Where do Xiji potatoes belong?

Xiji potato is a geographical indication certification trademark. Xiji potato is a geographical indication product of agricultural products.

Specific mass

Xiji potato is produced in the center of the Loess Plateau at the western foot of Liupanshan Mountain, where the industry is underdeveloped and the environment is natural. Due to the special climate and soil environment, potatoes are big, thin-skinned, tender and of good quality.

Cultural allusions

In 2003, Xiji was listed as one of the top ten high-quality pollution-free agricultural products bases in Ningxia; In February, 2004, Xiji County was named "Potato Town of China".

In recent years, Xiji county has taken the development of "small potatoes" as the main focus of agricultural structure adjustment and farmers' income increase. With a special investment of120,000 yuan, the "Virus-free Breeding Base of Improved Potato Varieties in Xiji County" and "Ningxia Potato Science and Technology Service Center" were established, which solved the problems of seed potato degradation, virus infection and low yield that have long plagued the development of potato industry, and promoted new varieties with high quality and high yield on a large scale. Continuously expand the market space for potato development, and actively develop vegetable potato cultivation in Xinying, Tian Ping, Ma Jian and other towns; Xinglong, Jiang Tai, Ma Lian and other towns cultivate and introduce potato processing projects, new technologies and new processes in various forms, and effectively extend the industrial chain to increase income through deep processing.

At the same time, Xiji County Party Committee and government saw the doorway from potato planting and made efforts to make the potato industry stronger and better. This year, the county guided farmers to focus on the development of potato standardization and mechanized planting, and established three experimental areas of potato soil testing and formula fertilization, seven core demonstration areas of soil testing and formula fertilization, six demonstration sites of potato standardized cultivation techniques with an area of over 3,000 mu, and two demonstration sites of 1000 mu of machine sowing and harvesting. Hard work and hard experiments succeeded in one fell swoop, and potatoes were harvested in a large area. Huang, a large planter in Wanya Village, Jiqiang Town, the beneficiary of mechanized planting, told the author that he planted 30 mu of potatoes with machines this year, and has dug more than 10 mu, with an average yield of 1500 kg per mu. Merchants from Guangdong and Jiangsu are waiting for the acquisition in other places, and it is no problem to sell 30 acres of potatoes for up to 60 cents a catty. According to Yang Junwei, director of Xiji County Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau, mechanized potato planting, reasonable ploughing depth, even spacing between plants, seed dressing and chemical application, moisture conservation and drought resistance, and scientific field management will surely achieve high yield. Machine harvesting potatoes is also the main "good prescription" for Xiji County in the future.

It is understood that this year Xiji County made great efforts to build "the first potato planting county in China", introduced ten policies to "support" the potato industry, and entered the potato industry on a large scale. And by rewarding "big growers", "big exporters", "potato king" and "high yield record", farmers are actively encouraged to plant and develop potatoes on a large scale. The potato farmers in Xiji who have tasted the sweetness have increased the potato planting area by 250,000 mu, making the potato planting in the county reach 6.5438+0.25 million mu, and the total output is expected to reach more than 6.5438+0.25 million tons. The per capita potato income of farmers has reached more than 800 yuan. Let Xiji farmers "earn" again in the drought year.

territorial scope

Xiji County is located in the southern mountainous area of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, at the western foot of Liupanshan Mountain, on the southern edge of the arid zone in central Ningxia, between east longitude105 20'-06 04' and north latitude 35 35'-3614'. The county governs 19 townships (towns) and 306 administrative villages, with a total population of 469,000 and an agricultural population of 436,000, with the Hui population accounting for 52.7% of the total population. The total land area is 3 144 square kilometers, and the cultivated land area is 3.2 million mu. The terrain is low in the south and gradually high in the east and west in the north, with an altitude of 1688-2633 meters. Geographical indications of agricultural products are defined as 96 administrative villages in five towns of Xiji County, namely Jiqiang Town, Huoshizhai Township, Xinying Township, Subao Township and Pian Urban and Rural Areas, with a total production area of 20,000 hectares and a total output of 450,000 tons.

Natural ecological environment and human and historical factors

(1) Soil landform: There are three types of landforms in the county, namely rocky hills, loess hills and river valleys. The proportions of various landform types are as follows: Loess hills account for 83.5% of the county's total area, river valleys account for 6. 1%, and rocky mountains account for 10.4% of the county's total area. The soil types in Xiji County are mainly loessial soil and Heilong soil, in which Heilong soil accounts for 87.75% of the total soil area, with deep soil layer, good soil structure, loose soil and good air permeability. The pH value is between 6. 1-7.0, the organic matter content is 1.5%, the hydrolyzed nitrogen is 40-60ppm, and the available phosphorus is 60.

(2) Hydrological situation: There are three major water systems: Hulu River, Qingshui River and Zuli River, but the annual flow is.

It is very small and tired in winter and spring. Qingshuihe river system belongs to the northeast, and most other areas belong to Hulu river system.

(3) Climate: China has a mild climate, less rainfall, abundant sunshine, short frost-free period and great changes in precipitation and temperature. In spring, the temperature rises quickly, it is dry and windy, and the temperature changes greatly, mostly in late spring; Summer is short and the temperature is moderate; There is more rainfall in autumn, the temperature drops quickly and the frost is early; Winter is long, cold and dry. The annual average temperature is 5.3℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 33.9℃, and the extreme maximum temperature is-27.1℃; The average frost-free period is 144 days. The annual sunshine hours are 2034.3 hours; Annual evaporation 1297.7mm, and annual average precipitation is 350-500mm. Drought, hail, frost and other natural disasters occur frequently. The climate in this county is mild and semi-humid.

In the transition to semi-arid, the continental characteristics are obvious, and the terrain elevation difference in the territory is very large, which has complex and diverse characteristics. Average wind speed 1.8m/s, northerly in winter and southeasterly in summer.

(4) Human history: Xiji County is the main potato producing area and the largest agricultural county in Ningxia. Potato is the leading industry, occupying a major position in the county's GDP. It is known as the "Jin Doudou" in the local area. Xiji County has established a potato planting resource preservation center, making the planting area of high-quality potatoes reach more than 6,543,800 mu. Potatoes in Xiji County are the result of careful selection and natural selection by local farmers. According to "Xiji County Records", during Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty, "Anmin cultivated land", planted autumn grain crops mainly with "potatoes" and developed farming; In the 11th year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (186 1 year), land reclamation was encouraged and potato planting 10 was 23. In the long-term potato planting practice, the working people have accumulated rich experience in planting and breeding. Potato varieties planted over the years include taro, dried sweet potato and deep eye socket. After nearly 300 years of planting, a representative Xiji potato variety "Red Potato" has gradually formed, which is widely planted in the local area and is well received by the market. Products are sold to Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and other parts of the country, with an annual sales volume of more than 300,000 tons, and some products are sold to Southeast Asia.

Production technical requirements

(1) Selection of producing area: choose the plot with light soil, deep soil, loose and fertile soil and good permeability, and the irrigation area requires convenient irrigation and drainage. More than three crops should be rotated, with beans, wheat, corn, rice, flax and millet as the previous crops. The rest of the land is best planted in moderately arid areas, and continuous cropping and stubble reversal with solanaceae crops are prohibited. In dry land, the previous crops should be ploughed as soon as possible after harvest, and the ploughing depth should be more than 20cm. When it rains, we should shallow plow and harvest.

In winter and spring, soil and water conservation should be restrained, and ploughing should be carried out half a month before sowing. Conservation tillage can be carried out in the corn field with plastic film in the previous crop, that is,

After corn harvest, leave plastic film and stubble for the winter. When the potato sowing date is near, clean up the residual film and pick up the stubble and rake it flat.

Soil preparation; Irrigated land should be ploughed deeply after the previous crop is harvested, and the ploughing depth should be 25cm. The water should be filled in time in winter, and the soil should be prepared and ridged near the sowing date.

(2) Variety selection: A representative local variety "Dried Sweet Potato" was selected, and virus-free primary and secondary seed potatoes with quality meeting national standards were selected.

(3) Production process management: In order to strengthen the geographical indication of potato agricultural products in Xiji County, make the quality of potato products meet the requirements of green food standards, produce high-standard and high-quality potatoes, and improve the quality control system, the following management system is specially formulated to manage the production process. The first is the production management system of the base. The second is the management system of agricultural inputs. The third is the technical guidance and promotion system. The fourth is the training system.

(4) product harvesting: after all the stems and leaves on the ground change from green to yellow, and the tuber stops expanding, the fresh potato is harvested in time according to the time when it is put on the market or sold and stored. Kill the seedlings one week before harvest, and the harvested fresh potatoes should be fully spread and dried, and then transported and stored after the potato skin is cork.

(5) Production record requirements: record the product origin, soil tillage, agricultural machinery and tools used, fertilizer name, fertilization method, fertilization time and dosage, pesticide name, application method, application time and application target, date, method and quantity of product harvest, storage and sales in detail.

Typical product quality characteristics and product quality and safety regulations

(1) External sensory characteristics: starch content 17.3%, dry matter 210.5%, shallow bud eyes, regular potato shape, smooth skin, red and yellow skin, suitable for fresh vegetables. When cooking, the fragrance is overflowing, the taste is smooth and the flavor is unique. When cooking, the taste is scattered in the house, and it tastes good and is not suitable for breaking. Potatoes in Xiji County are rich in nutrition. It is the representative of potato in Ningxia and enjoys a high reputation in China.

(2) Internal quality index: Take 2500g fresh potato as an example: protein content is 42g, fat 15.5g, sugar 6 15g, calorie 2770cal, crude fiber 3 1g, mineral 1586.5g, and vitamin 452.05. keep

Rich in vitamins. Take 2,500 grams of fresh potatoes as an example, with more than 50 grams of vitamins. ..

(3) Safety requirements: ① Environmental protection system of the base. First, strictly control the construction of new industrial and mining enterprises with pollution sources within 5 km of Fiona Fang and 20 km upwind to prevent industrial "three wastes" from polluting the base; The second is to set up environmental protection signs; Third, it is within the geographical indication of potato agricultural products in Xiji County.

The manure of livestock and poultry farms should be treated harmlessly, and the farmyard manure applied must be fermented and decomposed at high temperature to ensure harmlessness; The fourth is to entrust Ningxia Agricultural Environmental Protection Monitoring Station to conduct environmental assessment every year; ② Supervision and management system (including inspection and testing system). First, relying on Ningxia Agricultural Environment Detection Station to detect the environment and the County Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision to detect products, and gradually establish an inspection and testing system; Second, the office conducts overall supervision and inspection; Third, the base professionals and work teams are composed of the staff of Xiji Potato Industry Service Center, who are responsible for the management of production files and records, which are specifically undertaken by the staff of the township (town) agricultural science and technology service center; Fourth, the market access supervision and management group of geographical indications management of potato agricultural products in Xiji County supervised and inspected the production environment, production process, input use, product quality, market and production records.

Packaging identification and other relevant regulations.

(1) packaging: there are two packaging methods: box packaging and bag packaging.

(2) Logo: Logo users should uniformly use geographical indications of agricultural products (combination of Xiji potato name and public logo pattern) on their products or their packages.