The Intangible Culture of Louguan Town

Junzhai Taoism is an important part of Guanzhong Taoism and is listed as the intangible cultural heritage of the province. The fatwa originated from Taoism in the Tang Dynasty, and originally publicized the teachings and theories of Taoism, aiming at promoting self-cultivation of Taoism and turning evil into good, which is what Taoism calls "enlightenment".

Taoism is based on the four words of "purity, morality, high morality and inheritance". "Qing" is quietism, "xian" is virtue, "Gao" is virtue, and "zai" is propaganda. Most of them are based on Taoist stories, or adapted from Taoist classics, absorbing folk songs and developing into various songs. The forms are standing singing, sitting singing, and percussion instruments such as fish drum, sharp board, cloud incense board and bell. There are 48 tunes, such as Baojiaobao, Yihua, Wu Ye, Shepherd, Wugeng, Yaner Dance, Thirteen Tunes, Guaibai and Meihuadao. , mainly to sing, supplemented by speaking, and some sing to the end. There are bitter broken boards, connecting boards, substitute boards and adagio on the disc. The singing is beautiful and mellow, and the Taoist music is rich in color. The repertoires include Selling Taoist robes, Crossing the Woods, Crossing the Flower Pavilion, The Story of the Eight Immortals, Filial Piety as Mother, No.1 Scholar and Brother, Making Three Filial Pieties, and Lv Mengzheng Zhuanzhai, etc. In Louguan area, the Taoist sentiment of Zhaijun Village is the most representative, so it is called the Taoist sentiment of Zhai Jun.

Louguan gongs and drums

Every village in Louguan has a gongs and drums team, and the drum score is similar. Based on the Eight Diagrams Palm Taiji Drum, they absorbed the musical style of their drum. The gongs and drums set out, guided by the guard of honor, and dozens of colorful flags danced and hunted. Gongs and drums can be divided into big drums, medium drums, large cymbals, medium cymbals and medium gongs. Drum tight, there are "small casserole" and "big casserole".

Niu Douhu

Fighting tigers is a folk dance with a long history. It was born in Bajiazhuang, Louguan Town. Five people performed, two of them dressed as tigers, two as cows and one as a shepherd boy. Bajiazhuang has four potentials, eight small potentials and twenty-four Pingyang potentials. Tigers jump, search, look, trip, stand, lie, sit, shrink, roll and jump, all of which are very powerful. Cows' actions such as looking at the moon, licking their backs, eating grass, shrinking their forks and digging their ears are naughty and lovely, and their performances are fierce. The tiger has a tiger's power, and the cow has a cow's strength, which shows the ideological connotation of evil not suppressing righteousness, being weak and not afraid of strength, and bravely fighting to win.

bamboo horse

Bamboo horse is one of the common folk dances. The most representative bamboo horses in Louguan are deer, horse and bamboo horse. When dancing, there are eight bamboo horses on the field. The horses have candles on their chests and buttocks, which will not go out or fall down when they run. There are white horses with sideburns, old dragons wrapped around trees, four lanterns, fishing flowers, snake shells, overlapping cities and overlapping cities. During the performance, the team leader held eight thin bamboo poles about 20 feet long in his hand and gave the other end to the rider. Four horses run clockwise, four horses run counterclockwise, and eight bamboo sticks do not come apart.

Gougouzi

Ground vagabond is a kind of folk dance, usually performed by six girls. They are dressed in long skirts, long sleeves and ancient costumes, with lotus colored rings hanging on their feet, thin colored ropes tied around their waists and soft music drums. For example, the lotus fairy floats on the water, and the leading dancers in front of the team use gauze fans to clear the way, change the formation and sing folk songs, which is lively and lively. Yaocun is the most famous land traveler in Louguan area.

shadow play

There used to be several puppet troupes in Louguan area, but now there are only two troupes, Dayu and Yanshengguan. Clay sculpture was the main form in the Qing Dynasty, and solid wood carving evolved into hollow wood carving in the Republic of China. It reduces the head shape of paper carving and increases the body shape. According to the image and personality, it is designed into different forms, such as flat and thin, exaggerated, vivid, romantic, typical and realistic, bright and exquisite facial expressions. The performer held the puppet in one hand, moved the strings and eyes, and danced and sang. Free and easy movements, passionate singing, dignified atmosphere. His main performances are Xiahedong, Chopping Qin Ying, and Two Palace Letters Patent.

shadow play

Shadow play is also called cowhide shadow play and small play. Louguan Town currently only has some shadow play performances in Xilou Village. Louguan shadow play is beautifully carved. Cow and donkey skins are carved into figures, animals, utensils and decorations by means of carving, engraving, carving, carving, dyeing, covering, ironing and sewing, all of which are exquisite handicrafts. Singing is mainly based on Shaanxi opera, silk opera and Taoism. Special effects include beheading with a knife and kicking a horse to fly. Arias include Meet in the Flower Pavilion, Down the East River, Into a New House, Tang Wang Going to Hell, Fighting with Fire, etc.

Shehuo

Social fire is a kind of folk art that wins by acting, modeling and skills, also known as "playing social fire", which can be divided into single horse social fire, horse social fire, car social fire and high platform social fire. Mainly play all kinds of historical mythical figures, dramatic figures and dramatic stories. The social fire in Jiaozhen Village is the representative of Louguan Town, and has been commended many times, especially the celadon of Zhengxi Society and the bloody social fire of Zhengdong Society, which have their own characteristics and are deeply loved by the masses.

A wick, eg a candle.

Core is an elegant art in the social fire. A thumb-thick steel bar, about 2 meters long, is fixed on a special table and made into a shape with colored paper. It shows that the 4- 10-year-old child is tied to it and stands at the top. The scene is amazing, dangerous, skillful and weird.

Qin embroidery

Qin embroidery originated in the Western Zhou Dynasty and flourished today. It is one of the producing areas of Qin embroidery, which is mainly divided into two categories: manual embroidery and machine embroidery. Louguan is mostly hand-embroidered. The main stitches are plain stitches and Qi Zhen. Embroidery products include door curtain, bedspread, quilt cover, pillowcase, skirt coat, rockhopper, tiger pillow, embroidered hat and sachet.

paper cutting

Louguan paper-cut composition is full and complete, beautifully laid out, simple and rough, concise and clear, with a strong earthy flavor and strong emotional color. It has a simple folk style, the main forms are: window flower, bed flower, door painting, hanging curtain, pillow flower, shoe flower, double happiness flower and other forms, including flowers and birds, birds, animals, mythical figures and legends. