Hani etiquette and customs

Hani people generally respect their elders. When eating, good food is put aside for the old people to taste. Children should pour wine and rice for the elderly and hold them in their hands. When drinking water during work and rest in Shan Ye, let the elderly drink first. If there are many people, drink in order of age. When I come back from work, the younger generation will bring tea and hookah to the elderly.

Hani people are very hospitable. When they meet people they know or don't know, they always greet and give way with a smile, and warmly invite them to their homes. When the guests arrive home, the whole family will get up and give up their seats, and soon they will hold out a bowl of "halogen wine". After the guests finished drinking, the host smiled and poured a cup of strong tea for a heart-to-heart conversation. Be sure to entertain guests with the best meals. When eating, pour the wine for the guests first, and then pour the wine for everyone to show that the wine source is unchanged and auspicious. When visiting a Hani family on holidays, the host will take out white and reunited glutinous rice Baba, bake it on both sides by the fire pit, blow it clean, and hold it to the guests with both hands. The guests are on their way, and the host has sent them to the village.

1, get married

The Hani people practice monogamous consanguineous exogamy, and it is forbidden to intermarry with the same surname.

The Hani people also have the custom of intermarriage between cousins, that is, the uncle's son can give priority to his aunt's daughter and get married, so there is a "aunt's daughter, who marries well;" My uncle's house is going to call across the river. If my uncle's family has no daughter, my niece's marriage must be consulted by my uncle, and my uncle's family must give me a sum of "uncle's money".

Young Hani men and women have the freedom of social love. On holidays, weddings, funerals and celebrations, and singing in Chaishan in late autumn and late winter are all good opportunities for unmarried young men and women to fall in love and choose their spouses.

Men and women are free to fall in love, and after private life, the man wants to find the media to propose to the woman's family. Most matchmakers are eloquent elders, and their minds are full of children. Bring two bottles of wine and an old hen from the man's house when you go. When you come to the woman's house, you should explain your purpose to her parents. Introduce the man's personality and family. If the woman's parents agree, they will happily slaughter the chicken for a banquet, entertain the matchmaker and drink the wine brought by the matchmaker. During the dinner, the matchmaker sang traditional wine songs to express the love between men and women, such as "flowers should be planted" and "brothers and sisters should be planted". When the matchmaker wants to get up and go home, the woman's parents will steal the lid of the hip flask brought by the matchmaker. Although the matchmaker is smart, he will pretend to look around. Finally, he will lift an empty bottle without a lid and come back happily. If the woman's parents don't agree, politely refuse. After marriage, you should also have a "wine invitation" and set an auspicious day for marriage, the number of bride price and so on.

Three days before their wedding, Hani girls invited their peers in the village to sing wedding songs in the bedroom. The tone of crying is mostly handed down by ancestors, and the content is mostly the feeling of separation between children. Such as: telling the parents' parenting grace; Pour out the feelings of parting to your partner, crying that women have no right to inherit the family business and can only marry and go into exile; Entrust brothers and sisters to support and honor their parents and so on. The girl's grandmother, aunt, aunt, sister-in-law, etc. will also come to cry, telling her daughter that it is not easy to raise a child, telling her daughter to live a good life when she arrives at her husband's house, and to run the family business with her husband. The whole scene is weeping, which often makes the spectators cry.

In this way, the girl's bedroom was full of crying and sobbing. It is said that the more a girl cries, the more she shows her love for her parents. At the same time, it is also an accusation of presiding over marriage. Therefore, when a girl marries, she will cry even if she is willing to marry.

The day before the girl gets married, the groom's family will come to the bride's house and greet her with gongs, drums and horns. Besides drums and gongs, there are 8- 12 people in the wedding banquet, including the groom, the best man, the groom's unmarried cousin and the matchmaker. When the wedding procession is about to enter the village, the bride's partners should hide in the grass and beat the green olives at the wedding reception. Groom and escort are the main targets of girls. Olive fruit hurts a little when it hits the head, but wedding guests can only avoid it and are not allowed to fight back.

When the groom enters the bride's home, he will bow down in front of the bride's ancestors because of the glutinous rice Baba prepared in advance, and then he will go to the bride's uncles and other relatives. According to the degree of intimacy, Baba will leave it to the adoring family.

The next day, after the wedding guests had breakfast at the woman's house, the girl was going to get married. The number of people seeing the bride off is several times more than that of the man. Except for her uncles, aunts, brothers and sisters, the rest are three relatives and six friends of the bride. When going out, the bride and her girlfriends will cry in the bedroom. The bride should pretend that she doesn't want to get married, refuse to dress up and hide. When the bride goes out, her cousin (brother) carries her out of the bedroom. The bride should try to pester those who come back and cry loudly. When the bride carried her to the door, the other partners surrounded the bride on the road while crying. Stop and go on the road, the wedding procession leads the way, and always keep a distance of 300-400 meters from the wedding procession. The groom, the escort and the matchmaker walk in the front. Similarly, the first in the farewell procession is the escort, the bride, the bride's sister and aunt. When crossing ditches, rivers and bridges, the escort should carry the bride on his back. On the way, the bride's grandmother will share glutinous rice wrapped in banana leaves for the farewell party and wedding banquet.

When the crowd gathers at the bride's estate to the groom's village, the farewell party should stop and let the bride's husband dress up as the groom. After dressing up, the crowd gathered around the bride and squeezed into the village entrance. There is a fire burning at the entrance of the village. The bride and groom should cross the fire and enter the groom's house.

After the bride enters the door, she must first worship her parents and then propose a toast to the old people, relatives and friends in the village. The groom is leading the bride to recognize relatives one by one. Relatives and friends should give their relatives some money or gifts. That night, many guests celebrated all night with singing and dancing.

