Bulgarian culture

Bulgarian has two dialects, East and West. Western dialects can be divided into northwest and southwest sub-dialects, while eastern dialects can be divided into north, middle and south sub-dialects.

The standard language of Bulgarian is based on the central sub-dialect in the east (Balkan sub-dialect). The standard language * * * has forty-four phonemes, including six vowels and thirty-eight consonants. In Bulgarian morphology, nouns, adjectives, numerals and some pronouns are not inflected, and verbs have reported past tense and future tense without infinitive. In addition, there are two kinds of uncommon future antecedents and past future antecedents, and the past antecedents in ancient Slavic are also preserved. Travel etiquette: Bulgarian Rose Festival: Bulgarian business people usually exchange business cards when they meet for the first time. They have a poor sense of time and often fail to arrive on time. So communicate with Bulgarians in advance. Bulgarian businessmen are friendly and enthusiastic to foreign businessmen, and it often takes a long time to make a decision, so be patient. At the same time, they often want to lower the prices of imported goods.

Business etiquette: In Bulgaria, guests usually sit next to the driver, so that they can enjoy the scenery along the way more clearly. Visit and browse according to public order, don't throw cigarette butts, and be careful not to photograph military facilities, government agencies and the Black Sea coast.

Wedding and funeral etiquette: Bulgarian bride's makeup is enough to play "terror" at a special wedding. Bulgarians attach great importance to marriage and think it is a major turning point in their lives, so their wedding has been arranged for five days and various ceremonies have been held. From Thursday to Monday of the following week, the wedding ceremony is one after another, which is very stylish. In the countryside, the day before the wedding, a man with a triangular scarf around his waist invited guests to visit the whole village, and the invitee wanted to have a sip of wine by the hip flask.

Dining etiquette: Bulgarians usually eat with a movable folding table or a table with one side fixed to the wall. There are strict rules about dining seats. The innermost position near the stove is the upper seat, which is the position of the elderly at home. Next to the old man is the wife's seat, then the son's daughter-in-law's seat. Bulgarians usually have lunch, breakfast and dinner are relatively simple. The staple food is bread and scones, and the seasoning is rice.

Meeting etiquette: Bulgarians usually shake hands when meeting guests in formal social occasions. When friends and relatives meet, they usually hug and kiss. Bulgarian women generally curtsy to men with special respect, and at the same time reach out to each other to kiss their hands.

Bulgarian wedding etiquette: Bulgarians attach great importance to their own cultivation. In public and social situations, we should emphasize correct posture and dignity. Even at home, you should not be too casual, especially when there are elders and guests present. Of course, young people have more freedom and flexibility, and they tend to be more casual, but they don't lose their discretion. OK and V gestures are very popular in Bulgaria. The former is to form a circle with thumb and forefinger, and then extend the other three fingers to express praise and commitment.

Dress etiquette: Bulgarians generally don't pay much attention to clothes. The principle is simple and affordable. They often wear shirts, short sleeves and so on. And suits are mostly worn on formal occasions. There are some differences in national costumes in different regions. There are four kinds of women's clothes. Bulgarians emphasize the difference between inside and outside in clothing. Advocate leisure at home, but require solemnity outside. When walking in the office or street, it is generally required to wear a coat. Bulgarians usually focus on dinner. Breakfast is usually cheese sandwich, Banjica cake (with multi-layer cake baked with white cheese), coffee and so on. There is a bowl of tripe, a salad and two pieces of bread at noon. Generally speaking, people drink soup first, usually soup for lunch, water and wine for dinner, and almost no one drinks soup. They also like to drink yogurt. Dinner is usually a formal meal, and there are often sweets after dinner, including cakes, fruits, roasted pumpkins and so on. Since 20 10, many Chinese restaurants have appeared, and tasting Chinese food has become the fashion of some people.

Guaranteed meals generally have the following characteristics:

(1) salty and greasy.

(2) Eat a lot.

Bread is the staple food.

