Looking for Poems Written by Qu Yuan

Qu Yuan's works include Li Sao, Tian Wen, Nine Songs (1 1), Nine Chapters (9) and Evocation, with a total of 23 articles. In addition, whether Buju and Fisherman were written by Qu Yuan is still controversial in academic circles. Among them, Li Sao is Qu Yuan's masterpiece and the longest romantic political lyric poem in the history of ancient China literature. Tian Wen is a rare and peculiar poem in ancient and modern times. It asked 172 questions to heaven continuously, involving astronomy, geography, literature, philosophy and many other fields, which showed the poet's bold suspicion of traditional ideas and scientific spirit of pursuing truth. "Nine Songs" is a set of music songs based on folk songs to worship the gods. There are a lot of gods in the poem, most of which are love songs.

Xiangfuren

Qu Yuan

Di Zi fell to Zhu Bei, and his eyes hurt.

Autumn wind, Dongting wave, under the leaves.

Deng Bai? I'm looking forward to it and I'm very happy.

Bird extraction? In the middle, what's on the wood?

Yuan You? I am depressed, but I dare not speak.

Looking at the distance, looking at the running water? .

Why eat in court? What is the source of coke?

Chi Chao Ma Yu Xi Gao Jiang, Xi Ji Xi? .

When I hear that beautiful woman calling me, I will drive away.

Build a room in the water, repair it and cover it.

The sun wall is like a purple altar, and the pepper is like a hall.

Guidong Xi Lan? Xinyi Meixi pharmacy

This is a slap in the face, isn't it? Zhang Xi.

White Xi is a small town, and Shi Lan Xi is perfume.

Wu, dazzling Du Heng.

A hundred herbs combine with the real court to build a fragrant door.

When nine flowers meet, the spirit comes like a cloud.

Donated more than the river, what's left? Xi puyi.

If you go to Tingzhou and Du Ruo, you will be far away.

You can't get it suddenly, you can speak freely and be tolerant.

background introduction

"Mrs. Xiang" is selected from "Chu Ci? Nine songs. Jiuge is the name of an ancient movement, but it is the general name of a group of poems in Chuci, including eleven poems such as Mourning the Country, Xiang Jun and Xiang Fu. Jiuge is an imaginary number and means a lot. Wang Yi's "Songs of Chu" said: "In the past, between Yuan and Xiang in the south of Chu, people believed in ghosts and became good temples. When they start singing, they will inspire God. Qu Yuan was exiled and dormant. He was worried and bitter, worried and depressed. He saw the ceremony of the laity and the joy of singing and dancing. His words are very modest. Because of the song "Nine Songs", he respected the gods and saw his own grievances. "This makes sense. However, it seems inappropriate to completely define Nine Songs as Qu Yuan's self-creation. At present, it is generally believed that "Nine Songs" was rewritten by Qu Yuan according to local folk sacrificial songs, which is credible in both content and form.

Xiang Jun and Xiang Fu are sisters, and they are both music songs dedicated to Xiang Shui Shen. Mrs. Hexiang is a lover of Xiangjiang River, or a husband and wife god. Xiang Jun is chasing Xiang Jun with a wizard's tone, and Xiang Fu is chasing Xiang Fu with a wizard's tone. There are different opinions about the origin of Mrs. Hexiang as the water god of Hunan. The most popular local saying is that Xiang Jun was an ancient Shun Di who died in Cangwu during his southern tour and was buried in Jiuyi Mountain. Shun's wife is E Huang and Nv Ying, the second daughters of Emperor Yao. They followed her husband to Yuanxiang, but he died and cried. Tears fell on the pillars, making the bamboo pole full of spots, hence the name "Banzhu" (see Shuo Wen Jie Zi). The theories of later generations, Xiangfu and Zhu all originated from this. But legends are legends, and there is no difference between true and false. What we should know now is that these two poems have rich historical and cultural accumulation in the ancient myth era, which adds a strong mysterious and romantic color to them.

Content review

One is the tragic scene that is difficult to meet in the middle of God's love life.

Although the title of this poem is "Mrs. Xiang", the lyrical hero in the poem is Xiang Jun. The poem intercepts a rare fragment of his love life with Xiang Jun, focusing on a series of pursuit behaviors and psychological activities, showing his sincere love for Mrs. Xiang and his pursuit of a happy life. The whole poem can be roughly divided into four paragraphs. Because it is about God's love, the artistic conception is obscure, so we must concentrate on it.

The first four sentences are the first paragraph, always referring to the situation that Mrs. Xiang was difficult to meet for an appointment and was sad. Judging from the following two sentences, "I will drive away as soon as I hear a beautiful woman calling me", it seems that I have an appointment with Mrs. Xiang and hurried to the appointment. However, when I looked at the appointed place, the situation changed: "Di Zi went down to Xi Zhu Bei", and Mrs. Xiang came, but she landed on the island in the north. They can only face each other across the sea. This scene is like the Book of Songs? Just like "the so-called Iraqis are on the water side", Jia Jian is within reach. "My eyes are dim and I am worried", which says that he can only look for and pursue in the boundless and seemingly real world, so a kind of lost sadness rises in his heart. And the autumn wind? It is through the scenery that this melancholy is rendered.

The fourteen sentences in the second paragraph are about Xiang Jun's pursuit behavior and psychological activities after his difficult appointment. "Deng Bai? Looking forward to it, with the ceremony, "Write to climb high and look far, waiting day and night." "Yuan You? Being unhappy and afraid to make any noise means that in the place where Mrs. Yuanjiang and Mrs. Lishui used to haunt, there should have been an opportunity to meet and express their love, but they missed it. It's really a pity and annoying. "Suddenly looking at the distance, looking at the running water?" Does it mean that Xiang Jun is looking for it, and there are vast waves and ripples everywhere? Running water, there is no trace of Mrs. Xiang, so he is in a trance. "Chi Chao Ma Yu Xi Gao Jiang, Xi Ji Xi Xi Xi?" Writing is still in a trance day and night, and there is quite a scene of repeated "back", "back" and "follow" in Jiaxu. "When you hear a beautiful woman calling you, you will fly away together." It is not so much a call as a longing for your heart: in his trance-like pursuit, there always seems to be a voice calling him to fly to a happy love harbor. Therefore, poetry will naturally transition to the dreamland of the third paragraph. The third paragraph also describes four abnormal scenes, such as "bird what", "lost what", "looking for what" and "dumped what", which is the contrast and dyeing of Xiang Jun's embarrassing situation and chagrin.

The sixteen sentences in the third paragraph tell the story of Xiang Jun decorating his new house in the water to marry his wife. This is an illusory space, born in a trance of disappointment and hope. Write about building a house and decorating a new house first? Is the bed suitable for mosquitoes to climb? Wei Ying stopped? Cowardly. ? What? Hey? Hey? What happened? Where's the squid maid? Eternal tritium? Hey? Trouble? Non frog

The last six sentences are the fourth paragraph, describing Xiang Jun's behavior and mood when he left the appointed place. Mrs. Xiang did not appear in the end, and her mood returned to the helpless reality from her dream. So he threw his clothes into the river, left a token and entrusted his true feelings to Acacia. Picking a fragrant Du Ruo and giving it to "people far away" in the future means that hope still exists, and yearning and pursuit will continue. "It's too late to get it suddenly, and it's hard to talk about it." It is to convince yourself to look further and see the resilience of never giving up on a happy love life in an open-minded self-explanation.

Second, the similarity between Qu Yuan's emotional sustenance and readers.

Mrs. Xiang's artistic conception is various, and the above analysis only unfolds God's love life. In addition, three aspects are also worth noting, namely, the sacrificial ceremony of the water god, Qu Yuan's emotional sustenance and the continuous growth of readers. Regarding the sacrificial ceremony of the water god, let's talk about it from the artistic characteristics first. Let me talk about two or three levels first.

