What is the population density of Huishui County, Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou Province?

Population density: 175 people/km2.

Huishui County is located in the south-central part of Guizhou Province, bordering Guiyang in the north and Anshun in the west. The county is 72 kilometers wide from east to west and 68 kilometers long from north to south, with a total area of about 2,470 square kilometers. It governs 8 towns 17 townships, with a total population of 400,000, and ethnic minorities account for 58%. Huishui has been set up in Nanning since the Five Dynasties, Bafan in the Song Dynasty and Fancheng House and Dingfan House in the Ming Dynasty. It has a history of 1000 years. The Han nationality, Buyi nationality, Miao nationality, Maonan nationality, Zhuang nationality, Yi nationality, Shui nationality, Hui nationality and other nationalities who have lived in this land for generations have built Huishui into a famous hometown of rice and citrus fruits in Guizhou.

Huishui is located in south-central Guizhou, east longitude10623 ′ 20 ″—10705 ′14 ″; 25 40 ′ 26 ″-26 ″17 ′ 45 ″ north latitude. The forest coverage rate is 4 1.28%. The afforestation rate of trees is 47.58%.

Huishui belongs to karst basin landform, Lianjiang runs through the whole territory, Lianjiang alluvial plain covers an area of 90 square kilometers, with fertile land, criss-crossing buildings, green fields and full of vitality. Huishui has a subtropical monsoon climate, with no severe cold in winter, no heat in summer, spring-like seasons and pleasant climate.

The proven mineral resources include iron, manganese and antimony, and nonmetals include arsenic, crystal stone, Iceland spar, marble and silica.

Since the reform and opening up, Huishui has entered a brand-new historical period. 1999 the gross national product is 603.57 million yuan, and the total grain output is124,200 tons. Now, a complete industrial structure has been formed in agriculture and animal husbandry, food, metallurgy, chemical industry, machinery, mining, paper making, wine making, building materials and so on. 1998 was approved as an open county by the State Council. Tourism began to develop. Trade and commerce are increasingly active. Great progress has been made in education, science and technology, culture, sports and health. Remarkable achievements have been made in building socialist spiritual civilization, democracy and legal system.

The development of history

Huishui county has a long history of humanities. In the Five Dynasties, Nanning was located in Wollongong, 7 kilometers south of the county seat. Song Dynasty is the land of "five surnames and seven surnames of southwest yi"; There were eight appeasement departments in the Yuan Dynasty, which were called "eight times" in history. In the Ming Dynasty, Fancheng Mansion and Dingfan Mansion were successively established to administer 16 Dragon Lawsuit. Ding Fan county was founded in1914; 194 1 renamed Huishui County. 1949165438+1On October 24th, China People's Liberation Army occupied Huishui County, and Huishui was liberated. Since then, the history of Huishui has turned a new page. 1952 10 On October 4th, Huishui Yi and Miao Autonomous Region was established, becoming the first regional minority autonomous county in Guizhou Province. 1June 27th, 954 was renamed Huishui Buyi and Miao Autonomous Region. 1955 May 1 1, renamed Huishui Buyi and Miao Autonomous County,1956 65438+February renamed Huishui County. From 1949 1 1 to 1956 1, Huishui County was successively placed under the jurisdiction of Xiuwen, Guiyang, Anshun and Qiannan. 10 to September 1958, 165438+ 1963 belong to Guiyang city, and since September 1963 has been included in Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture.

Population and nationality

Huishui Buyi population is distributed in 25 towns 1075 natural villages in the county. It is mainly distributed in Chang 'an, Wangyou, Yin Da, Yashui, Mati and Governor, with an area of about 1272 square kilometers, accounting for 5 1.6% of the total area.