Intransitive verb funeral

1, managing zombies

When an old man was dying after a long illness, all his children and grandchildren knelt before the bed and wept. After the patient swallowed his last breath, he fired a gun to report his funeral, and everyone in the village went to the funeral home to help. After he swallowed his last breath, undertaker would wrap a little money and cooked rice prepared in advance with a piece of white cloth, stuff it into the mouth of the zombie, and then pocket undertaker's mouth with a small piece of white cloth. At this time, it is necessary to kill a chicken, remove the hair and intestines, put the chicken into an inverted bamboo hat, punch four holes in the top of the hat, fill it with hot water, and bathe the mourners with the water overflowing from the top of the hat (expressed as clean holy water). After washing, put on your own clothes, pin your hat on the central beam above the hall, and put the chicken in a big bowl on the head of the coffin. Put the zombie in the hall with a piece of wood or straw mat, then cover it tightly with a long black cloth and wait for it to enter the coffin.

2, into the coffin

Before zombies enter the coffin, the bottom of the coffin should be padded with a layer of cotton wool. If they are homeless and poor, they should be filled with the ashes of fire. Then put the black cloth that was originally covered on the zombie as a pillow, put the corpse on it, and cover it with a blue cloth as a quilt. If there is a murder on the day of the funeral, cut off a piece of fat and wide germanium meat to cover undertaker's mouth. At this point, after the funeral home autopsy, you can cover the coffin and fix it with wisteria.

Step 3 grieve

Undertaker is mostly young people from the village who come to help and attend the funeral according to the arrangement of the host family. Three relatives, six relatives and good friends of the mourners all went to the funeral. Usually you have to send two people all the way. Mourners should have a stick in their hands. When they get home, they will explain the reason, and the host will immediately kill the chicken and boil the eggs, offering the sticks brought by the mourners. It is said that the soul of mourners will come with that stick. The host family must entertain the mourners. Wherever undertaker goes, they must eat their host's food and drinks before they leave. If you send a funeral report to relatives and friends in the village, you have to run back to the funeral home to bow down to the coffin after the funeral home is reported, and then you can report to another one.

Step 4 prepare for the funeral

If the bereaved family is well-off, hang a gong next to the coffin, build a chestnut branch shed at the foot of the back wall of the house, and plant a big pole, which can extend from the back to the front of the house. A wooden eagle will be tied to the pole, an air tree pole will be planted in front of the funeral, and a bowl of rice and a plucked chicken will be put in the back basket. After the person who asked Mopa to calculate the funeral date came back, according to the situation of that day, whether it could be opened the next day or not, the coffin stopped at home. As for the mourning day, the length is not limited. The longer the days in the mortuary at home, the more filial the mourners are. During the period of stopping the coffin, the coffin must be guarded by the size during the day to prevent cats, chickens and pigs from passing under the coffin. At night, all the relatives and neighbors in the village will come to help guard.

5. Funeral

On the day of the funeral, the trombone teacher invited by the host family blew the trombone, and the hurried drums and gongs sounded, and the grand funeral ceremony began. Many people are sitting in their seats. Mopa put all kinds of offerings on the table next to the coffin, helped the chefs prepare meals, and killed pigs and cows. When relatives and friends attending the funeral came with guns and horns, the bereaved daughter-in-law (without a hat, ignoring her temples) carried a box of food on her head, and every household had to plant a basket on the air tree outside the door.

When the offerings brought by undertaker were sent to the coffin for sacrifice, an old lady was specially appointed to dress them in mourning (the children and grandchildren in the family had been dressed before the opening ceremony). Mopa read the Sutra of Sacrifice beside the coffin and offered sacrifices to the mourners. At this time, people who come to the funeral must enter the house and close the door. When Mopa reads "Jump!" At that time, gongs and drums were loud, and everyone danced brown fan dance. Some of them used all kinds of utensils (such as rafts, bowls and pots) and high walls. Suddenly, indoor noise was everywhere, and it was earth-shattering. After the jump, everyone went out to deliver food to the cash cow. That night, everyone sang and danced, and the coffin keeper also carried out a "robbing coffin" activity.

6. Funeral

Before the funeral time, the son-in-law who lost the Lord personally cut down the six-vertebra tree to carry the coffin, and tied the cow rope (rope) in the village. Please ask the coffin-tying master to carry the coffin out of the coffin shed and tie it firmly. At the funeral, the head teacher played the trombone, the gun rang, the gongs and drums rang and there was crying. Undertaker's eldest son sent a chicken hat different from the beam of the hall to the grass near the village in the funeral direction and began to carry the coffin. At first, we should lift it with our children and grandchildren, and then everyone will rush to lift it. The children and grandchildren of the bereaved should rush to the front, kneel down, let the coffin pass over the head and meet the side three times, which is called "passing the coffin".

When the coffin was carried to the main entrance, the heads of every household in the village knelt on both sides of the road with bamboo chopsticks. At this time, the coffin carrier had to put the coffin on two benches, so that the soul of the deceased could finally enjoy a meal sacrificed by the villagers. Everyone scrambled to pick up eucalyptus, and the cash truck led the way. Guns, gongs and drums rang in unison. Mopa read the ancient mourning songs, and the men and women attending the funeral cried and sang, surrounded by coffins and sent them to the cemetery in a mighty way.

Step 7 bury

The cemetery was chosen by throwing eggs in advance. If you don't kill with the dead on the mourning day, dig it out and bury it immediately, and burn the cash cow and clothes together. If the deceased is fierce on the funeral day, he will be cremated. Grave piles are made of mud and stone, and the entrance of the tomb generally faces the top of the mountain in the distance, and there are few monuments.