"Mrs. Xiang" was processed by Qu Yuan according to the music songs that sacrificed to the water god. Processing sacrificial music songs must meet the needs of sacrificial ceremonies, but it is also a process of self-emotional venting and spiritual compensation. At that time, Qu Yuan was exiled by the King of Chu in the wild land of Yuan and Xiang. He is in a difficult situation and sad, but he still cares about state affairs from time to time and sticks to his ideals, hoping that the king of Chu will change his mind. All these will resonate with Xiang Jun's situation, mood and pursuit consciously or unconsciously in the process of processing music songs. From the tragic scene that it was difficult to keep an appointment during Xiang Jun's rule, can we think that Qu Yuan was alienated and exiled by the King of Chu many times? Does Xiang Jun's wandering and searching figure on both sides of Yuanjiang River and Lishui River sometimes overlap with Qu Yuan's image of "walking along the river" and "searching up and down"? Does Xiang Jun's persistent pursuit of sincere love and happy life pin Qu Yuan's political ideal and the road to rejuvenation? Is Xiang Jun's "easy tolerance" in a helpless situation integrated with Qu Yuan's life-long forgiveness and masturbation? Generally speaking, the author's emotional infiltration in literary works can't be said to exist here and there, but it is indeed everywhere, and it must be realized by readers in their painstaking appreciation.

"Mrs. Xiang" is about the love life of immortals, but it is full of realistic world situations. Therefore, we can interpret it as a love poem between Chu and the local people at that time. But this is not enough, because the water god sacrifice in the poem is not love, nor is Qu Yuan's emotional sustenance love. Moreover, readers' free reading will always break through the limitation of subject matter and carry out a wider range of heterogeneous isomorphism. This is an inevitable law. When we associate the difficult situation of going to work with the scene of "so-called Iraqis are on the same side of the water", when we are chasing Xiangfu everywhere on both sides of Yuan and Xiang, we associate it with "going back and forth, the road is blocked and long", and following it, we will reach the middle of the water ("Di Zi falls on the north of Zhu"). Isn't that "everything is in the middle of the water"? ), so that the artistic conception space of "Mrs. Xiang" suddenly expands infinitely: in social life, all persistent pursuits are always illusory and rare realistic situations, and all persistent pursuits are always illusory and rare troubles, annoyances, disappointments and disappointments, which seem to get isomorphic induction and spiritual sustenance here. This is the artistic conception space of "Mrs. Xiang" and the real charm of poetry.

artistic appreciation

First, the sacrificial ceremony of the water god leads to the confusion of artistic conception.

The love story described in Lady Xiang, in terms of time, place, environment, characters, behavior and plot, all presents a vague, wandering, seemingly absent and flowery state, which leads to the illusory and confusing beauty of the whole artistic conception. The reason is probably due to the basic structure, links and atmosphere of the story, which was born out of the sacrificial ceremony of the water god at that time.

According to experts' research, the ancient ways of offering sacrifices to mountain gods were mainly "watching sacrifices" and "chasing sacrifices". God is invisible, so he can't go out. He can only assume that he is somewhere, and then "watch it sacrifice it" and "chase it". The protagonist of the sacrifice is a wizard, and all ritual activities are expressed by wizards or some role they play. Mrs Xiang, rewritten by Qu Yuan, retains this basic framework. As the wizard became A Xiang, the whole process turned into a love story of pursuing Mrs. Xiang.

The wishing culture in ancient Chu was prosperous, and the sacrificial ceremony was quite grand. There is a basic procedure for the water god to follow the sacrifice, which roughly includes four links: descending, welcoming, being cautious and sending. On Mrs. Xiang, the traces of these four links are still clearly visible. The first sentence of the poem points out that Mrs. Xiang "landed" on the island in the north, which is obviously the epitome of the link of descending God. The second paragraph repeatedly describes the behavior and psychological activities of gazing at and pursuing his wife, which is undoubtedly a love interpretation of the activities of welcoming God. In the third paragraph, the scene of decorating a new house to welcome guests is very obvious. Some people call it entertaining God (God can only bless more when he is happy), and the beautiful and cheerful mood in the poem is also the embodiment of "entertainment". In the last paragraph, write the scene of sending God. Throwing close-fitting clothes into the river became the custom of conveying sincerity to God at that time, and it was also an appropriate move for Qu Yuan to show sincerity in love. In a word, Qu Yuan interprets the love story according to the illusory link of offering sacrifices to the gods, and his scenes are chaotic.