Huishui Miao nationality is the county with the largest population of Miao nationality in Qiannan Prefecture, which is distributed in 25 towns and villages in the county. There are two towns with more than 10,000 people: Duckdown and Platinum. Huishui Miao has eight branches, which are divided into Platinum Branch, Yazhai Branch, Governor Branch, Dongshang Branch, Daba Branch, Baibang Branch, Doudi Branch and Tianchang Branch. Six branches are distributed in the east of Lianjiang, such as Platinum and Duck Down. . Huishui Maonan ethnic group is one of the ethnic groups with a small population in China, mainly distributed in 7 villages along Lianjiang River in Heping and Gaozhen counties of our county, with a total population of 2,200.

In 2006, people of all ethnic groups in our county maintained a good momentum of rapid economic growth around the development idea of "rich in agriculture, strong in industry, rich in urban construction, lively in business, hot in tourism and bright in culture". The county's GDP 16 1 100 million yuan, an increase of 13.02% over the previous year, exceeding the average growth rate of provinces and states. The tertiary industry structure changed from 50.9∶24. 1∶25 in 2002 to 39.92∶29.45∶30.63 in 2006, and the comprehensive development strength was obviously enhanced, and a new economic pattern was taking shape.

(A) the "three rural" work has achieved remarkable results. Since 2003, taking the implementation of agricultural development projects as an opportunity, our county has intensified the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure, promoted the process of agricultural industrialization, made the agricultural structure more reasonable, and formed four leading industries, namely planting, animal husbandry, fruit and labor export, and a diversified development pattern. A planting base for citrus, early-maturing vegetables, high-quality rice, flue-cured tobacco, black glutinous rice, ginger, potatoes, medicinal materials, flowers and other agricultural products has been built, which has effectively promoted the rural economic development. The total agricultural output value increased from 657 million yuan in 2002 to 654.38+0.9 billion yuan in 2006, with an average annual growth rate of 8.9%.

(2) The industrial economy continued to grow. Our county's industries have formed a pattern of expanding and building one by one, and formed a multi-category industrial system with manufacturing, metallurgy, phosphorus chemical industry, food processing, building materials, pharmacy and electric power as pillar industries or leading industries, and the industrial structure adjustment has taken substantial steps. In 2006, industrial production grew steadily, with the county's total industrial output value of 65.438+0.38 billion yuan, an increase of 654.38+0.05% over the previous year. Among them, the industrial output value above designated size was 65.438+0.25 billion yuan, an increase of 32.2%. Tianchang Industrial Park's application for Guizhou Huishui (Tianchang) Science and Technology Industrialization Demonstration Base and Huishui County Productivity Promotion Center is progressing smoothly.

(3) The tertiary industry is booming. In 2006, the added value was 493 million yuan, an increase of 73.9% over 2002, with an average annual increase of 14.7%. The total retail sales of social consumer goods reached 303 million yuan, an increase of 57.65% over 2002, with an average annual increase of 12. 1%. With the rapid development of market construction, agricultural wholesale market, Haohuahong commercial street and other commercial facilities have been put into use one after another, gradually forming a reasonable, standardized and orderly market system. Tourism and real estate have become new economic highlights and growth points. In recent years, relying on national culture, the third China Guizhou Huishui "Good Flower Red" Art Festival and the first Kumquat Festival have been successfully held, and a series of large-scale economic and trade cultural activities such as colorful Guizhou, "Lianjiang is full of good flowers red", colorful Guizhou and "Yonghong" have been successfully launched, and "Huishui Quality Rice", "China Kumquat Town" and "China Glutinous Rice Town" have been successfully launched. The popularity and reputation of Huishui have been improved, and the development of ethnic customs tourism in Kowloon and Haohuahong has achieved initial results. In 2006, * * * received tourists 192300, with a total income of 22 million yuan. The real estate industry continues to develop. In the past four years, the county's investment has reached 654.38+0.5 billion yuan, with an average annual increase of 37.2%. The completed building area is 6,543,800+0,380 square meters.

