What are the characteristics of Li nationality?

Li Jin: The amazing beauty of "South China Cultural History Specimen"?

Li Jin has experienced a long and glorious history. It is a unique cultural tradition of the Li nationality and has always played an important role in the cultural life of the Li people. Shi Tubo, who has been to the Li nationality area of Hainan Island, also described Li Jin with a very professional eye. He has a soft spot for Li Jin! Wherever I go, I "frantically" buy clothes for Li women; For the description of clothing art, the brushwork is particularly delicate and touching. He praised: "Women's clothing is the most artistic and beautiful textile and embroidery among the aborigines in Hainan Island, and its technology is particularly developed." From the anthropological point of view, he attaches importance to the creation art of Li women's costumes, because Li Jin is a silent history written by Li people in costumes. With every aspect of the life of the Li nationality, German anthropologist Stub wrote down the humanistic ecology of the Li nationality in 1930s.

The Li nationality does not have its own written language. The inheritance of Li Jin is passed down from mother to mother, not only imparting skills, but also imparting excellent human virtues. Li Jin is an artistic expression of the unique style formed by Li nationality from ancient times to modern times. It contains rich folk customs and unique national philosophy. Li Jin uses Hainan's ecological materials for artistic creation. Li Jin, who is completely handmade, "will suddenly write."

Li Jin originated from the production and life of the Li people, and its manifestations are very rich. This is a clothing culture with unique Li cultural characteristics and national aesthetic charm created by Li women with their outstanding wisdom. It has accumulated and innovated continuously in history, gradually formed traditional spinning, dyeing, weaving and embroidery skills, and achieved brilliant Li brocade. (Text: Zhou Weimin, Tang Lingling)

National Wine-Li Family's "Maotai Liquor"

Shan Lan rice is a upland rice in mountainous areas, which is selected by Li people in their long-term life practice and is suitable for planting in arid areas. According to relevant data, rice is "absolutely white" and "boiled rice is fragrant all over the village", which is rich in nutrition and is the treasure of Li people to welcome guests. The wine brewed with Shan Lan rice is called Shan Lan wine, and it has the reputation of "Lijia wine" because of its unique and mellow aroma. Although Shan Lan rice is very good, it is not easy to grow. It needs a series of production processes, such as cutting down trees, burning, planting, nursing, weeding and harvesting. It belongs to slash-and-burn production mode. By means of incineration, the vegetation on the ground will be burned into ashes as a necessary fertilizer for crop growth, and at the same time, the soil near 10 cm on the surface will become loose, which is beneficial to farming and can also burn pests on the surface. Therefore, planting upland rice is not only a feature of Li nationality, but also reflects the wisdom of Li people's coexistence with nature. However, this farming method is at the expense of destroying large forests and changing soil structure. When the land is vast and sparsely populated, the forest can be slowly restored through succession. In modern times, the growing population has brought great pressure to forests and land, and the slash-and-burn production mode has not adapted. Now the government explicitly prohibits deforestation, and the planting area of dry rice is not as extensive as before. Fragrant Shan Lan rice and mellow Shan Lan rice wine are becoming more and more precious.

Li Tattoo: The Culture of Tattooing on the Face

Tattoo tools are relatively simple, mostly based on local materials. There are mainly rattan thorns, bat needles and dyes. Rattan thorns are mostly white rattan thorns. Lianas mostly grow in Li area. The vines are dense and solitary. The solitary thorns should be sharp, and the thorns must be neatly arranged on the shaft on the same side of the vine. Alternate (that is, opposite) rows of thorns should be arranged neatly, with equal length and equal spacing, and generally take one or two groups. The length of the hand-held part is arbitrary. Peel off the skin, leaving only wood and bones. Keep the vines clean to avoid infection and illness after giving the article. Where there are no vines, the hard and sharp thorns of other plants can be used as tools. Needle bat is a tool for tattooing and hitting rattan thorns. It can be bamboo, wood or chopsticks. Dyes are used to draw and dye patterns in tattoos. Use charcoal from local trees to mix vegetable oil, water or juice from plant leaves, stems and fruits. Different trees are used in different places. For example, Kuzi charcoal oil, Juglans mandshurica seed ash water, Sekan wood ash palm oil, elephant spot tree fruit ash oil, pine seed bright ash elephant spot tree oil, etc. These trees are called by the local Li people.

Tattooing is done by older and experienced women. Most of them are relatives, grandmothers, mothers, sisters, aunts, aunts and so on. In the process of tattooing, we should first choose an auspicious day, and the chief scribe will hold a ceremony to kill chickens, pour wine and make sacrifices, and report the names of the recipients to the ancestors to protect peace. The hostess swept the floor with leaves, saying that it was to drive away "evil spirits" and hung the leaves on the door to show taboo and prohibit outsiders from entering. In addition to the master and the recipient's mother, two or three women who have finished tattooing must be invited to participate in the tattooing procedure. After the successful essay writing, the longan leaves should be boiled and washed, and the parents of the recipients should kill chickens or pigs, and hold a banquet to celebrate the beautiful face given by the Lord to the recipients. The master and daughter are well paid, some are two sunshine, a handful of rice, and some are paid for a cow. If the writing fails, it is blamed on the disturbance of ghosts. The family members of the recipients should beat gongs and drums, kill their ancestors and worship ghosts, and pray for their ancestors to give the tattoo a beautiful appearance.

Tattooing is a sacred part of Li people's life, so the ceremony and process of tattooing are naturally valued by Li people. It can be said that tattooing used to be a common ritual of every Li woman's life customs, so the customs, rituals and taboos of tattooing are also very complicated.