Non-staple foods like pork, beef, mutton, fish, shrimp, chicken, ham, spicy sausage, cheese, eggs and various intestines; Vegetables like to eat peppers, pickles, mushrooms, cauliflower, cabbage, pumpkin, sweet pepper, cabbage, peas and so on. Seasonings like onion, garlic, tomato sauce, Chili powder, pepper and so on.

⑤ The main methods of making food are roasting, stewing and frying. Drinks are mainly cola, mineral water, red wine, wine, beer and so on. Grape Pruning Festival: February 14

March Flower Festival: March 1, or March Festival.

Bulgaria Liberation Day (National Day): March 3rd (February 27th 1990 designated March 3rd as National Day).

International Women's Day: March 8th.

Satire and Humor Festival (also known as Clever Peter Festival): April 1.

Hualiu Festival: the last Sunday in April

International Labor Day: May 1

St George's Day (Bulgarian Army Day): May 6th.

Victory Day of Anti-Hitler Fascism:1May 9, 954

National Enlightenment Day: 165438+ 10/0/. In memory of Bulgarian cultural celebrities, educators and national heroes from the Renaissance to the present. From 65438 to 0909, the first celebration of National Enlightenment Day was held in plovdiv, the second largest city in Bulgaria. On June 1 923165438+1October1day, Bulgarian King Boris III of Bulgaria issued an order declaring this day a national holiday.

Bulgarian Education Culture and Slavic Writing Festival: May 24th (1990). This is one of the most important national festivals in Bulgaria. In the 9th century AD, the brothers kirill and Medodi of Solon (now Greece) created Slavic script, which broke the situation that Latin letters "ruled" European religious, literary and social life in one fell swoop, and made immortal contributions to human cultural undertakings. 1851may1kloc-0/day, Bulgaria celebrated the Slavic Writing Festival for the first time. 1990, Bulgaria's National Assembly announced that Slavic Writing Festival was designated as a national statutory holiday. According to statistics, the number of people who use Slavic script is 200 million.

Martyrs' Day: June 2nd.

Bulgarian Rose Festival (the first Sunday in June): Bulgaria has a history of rose essential oil for more than 300 years. In order to preserve the tradition of producing rose oil, Bulgaria has designated the first Sunday of June as the "Rose Festival" since the late 1960s. During the rose harvest season, Kazanlek, located at the southern foot of the Balkan Mountains, will celebrate the "Rose Festival". Kazanlek is the region that produces the most oil roses in Bulgaria. The city government holds the "Rose Festival" every year to show the diligence, wisdom and hospitality of the Bulgarian people through cultural activities and promote economic and trade exchanges. 20 12 On June 3rd, China's largest brand of essential oil, "AFU Afu Essential Oil", successfully renewed its contract to participate in the Rose Festival held in Kazanlek.

Memorial Day: Week of Georgia Day in mid-June: On May 6th, in the "Eitel" folk village on the outskirts of the central Bulgarian city of Gabrovo, Bulgarian youths dressed in national costumes performed dances to celebrate Bulgaria's annual Georgia Day. Georgia Day, also known as Eid al-Adha, is one of the most solemn traditional festivals in Bulgaria. On this day, people sang and danced in memory of the brave and just God "St. George", drank mutton soup collectively, and prayed for the whole family to stay away from demons and be healthy.

Unification Day: September 6th every year. 1878, according to the Berlin Treaty signed after the Russian-Turkish war, Bulgaria was divided into two parts. One is the Bulgarian principality in the west, and the other is the "East Rumilia" principality in the east. The Bulgarian people resolutely opposed foreign forces to split their country and launched a struggle to restore national unity. 1On September 6th, 885, the rebels of "East Rumilia" captured the capital plovdiv, overthrew the governor appointed by the Ottoman Empire, and announced the merger of "East Rumilia" and the Principality of West Bulgaria. In the history of Bulgaria, this event is called "the unification of East and West".

Independence Day: September 22nd every year.

Easter: Celebrate for three consecutive days.

Christmas (with other countries).