A detailed introduction of Miao customs, languages, festivals and costumes.

Miao people's dietary customs have their own characteristics. The Miao people in Qiandongnan, Xiangxi and Rongshui of Hainan Island take rice as their staple food, as well as corn, sweet potato, millet and other miscellaneous grains.

Miao people in northwest Guizhou, south Sichuan and northeast Yunnan live on corn, potatoes, buckwheat and oats. There are many kinds of non-staple food, besides collecting wild vegetables and engaging in fishing and hunting, there are also livestock, poultry, fish, beans, vegetables, fruits and so on.

Hot and sour taste is an indispensable thing in Miao life. In the past, due to the lack of salt in mountainous areas, many Miao people lived on light food all the year round and could only use hot and sour seasoning. Over time, they formed a habit.

2. Miao language:

Miao language belongs to the branch of Miao Yao language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. In the early 1950s, the second research group of China Academy of Sciences conducted a field trip.

Through scientific research on similar word formation and different phonetic features of Miao languages in different places, Miao languages are divided into three dialect areas, namely Xiangxi dialect, Guizhou Oriental dialect, Sichuan-Guizhou-Yunnan dialect, seven sub-dialect areas and eighteen dialect areas.

3. Miao festivals:

The date of 1-1 5th is the year of drama festival, in which1sub-day is the day of the year, Miao people don't go out, and1ugly day is the day of the year. From 1 ugly day to 2- 14, people visit relatives and friends to celebrate the new year.

15 is the last year, and the first ugly day of the partial moon is the Friendship Day, also called the Dragon Head Festival. Miao people worship land gods, solitaire and Anlong. The first day of June, 5438+10 month (a material exchange and social festival for men and women).

The first Sunday in February is Ox King's Day, cherry party for men and women, and Buddha's birthday. The first and second days of March are the Dragon Boat Festival and the Dragon Boat Festival respectively. The Dragon Boat Festival was later called Qu Yuan Festival, also known as Qu Yuan Festival and Singer Festival, to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan.

The 1 day in April is the Dragon Boat Festival and the New Year. The 1 sub-day in May is the Lunar New Year, the second cloudy day in June is the Duck Festival, and the second birthday is the Autumn Festival.

The 1 God's Day in July is the wine festival, and August is the festival of sacrifice, which mainly carries out activities such as ancestor worship, eating pigs, jumping incense, mourning and Anlong. Hunting Festival September, Meishan Three Gods Festival, hunting begins. The morning and afternoon of June 10 are pig bathing festival, kitchen god festival and New Year's Eve.

4. Miao costumes:

Miao costumes are diverse and colorful. There are five streams in the later Han Dynasty. Wuxi, the junction of Xiangxi with Guizhou, Sichuan and Hubei, is named after five streams.

According to the records of Miao people's good five-color clothes, Du Fu, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, also wrote a famous poem about five streams changing clothes. There are more than 100 styles of Miao women's wear, which is the highest in China. More representative traditional costumes, there are dozens of headdresses only inserted in the bun.

Miao women generally wear narrow sleeves, big collars, double-breasted tops and pleated skirts. The dress is either long to the feet, elegant and colorful, or short to the knees and graceful.

Casual clothes are mostly wrapped in a handkerchief on the head, a blouse on the upper body, a pair of trousers on the lower body, embroidered edges, an embroidered waist and a little delicate silver ornaments as a foil.

Miao men's costumes are relatively simple, mostly double-breasted tops or right-handed robes, with wool felt woven with geometric patterns on their shoulders, blue baotou on their heads and leggings on their calves.

Extended data:

Miao people mainly live in Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong and other places, with large settlements, small settlements and other ethnic mixed areas. ?

Use Miao language, which belongs to Sino-Tibetan language family.

Miao Yao language family

Miao language is divided into three dialects: Xiangxi, Qiandong and Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan. There are also small branch dialects in the big dialect. Miao people in mixed areas can speak Chinese, Dong language and Zhuang language.

In the past, there was no unified script for Miao people. 1956 created or reformed the Latin phonetic alphabet of four dialects. Miao people believe in primitive religions with animism.

Miao nationality is one of the ancient nationalities with a long history in China. It was called "Miao" in the history books more than 4,000 years ago. Nan Man? There are Miao ancestors in the clan or tribe. In ancient legends, Chiyou, who fought alongside the Yellow Emperor and Yan Di, was the ancestor worshipped by the Miao people.

There are many people who call themselves Miao, such as Mu, Meng, Mao, Guo Xiong and so on. In some places, Miao people are given different names according to their places of residence and costumes, such as long skirt Miao, short skirt Miao, long horn Miao, red Miao and black Miao.

Since the Han Dynasty, Miao people have been living in Xiangxi, western Hubei, eastern Sichuan and eastern Guizhou, and have been migrating constantly due to war, famine, disease, numerous births and abandoned farmland.

As a result, Miao people are widely distributed, with great differences in dialects, costumes, headdresses and customs, and unbalanced social and economic development. Miao people mainly grow rice and corn, and also manage cash crops such as tung oil and rape, as well as rare medicinal materials such as Tianqi, Gastrodia elata and Eucommia ulmoides. ?

Baidu encyclopedia-Miao?