rice and soup to their elders and guests, waiting enthusiastically.

Marriage custom of Bai nationality

When a young Bai man proposes to a girl, the girl will give Baba to the man if she agrees. At the wedding, the bride will go to the kitchen to make "fish soup"; On the first Mid-Autumn Festival after marriage, the bride will make a big cake to show off her cooking skills. Tea should be served at the wedding, and then four or four seats should be set (that is, four dishes, four plates, four pots and four bowls).

Backmarriage is a popular marriage custom in the Bai area of Eryuan County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. At every intersection, fork in the road or crowded place, the guests who accompany him will stop and code the dowry into two piles, so that the groom can wrap the "8" around the dowry with the bride on his back.

Dietary customs of Bai nationality

Bai people mainly live on rice and wheat; Bai people in mountainous areas mainly eat corn, potatoes and buckwheat. The staple food is mainly steamed.

Because there are fresh vegetables all year round, Bai people like to eat fresh vegetables and all kinds of pickles every meal. Most Bai women are good at pickles, and there are many kinds of pickles. In addition to pickled fresh vegetables, they also make bean paste, lobster sauce and noodle sauce. Bai people in Jianchuan and Heqing often pick kelp flowers from Erhai Lake and cook them into various flavor dishes.

Meat is mainly pork. In addition to cooking with fresh pork, it also likes to marinate old pigs and process them into ham, sausage, pig liver, liver blowing, rice sausage and other delicious foods. In winter, Bai people like big pot of beef soup. Add mustard, radish, onion and other condiments to eat together. Bai people who live by the river are good at cooking fresh water.

Most Bai people like drinking. Because of the different raw materials and methods used, there are many kinds of wine. When brewing wine, more than 40 kinds of medicinal materials are often used to make distiller's yeast and brew all kinds of white wine, among which kiln wine and dry wine are traditional wines. There is also a glutinous rice liqueur, which is specially brewed for women and pregnant women. It is said that it has nourishing and prolactin effects.

Drinking tea is another hobby of Bai people. Bai people pay great attention to drinking tea twice every morning and noon. Morning tea is called "morning tea" or "hangover tea". You get drunk when you get up, and adults drink it. Afternoon tea, also called "rest tea" or "thirst-quenching tea", contains rice flowers and milk, and even children should drink a cup.

There are many dishes of Bai nationality. Raw skin is one of the dishes that Bai people must order on holidays, and it is a cold meat dish mixed with a variety of spicy dishes. Donkey soup pot is made of donkey meat. Steamed pig's head with willow leaves is also one of the traditional dishes of Bai nationality. Put the pig's head on a wicker rack and put it in a pot. Bread cake is a special kind of cake made by Bai people in Mid-Autumn Festival. It is steamed with fermented dough and seasoning.

Bai nationality festival

Bai people have many traditional festivals. March Street, with a history of thousands of years, is the biggest festival of Bai people every year, and now it is named March Street National Festival. There are also national festivals such as Torch Festival (also known as Qixi Festival) and Butterfly Festival.

White clothing

Bai men and women all advocate white, and white is noble. Dali men usually wear white double-breasted clothes, coats with black collars, or several leather satin collars, commonly known as "three drops of water", waist belts or embroidered Chinese-style chest covers, and pants are blue or black. In Xishan District, Eryuan County, Yunnan Province, every adult Bai man carries a small and exquisite embroidered purse embroidered with the words "double finches climbing branches" and "Yuanyang playing in the water". Embroidered purse is a symbol of love and the crystallization of the wisdom of Bai girls.

Women's wear varies from place to place. In Dali, women often wear white shirts, red vests or light blue shirts, black velvet collars, embroidered short waists, blue wide pants and embroidered "knotted shoes". The unmarried woman tied a pigtail on her head and wrapped a bright red rope around the white headscarf. Red and white complement each other. Embroidered waist and short waist are more gorgeous and elegant. Married women change their hair into a bun. On the east bank of Erhai Lake, women comb the hair style of "Phoenix Nodding" and cover it with silk screen or hair clasp, all of which are covered with embroidered towels or black cloth. Bai women have the custom of wearing earrings and bracelets. A kind of headdress that Bai women living in Eryuan County of Dali like is called "boarding the plane", which is a sign of the girl's ingenuity.

Bai architecture

Bai folk houses are independent and closed houses, a bit like quadrangles in Beijing. A dignified residential courtyard is mainly composed of courtyard wall, gate, zhaobi, main room and left and right wing rooms. The general architectural form is: "two rooms and one ear"; "Three rooms and one wall", a few rich people live in "four entrances and five patios", that is, four high-rise buildings, four wing rooms, one big well at a time and four small patios at a time. In addition, there is the "Liuhe Tongchun" connected by the two houses; The upstairs and downstairs are connected by corridors, and so on. It's really varied, like a maze. However, this ancient and expensive gorgeous house has not been adopted by the local Bai people. Now it is mostly a two-story building with a courtyard. But sculpture and painting are still the same, and both have developed.

Bai folk houses often pay attention to the gatehouse, zhaobi building, door and window carving and painted decoration of the main wall. The gatehouse is the essence of the whole building. The architectural art level of the gatehouse can confirm the economic status of its owner and is also a symbol of glory to its ancestors. It usually adopts clay sculpture, wood carving, marble screen, stone carving, painting, relief brick and blue brick to form a series of comprehensive artistic buildings with cornices, light flowers, overlapping arches, exquisite carving, firmness and stability. The Bai people's gatehouse building is not only rich in national characteristics, but also unique in architectural structure and skills. In some places, the whole gatehouse does not need a nail or other iron parts, but the connection is very firm. After decades of wind and rain, it is very solemn and dignified to install two heavy iron-black wooden doors.

The woodcarving of doors and windows of Bai residents shines with the superb skills of Jianchuan carpenters everywhere. Generally, transparent and relief techniques are used to carve layers of mythical auspicious white crane pine, crane lotus, eagle chrysanthemum, peacock magnolia and geometric patterns. The surfaces of doors and windows are also painted with Chu red paint, which is smooth and bright, simple and elegant.

Bai taboo

In Baijia, the son separated from his parents after marriage; Bai people with the same surname do not get married; Can't pour tea for guests. There is a saying among Bai people that "wine is full of respect, tea is full of deceit".