(4) The fiscal revenue grew rapidly, the financial operation was healthy and stable, and the people's living standards improved significantly. Fiscal revenue achieved a historic breakthrough, from 70.78 million yuan in 2002 to 65.438+0.3 billion yuan in 2006, with an average annual growth of 65.438+0.6 1%. The steady growth of fiscal revenue at all levels and departments and strict economy have ensured the timely and full payment of employees' wages and ensured the needs of important work and key construction. The balance of bank deposits and loans increased from 443 million yuan and 406 million yuan in 2002 to101800 million yuan and 435 million yuan in 2006 respectively. The income of urban and rural residents increased, the quality of life improved, and the per capita net income of farmers reached 2050 yuan.

There are 26,265,438 ethnic minorities in Huishui County, accounting for 60.7% of the total population. Buyi and Miao are the main groups, and their basic characteristics are as follows: first, they are widely distributed in all towns and villages in the county; Second, the economic development is unbalanced and the overall development level lags behind. Most ethnic minorities in our county, especially Miao people, live in mountainous and semi-mountainous areas, and the development of economic, cultural and educational development is relatively backward. Third, the national traditional culture is well preserved and the national tourism resources are rich; In the long-term production and life, ethnic minorities in our county have formed excellent national traditions, colorful folk customs and unique national cultural styles, which have accumulated over time and bred excellent national cultural brands. The famous Buyi folk song "Haohuahong" originated in Haohuahong Township of our county. The ecological environment and traditional farming culture in ethnic areas of our county are well maintained, and the scenery is beautiful and unique, which has the unique advantage of creating a national tourism industry that perfectly combines ethnic customs with natural scenery. Fourth, the Han nationality and ethnic minorities should be integrated accordingly. Within about 20 kilometers from the county seat, ethnic minorities, especially Buyi people, have a high proportion of sinicization.

(A) Buyi people

Clothing: Buyi people are distributed in 25 towns and villages in our county. Buyi nationality is an ancient nation, and their costumes have formed their own unique costume culture and art in the long history. Buyi women are hardworking, intelligent and clever. In the era of economic backwardness, they are self-reliant and self-sufficient in planting, textile, printing and dyeing. Buyi costumes are simple and elegant, simple and dignified. In terms of color, it is generally blue-green, and the lining is white. Men wear collarless right lapels, long and short blue clothes, buttons, belts and bandannas. The sleeves are very wide, and there is a sense of spread of hiding pigs. Men's Baotou handkerchief is about 4 meters long, made of self-woven small cloth, or blue-green. Tang Xian area likes to wrap it with flowers and plaids, which is more noble and beautiful. Before the 1930s, women were mostly skirts, and there were two kinds of skirts. One is a simple skirt made of green cloth, which is mainly worn at home. The other is a dress with fine workmanship, which is made up of dozens of diamond-shaped embroidered colored cloth. After the 1930s, Buyi women generally changed their skirts into trousers, and women wore clothes and trousers, which were very fancy. It consists of headdress, coat, belt, trousers, shoes and jewelry. The headdress is made of a small piece of cloth, about 180 cm long and 30 cm wide. There are also high-grade blue satin handkerchiefs, flower handkerchiefs and assorted handkerchiefs bought in the market. When a girl gets married, she will put her long hair in a bun, put on a hairnet, a silver hairpin, earrings and bracelets. There are jade, silver, copper and bone bracelets.

Residence: Buyi people in Huishui choose residence more than water source, and choose to build houses and villages in areas with beautiful flat dams or hills and rivers or streams. Generally, there are mountains behind the village, and there are villages and mountains in front. Around the village, ancient trees are towering and bamboo is swaying. There are many orchards in Pingba area, and there are famous money oranges. In late autumn, the fruit is full of gold.

Buyi's housing construction follows the ancient "dry column" architecture. The "Gan Lan" architecture first appeared in Shu Wei. "There are many different kinds of Gainan people. They live in scattered valleys by building blocks, so they are called Gan Lan. The size of the fence depends on the number of families. " It shows that Buyi ancestors lived in a ravine with dense forests.