The scene of the sacrificial ceremony is quite lively, usually with music, singing, dancing, speaking in common English and alternating performances. Song and dance include solo, duet, group singing and group dancing. At that time, the singing methods of sacrificial music songs must have been different, and there is no way to verify them now. As far as Mrs. Xiang is concerned, some people think that lines such as "My eyes are sore and my heart is worried", "I miss my son but dare not say it" and "Donate my spare clothes in the river" seem to be solos played by wizards, but? The words "Xi Qiu Feng", "Bird Crane", "Yuan Crane", "Mi Crane" and "Jiao Crane" should be a chorus that exaggerates the mood and atmosphere. This is based on modern personal speculation, which seems reasonable, but it is also impossible to collect credit. From this, we can realize that as long as we lack a specific and in-depth understanding of ancient sacrificial ceremonies, we can't make a definite conclusion on the paragraph level of poems such as Mrs. Xiang.

The confusion of artistic conception has affirmed an artistic aesthetic feature, because it is always associated with the richness of poetry and the aesthetic curiosity of readers.

Second, the architecture is complex but not chaotic, diverse and capable.

The artistic conception space of Mrs Xiang is quite rich and profound. Generally speaking, it includes four aspects: the sacrificial ceremony of the water god, the love life of the gods, the real life situation and Qu Yuan's emotional sustenance. As far as the image of Xiang Jun is concerned, there are several levels, such as behavior, psychology, feelings and wishes. And all this is a continuous and changing process. How can we condense these aspects and levels into a complex but not chaotic, multifunctional, harmonious and unified problem? This is the uniqueness of Mrs. Xiang's overall construction. This ingenuity is mainly reflected in the following three points.

One is to carefully set a specific situation that is difficult to satisfy. According to the poem, Mrs. Xiang once summoned "to live and die together." Of course, this kind of dating plot does not exist in the sacrificial ceremony where the sacrificed god cannot appear. It can only be regarded as a hypothesis that Qu Yuan deliberately made to highlight the theme of love. Obviously, it is precisely because of this assumption that the sudden change of events led to Xiang Jun's failure to keep the appointment as scheduled, which led to his mood plummeting and opened the floodgates for his series of eager pursuit behaviors. Therefore, at the beginning of the work, it is pointed out that Mrs. Xiang landed in Zhu Bei, which is separated by water, rather than Mr. Xiang's dating place, in order to let the story and the mood of the characters enter a specific scene where it is difficult to meet each other, that is, to express the love life of Mr. Xiang and Mrs. Xiang in this specific scene, that is to say, to condense Mr. Xiang's long and persistent pursuit of sincere love in a short time after a difficult encounter. In a word, it is such a careful conception that it is undoubtedly received.

The second is to describe a series of behaviors of psychological activities. How to concentrate and compact Xiang Jun's love behavior in the specific situation where dating is hard to meet? The author grasped Xiang Jun's rapidly changing psychological activities at that time. This rapidly changing psychological activity is not only the motivation of Xiang Jun's various behaviors, but also the clue used by the author to connect these behaviors in turn. When Xiang Jun saw "Di Zi descended to Xi Zhu Bei", his first reaction was to climb high and look far, and wait patiently, so he had "Deng Bai"? Xi Wang, and Li Xi Zhang Xi "behavior; When night fell, he realized that his hopes had failed, so he had "what can a bird do?" "In the past, the frustration of" going to the wood "naturally changed from the immediate loss to the memory of the past opportunities, so I felt infinite regret for the missed opportunities because I was afraid to speak; In regret, his heart flew to Yuanjiang and Lishui, where Mrs. Xiang frequented, so he had a "distant view", which raised a glimmer of hope, so he decisively adopted "Chi Chao Ma Yu Xi Gao Jiang, Xi Ji Xi Xi? "Pursuing action; There seems to be no hope in the pursuit, which makes him have the illusion of "coming at the smell of incense", so with the imagination of "mutually assured destruction", he enters the virtual space to decorate the new house, marry the bride, and vent the beautiful ideals that have been accumulated in his heart. When his feelings are vented and his mood tends to be calm, he has a broad-minded attitude towards you, and his poem ends here. This is the general process of interaction between psychological activities and characters' behaviors in the whole poem. Because psychological activities are not limited by time and space, its tentacles can freely shuttle between the immediate scene and past memories, and can freely communicate between the actual experience and the ideal realm, so that the whole artistic world of the whole poem not only transcends unexpected images, but also falls into an unexpected ring, which is open, closed, natural and open.

Thirdly, emotional flow is the internal lifeblood of the whole poem. Generally speaking, the surface of poetic artistic conception is a series of scenery and personnel, and the interior is psychological activity to promote the transformation of scenery and personnel, and psychological activity is accompanied by a ups and downs emotional process. There are six main links in the flow and change of inner feelings in Mrs. Xiang; The starting point is that I didn't keep the appointment, and when I saw Mrs. Xiang landing elsewhere, I was sad. Second, waiting for failure, the mentality is extremely lost, and the mood is very irritable; Third, looking back, I feel that I missed the opportunity and regret it; Fourth, repeated pursuit, disappearance, hallucinations, and involuntary drifting away; Fifth, it is extremely painful. Daydreaming in a trance, gorgeous ideal, abnormal excitement; The ending is the helplessness of the mentality after the passion is vented, and it seems that a new round of greater impulses is gestating in the temporary calm on the surface. The continuous growth of these six links is a process of ups and downs and conforms to the law of emotional development. Emotion is not only the motive force of poetry creation, but also the expression content of poetry, and it is also the lifeblood of the internal structure of poetry. The word "poetic sentiment" and "yuan" are the most important.

Third, three cases of borrowing scenery to express emotion

Lyricism by borrowing scenery is the most important lyric way in China's ancient poetry, and this tradition was laid by The Book of Songs and Songs of the South. In this regard, "Mrs. Xiang" provides three examples, which are very distinctive and have a great influence on later generations, which is quite noteworthy.

1. Blend feelings into the scene and dye feelings with the scene.

"? Autumn wind, waves under the leaves of Dongting ",this is the way to melt feelings into the scenery and dye feelings with the scenery. "First of all, this sentence is closely related to the previous one, using lyrical" pointillism ":the word" sorrow "in the previous sentence" misty eyes "points out the emotional tone, and the next sentence writes the scenery, rendering, spreading and strengthening this sadness with autumn wind, water waves and fallen leaves. With a little coloring, the scene blends seamlessly. Secondly, autumn wind, water waves and fallen leaves are typical, which can produce the same-frequency vibration and isomorphic sound of love and scenery in many ways: autumn wind bursts, water waves ripple, as if the "heart wave" of Xiang Jun who stood up was fluctuating; The autumn wind brings coolness, and the water waves are cool, just like a pot of cold water poured on Xiang Jun's head running towards him; The leaves are dying, and it seems that the mood of losing to you is also declining. Third, the autumn wind makes waves, the autumn wind sweeps leaves, the water waves float leaves, and the leaves follow the water waves. The three are interlocking, and everything exudes a sad artistic conception of decline, decline and passage. Isn't this a portrayal of Xiang Jun's situation and mood at that time? There are many ways to blend scenes, and touching the scene is the most common one. " ? The phrase "autumn wind rises, the waves in Dongting Lake fall under the leaves" is often regarded as the initiator of autumn sadness together with the phrase "autumn sadness is also qi, and the vegetation is bleak and declining" in Song Yu's Nine Arguments.