Marriage custom: it has always been monogamous, and some wealthy families also have concubines. Historically, they married within their own ethnic group, but they were not allowed to marry with the same surname. In 1930s, intermarriage appeared, and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, intermarriage increased day by day. Marriage in ancient times was "the life of parents, the words of matchmakers." With the development of society and the evolution of ideas, arranged by parents and free marriage coexist. The traditional Buyi marriage custom has the following procedures: First, parents marry their adult sons and get married. Parents will take the initiative to ask their son's opinion and listen to his views and ideas. The other is that when the matchmaker is invited to the woman's house for the first time to bring a gift for testing, the matchmaker puts the gift on the shrine of the woman's house, shows his intention sincerely, and introduces the man's situation. The woman's parents politely decline, and do not agree or disagree. After three or five days, the woman did not return the gold letter. A few days later, the matchmaker went to the woman's house again. If the original gift letter is still on the shrine, it means that he disagrees. If the original gift letter has been received, it means that the visa has not been refused, and it can be discussed. Through the matchmaker, the woman will tell the other party about her affiliation. The man asked someone to calculate the animal signs of both men and women. If there are no defects, the marriage bridge will be built. After the parents discussed it, the man's mother accompanied the matchmaker and five or six women and brought gifts to each family. The woman will invite relatives to accompany her. During the dinner, she will agree to marry the child. This ceremony is called "eating chicken brain". Secondly, engagement, "eating chicken brains" can only be regarded as this kind of marriage, and it is necessary to further determine the marriage relationship, that is, engagement. The main content is to ask the woman to "eight characters" and agree on the bride price. This engagement is to go to some areas where men go and women go. In addition to the matchmaker and host, we should also invite middle-aged and elderly people at home to accompany us. The third is marriage, commonly known as receiving relatives. Buyi people come on foot. In some areas, such as Tang Xian, the bride takes a big sedan chair and two elders take a small sedan chair to see her off. Colorful flags, lanterns, suona, tuba accompanied, blowing all the way, very lively.

Funeral custom: According to historical records and folk surveys, in ancient times, it was cremation, canned and buried underground or put in rock clips. In modern times, cremation and coffin burial are still used. Both abnormal death and infectious disease death should be cremated. Buyi people believe that only cremation can drive away evil spirits and eradicate roots, and completely prevent such infectious diseases from being passed on to future generations. Now the coffin is buried as a natural death. The general procedures of traditional funeral customs of Buyi people include: farewell, obituary, farewell, corpse washing, plastic surgery, escorting, burial, mourning, funeral, offering sacrifices to spirits, burning spirits, cutting cattle, etc.

Festivals: Buyi people have many grand festivals, such as Spring Festival, March 3rd, April 8th, June 6th and September Double Ninth Festival. There are also festivals celebrated with other ethnic groups, such as "Dragon Boat Festival in May" and "July and a half", but in different forms.

Literature and Art: Buyi people have rich and colorful folk literature with a wide range of subjects, diverse forms and vivid feelings, which is the crystallization of oral creation by Buyi people in their long-term production, life and struggle practice. Buyi's poems are both poems and songs, with bright rhythm and beautiful rhythm. The lyrics are mostly seven-character poems, but also interspersed with a few five-character poems and nine-character poems. The manifestations of Buyi folk literature in Huishui are: rhyme style, that is, ballads, proverbs, riddles and so on; Prose is a story, including myths, legends, narratives, fables and jokes. Quyi style, including rap, jingle and lyrics.

Folk songs can be divided into: wine songs, panqu songs, antithetical songs, prose songs and so on. From the content, it can be divided into: love songs, current political songs, labor songs, bitter songs, life songs, ritual songs, historical legends songs, ancient songs, folk songs, children's songs and so on.

Folk dances mainly include stick dance, weaving dance, fragrant flower dance, scattered flower dance, bronze drum dance, wax dance, flower blue dance, cymbal dance, transition dance, ringing Artemisia dance, chaff bag dance and so on.

Folk arts and crafts mainly include painting, weaving, flower picking, embroidery, printing and dyeing, suona making, weaving, sculpture, paper cutting and so on.

(2) Miao nationality

Huishui Miao is a member of the big family of the Chinese nation. With its long history, ancient civilization, unique customs and splendid culture, Miao people have written brilliant chapters on the land of China, adding luster to the cultural treasure house of the motherland and the world.