2. Create landscape based on emotion, which is symbolic.

"Birds and pumping xi? What do you mean, in the middle, on the wood? What do the elk in the court eat? The four sentences "Jiao is an aquatic person" mean beautification and symbol. Birds don't stay in trees but gather in water plants. Fishing nets hang on trees instead of being scattered in the water. Elk runs into the yard instead of grass. Dragons climb to the water's edge instead of diving into the water. These are not real scenes, but false abnormal scenes. It is Xiang Jun's self-comparison of his embarrassing situation when he can't wait for Mrs. Xiang and his mood is getting lower and lower. On the other hand, the appearance of this abnormal scene in my mind and the occurrence of this self-comparison psychology fully reflected Xiang Jun's depression at that time. This kind of characteristic and expressive scenery description can only be used in some specific situations, instead of integrating emotions into real scenery and using scenes to influence feelings, but through symbols, metaphors and hints. " In the Record of Shang Zhou written by Han Yuefu, "There are no graves in the mountains, but the water is exhausted and fishing, thunder in winter, rain and snow in summer, and heaven and earth are in harmony", which are all illusory images that cannot exist. As an oath, they express indelible feelings and have a good effect. They are also good examples of making good use of emotional and symbolic expression skills.

3. Strive to spread beautiful scenes.

The description of the imaginary scene of building a house in the water and preparing for marriage in the poem adopts the method of trying to explain. In the fourteen sentences, the lotus was spread out in one breath, including the sun wall, purple altar, pepper, Guidong and orchid. , new, pharmacy, Li Wei, Xu? Seventeen or eight kinds of the most beautiful things, such as Baiyu Town, Shi Lan Square, Qi Zhi, Du Hengxuan, Baicao Hall, Fangmen, etc. , are carefully described, colorful, rich in imagination, gorgeous language, full of infinite yearning for sincere love and happy ideals. This gorgeous dreamland was born out of the lost mentality that dating is hard to meet. It seems abrupt, but it is inevitable. The more you suddenly lose what you should have, the better you feel you lose. Frustration of ideals will cause mental pain, but mental pain will also make you pursue your ideals more persistently. What is hard to get in reality depends on imagination, and imagination can turn what you originally wanted into something better. This is the logic of emotion and the dialectics of mind. Elaboration is a common technique in prose, and it is also a means to strengthen and render functions. Due to the limitation of space, lyric poetry is rarely used. The ideal realm used to promote illusion and romance in Mrs. Xiang is just right.

translate

Mrs Xiang landed in Zhou Bei. She looked far away, which disappointed me.

The trees shook gently, the autumn wind began to cool, and the Dongting waves beat the shore, and the leaves fell.

Step on white? Ah, look around and meet a beautiful woman. Tonight.

Why do birds gather in the water plants? Why is the fishing net hanging on the treetops?

The grass in Shui Yuan is green, and the orchids in Lishui are in bloom. I miss Mrs Xiang, but I dare not say it.

Looking into the distance, I saw the river slowly flowing.

Why are elk foraging in the yard? Why do dragons wander by the water?

In the morning, I was riding by the river, and in the evening, I crossed to the west of the river.

I heard that Mrs Xiang was calling me, so I drove with her.

I want to build my house in the middle of water and cover the roof with lotus leaves.

Sungrass decorated the walls, purple shells paved the palace altar, and the walls were covered with pepper to decorate the hall.

Guimu is the pillar, Mulan is the truss, Magnolia is the lintel, and Angelica dahurica is the bedroom.

Woven Ficus pumila to make curtains, and curtains made of grass have been set up.

The seats in the town are made of white jade, and Shi Lan is decorated with fragrance everywhere.

Cover the Lotus House with Cao Zhi and wrap it with Du Heng.

Pick all kinds of flowers and plants, fill the courtyard and build a fragrant porch.

All the gods of Mount Jiuyi came to greet Lady Xiang, and the stars were like clouds.

I threw my sleeves into the river, and I threw my light coat by the Lishui River.

I am picking Du Ruo in Zhou Xiao and giving it to a girl in the distance.

Good times are rare. I'm just browsing.

Qu Yuan is the first great patriotic poet in the history of China literature. He is an outstanding representative of romantic poets. As an outstanding politician and patriot, Qu Yuan's spirit of loving the motherland and the people, persisting in the truth, preferring to die rather than surrender, and his lofty personality of "winning glory with the sun and the moon" have inspired and nurtured countless Chinese sons and daughters for thousands of years, especially when the nation was in danger. As a great poet, the appearance of Qu Yuan not only marks that China's poetry has entered a new era from collective singing to individual originality, but also his new poetic style-Chu Ci, which broke through the expression form of The Book of Songs, greatly enriched the expressive force of poetry and opened up a new world for China's ancient poetry creation. Therefore, later generations called Chu Ci and The Book of Songs together as The Book of Songs. "Feng" and "Sao" are the sources of the two fine traditions of realism and romanticism in the history of China's poetry. At the same time, Chu Ci, represented by Qu Yuan, also influenced the formation of Han Fu.

In the history of China, Qu Yuan was the most admired and loved poet by the people. According to the records of "Continuation of Qi and Harmony" and "Geography of Sui Shu", Qu Yuan threw himself into the river on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. The custom of making zongzi and racing dragon boats on May 5th in China originated from people's commemoration of Qu Yuan. 1953, Qu Yuan was also listed as one of the "four cultural celebrities" in the world, which was solemnly commemorated by the World Peace Council and people all over the world.

Chu people were outstanding politicians and patriotic poets at the end of the Warring States period. The name is flat and the word is original. Chu Wuwang Xiong Tong's son Qu Xian's descendants. Danyang (now Zigui, Hubei) people.

Qu Yuan experienced three periods in his life: Chu Weiwang, Chu Huaiwang and King Xiang of Qing Dynasty, and his main activities were in the period of Chu Huaiwang. This period is the eve of China's imminent reunification. "Qin Huang is horizontal, Chu Wang is vertical." Qu was born in a famous family, good at dealing with chaos and rhetoric, and was highly valued in his early years. He was a doctor of Zuotu. In order to realize the great cause of Chu's reunification, Qu Yuan actively assisted in the reform to strengthen the country, and insisted on uniting Qi with foreign countries to resist Qin, which once made Chu rich and strong. However, due to the sharp contradiction between Qu Yuan and the decadent aristocratic group of Chu State in internal affairs and diplomacy, and the jealousy of Shangguan doctor and others, Qu Yuan was later framed by a clique and alienated by Chu Huaiwang.

In the fifteenth year of Wang Huai (the first 304 years), from Qin to Chu, Zhang Yi bribed Shanxi merchants, Zilan, Zheng Xiu and others as spies with huge sums of money, and at the same time deceived Wang Huai with "offering merchants for 600 miles", which led to the breaking of diplomatic relations between Qi and Chu. After being deceived, he became angry from embarrassment and sent troops to Qin twice, both of which were defeated. Therefore, Qu Yuan was ordered to send an envoy to Qi State to rebuild the friendship between Qi and Chu. Once again, Zhang Yi failed to disintegrate the Qi-Chu alliance from Qin to Chu. In twenty-four years, Qin Chu formed an alliance with Huang Ci, and Chu was completely embraced by the State of Qin. Qu Yuan was also expelled from the capital and moved to the Northern Han Dynasty.

Thirty years after Wang Huai, Qu Yuan returned to Du Ying. In the same year, Qin made an appointment with the military attache, was detained by Qin, and finally died in Qin. After Wang Xiang ascended the throne, he continued to implement the policy of surrender. Qu Yuan was once again expelled from Ying Capital and exiled to the south of the Yangtze River, and was displaced between Yuan and Xiang. In the twenty-first year of King Xiang of Qing Dynasty (278 BC), General Qin attacked Yingdu in vain, and Qu Yuan threw himself into the Miluo River in anger and died for his political ideal.