Clothing: Huishui Miao people, in ancient times, women generally wore skirts. Skirts can be divided into casual wear and long skirts. Long skirt and calf, short skirt just above the knee. The long skirt is beautifully made, with exquisite materials, satin back in cotton, embroidery, batik and Miao brocade. Yazhai branch, a women's dress, worth several thousand yuan.

Only Baijin and Baibang, two branches of Miao women, still generally wear short skirts. Other branches, in the early years of the Republic of China, skirts were easy to wear pants, and skirts were only made of shroud cloth. Huishui Miao people, especially the platinum branch, wear all kinds of silver ornaments when they dress up, all of which are glittering and gorgeous; Walking and jumping, the jingle of silver bells is intoxicating.

Language: Huishui Miao language belongs to Huishui Sub-dialect and Guiyang Sub-dialect of Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan dialects, and is divided into four dialect areas: central, southeast, north and east. Although there are differences between languages, on the whole, Miao language can be used as a communication tool.

Domicile: Huishui Miao Village is mostly built on the mountain. The village is surrounded by lush bamboo forests and trees. Full of green in the village has lush bamboo forests, towering old trees at the entrance and beautiful scenery.

Housing construction, according to local conditions, has different directions and is sparse and uneven. Generally, it is the first floor and the bottom floor or the second floor and the bottom floor. Most of them are built on hillsides or half slopes, and houses are rarely built on flat dams. Houses are mainly tiled bungalows, and a few poor households use thatch, straw and straw to build houses. Stigmas, walls and floors are all made of wood.

Marriage: In the past, there were two kinds of marriage: arranged marriage and free marriage. In feudal society, in addition to arranged marriages by parents, there is also a tradition of young men and women freely falling in love and getting married. Young men and women associate openly. Every happy event, festival or market day, young people can openly engage in social activities, talk about love and sing love songs. Every year, from the first day of the first lunar month to a dozen, young women from all villages gather in a place next to the village, light charcoal fires, sing and embroider, which is called "sitting in the garden"; It is a good time for young Miao people in Huishui to love each other when young men from each village go to the park in pairs. Through various public social activities, more contacts and feelings, and with the consent of parents, you can get married. Generally speaking, marriage is established through three procedures: matchmaking, engagement and marriage. The wedding of the Miao nationality in Baibang branch was held on the 30th of the twelfth lunar month, and there was no auspicious day.

Funeral custom: There were cave burial and earth burial in ancient times. In ancient times, five Miao people carried out cave burial: Baijin, Doudi, Baibang, Governor and Dongshang. Now all Miao people carry out burial.

Festivals: In addition to celebrating the Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, June 6th, July 30th, Mid-Autumn Festival in August and Double Ninth Festival in September, Huishui Miao people also have their own festivals, mainly including flower jumping, vegetable picking, pest control, flower shooting, April 8th, wrestling, bullfighting and catching autumn slopes.

Culture and art: Huishui Miao people have a long history, wisdom and hard work, and have created rich and colorful culture and art in their long-term life practice and social life. The ancient songs, bitter songs, folk songs and love songs in Miao folk literature are rich in content and beautiful in timbre. The widely circulated fairy tales, legends and proverbs, folk music and dances represented by saber dance, Lusheng dance, bronze drum dance and eight-stick dance, and folk handicrafts represented by embroidery and textile batik are representative cultural and artistic masterpieces.