Qu Yuan's works include Li Sao, Tian Wen, Nine Songs (1 1), Nine Chapters (9) and Evocation, with a total of 23 articles. In addition, whether Buju and Fisherman were written by Qu Yuan is still controversial in academic circles. Among them, Li Sao is Qu Yuan's masterpiece and the longest romantic political lyric poem in the history of ancient China literature. Tian Wen is a rare and peculiar poem in ancient and modern times. It asked 172 questions to heaven continuously, involving astronomy, geography, literature, philosophy and many other fields, which showed the poet's bold suspicion of traditional ideas and scientific spirit of pursuing truth. "Nine Songs" is a set of music songs based on folk songs to worship the gods. There are a lot of gods in the poem, most of which are love songs.

Qu Yuan's works record his persistence in the ideal of "beautiful politics" and his struggle against the decadent aristocratic groups in Chu. His ideal of "beautiful politics" is reflected in his works, that is, "cultivating talents and empowering them, but doing things without being equal" (Li Sao). The so-called "promoting talents and empowering" is to select truly talented people to govern the country, oppose the secular world, and limit the monopoly of the old aristocracy on power. He also took the historical stories of Fu Shuo, the slave, Lv Wang, the butcher and Ning Qi, the vendor, as examples to illustrate the rationality of selecting talents regardless of their status. The so-called "following the rope without being rude" means practicing the law, that is, the law is not expensive and limiting the privileges of the old nobles. Qu Yuan's ideal of "beautiful politics" reflects his sharp opposition to the decadent aristocratic groups in Chu, and expresses his progressive demand of getting rid of bad politics. Its ultimate goal is to save the motherland from peril and make Chu embark on the road of prosperity. Related to this, Qu Yuan's works also profoundly exposed the darkness of Chu politics, the decay of Chu aristocratic groups and the fatuity of Chu kings, and showed his fighting spirit of adhering to the ideal of "beautiful politics", insisting on moral integrity and "not regretting his death"; At the same time, it shows his determination to care about the country and the people, love the country and the people, and devote himself to the motherland. Although Qu Yuan was exiled or even exiled, he always thought about the rise and fall of the motherland and the sufferings of the people, hoping that the king of Chu would repent and work hard to become the master of ZTE. He knew that being loyal to honesty and frankness would lead to disaster, but he always "endured but could not give up"; Knowing that he faced many dangers, he could have gone to other countries to find a way out in the era of "using Chu materials", but he refused to leave Chu. It shows his infinite loyalty to the motherland and his personality and will to win glory with the sun and the moon.

Qu Yuan is the first great patriotic poet in the history of China literature. He is an outstanding representative of romantic poets. As an outstanding politician and patriot, Qu Yuan's spirit of loving the motherland and the people, persisting in the truth, preferring to die rather than surrender, and his lofty personality of "winning glory with the sun and the moon" have inspired and nurtured countless Chinese sons and daughters for thousands of years, especially when the nation was in danger. As a great poet, the appearance of Qu Yuan not only marks that China's poetry has entered a new era from collective singing to individual originality, but also his new poetic style-Chu Ci, which broke through the expression form of The Book of Songs, greatly enriched the expressive force of poetry and opened up a new world for China's ancient poetry creation. Therefore, later generations called Chu Ci and The Book of Songs together as The Book of Songs. "Feng" and "Sao" are the sources of the two fine traditions of realism and romanticism in the history of China's poetry. At the same time, Chu Ci, represented by Qu Yuan, also influenced the formation of Han Fu.

In the history of China, Qu Yuan was the most admired and loved poet by the people. According to the records of "Continuation of Qi and Harmony" and "Geography of Sui Shu", Qu Yuan threw himself into the river on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. The custom of making zongzi and racing dragon boats on May 5th in China originated from people's commemoration of Qu Yuan. 1953, Qu Yuan was also listed as one of the "four cultural celebrities" in the world, which was solemnly commemorated by the World Peace Council and people all over the world.