Tourist scenery

First, Qingshuiyuan ethnic customs point

Qingshuiyuan is a Buyi stockade near the mountains and rivers. At the foot of the stockade is the Bailang River, which runs day and night, and the newly-built bridge spans it. At the eastern end of the village, a clear spring water gushed from the entrance of Qingshui source. The spring water is stored in a ten-acre pond, sparkling and can be used for boating. This Buyi hut is a typical Buyi building, with scattered houses and blue-tiled wood structure. Buyi men and women are hospitable, good at singing and dancing, and rich in costumes and handicrafts. Woma and Gaozhai, hundreds of meters away from Qingshuiyuan, are rich in Miao customs and gorgeous in costumes. Their Lusheng team has performed in provinces and states for many times. On traditional festivals such as March 3rd, April 8th and June 6th every year, Miao and Buyi people dressed in costumes gather at the bridge head of Qingshuiyuan, playing suona tuba, playing gongs and drums, dancing lusheng, dancing flowers and singing folk songs. The atmosphere is warm and crowded. In recent years, Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference's Standing Committee, the State Council's Hong Kong Affairs Advisor, Chairman of New China-Hong Kong Group Co., Ltd., Mr. Xu Zhantang, Justice of the Peace of Hong Kong, and British friends have visited and received warm welcome. They deeply admired the "beautiful scenery" here and bought colorful Miao and Buyi costumes and exquisite handicrafts as permanent memories.

Reply of the provincial people's government on agreeing to the adjustment of administrative divisions of some towns and villages in Huishui County

Qian Reply [2014] No.30

Qiannan Prefecture People's Government:

Your request for instructions on adjusting the administrative divisions of villages and towns in Huishui County (Qiannan Fucheng [2014] No.4) and its annexes have been received. The answer is as follows:

1. Agree to cancel heping town, Gaozhen, Sandu, Duanshan, Wangyou, Yashui, Platinum, Dalong, Tianchang, Daba, Jialie, Haohuahong, Jia Rong, Jidi, Tang Xian, Taiyang, Chang 'an, Yin Da, Daoma, Duck Down and Doudi in Huishui County. The newly established district governs Haohuahong Town, Duanshan Town, Tang Xian Town, Baijin Town, Yashui Town, Wangyou Town, Gangdu Town, Lianjiang Street and Mengjiang Street as follows:

(1) The newly established Haohuahong Town governs Sandu Town, Haohuahong Township and Jiarong Township, and the town people's government is located in Sandu Village.

(2) The newly established Duanshan Town governs the original Duanshan Town, the volume township and the town people's government in 8 villages.

(3) The newly established Tang Xian Town governs Wuxing Village, Heping Village, Yinqiao Village and Jingang Village in Tang Xian Township and Taiyang Yuan Township, and the Town People's Government is stationed in Hongqi Village.

(4) The newly established Baijin Town governs the original Baijin Town, Duck Down Township, Doudi Township and Baibang Township, and the town people's government is stationed in Baijin Village.

(5) The newly established Yashui Town governs the original Yashui Town, Baiwang Village, Baie Village, Shaobo Village, Xiniu Village, Lupeng Village, Luoping Village, Jima Township and Taiyang Yuan Township, and the town people's government is stationed in Yashui Village.

(6) The newly established Wangyou Town governs the original Wangyou Town, Chang 'an Township and Yin Da Township, and the town people's government is located in Wangyou Village.

(7) The newly established Governor Town governs the former Governor Township and Wangningxiang, and the Town People's Government is stationed in Governor Village.

(8) The newly established Lianjiang Street governs heping town and Dalong Township, and the sub-district office is located in Xishan Community.

(9) The newly established Mengjiang Street governs the original Gaozhen Town, Tianchang Township, Daba Township and Jialie Township, and the sub-district office is located in Gaozhen Village.

Second, please do a good job in the adjustment of administrative divisions to promote the all-round development of local economy and society.

People of Guizhou Province Fu Zheng

20 14 February 14

202 1, 1, in 2020, the ranking of influential counties in rural revitalization communication was released, and Huishui County ranked 34th.

202 1 1 14. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs recommended Huishui County as the third batch of national rural entrepreneurial innovation typical counties.

In June 2020, Huishui County was included in the second batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization counties (Long March District (Red Army)).

On June 2, 2020, 65438, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs recognized Huishui County as the fourth batch of demonstration counties (cities, districts) in China that took the lead in basically realizing the whole mechanization of main crop production.

On February 22nd, 20 18, Huishui County was included in the list of counties (cities, districts) with basically balanced development of compulsory education in China in 20 17.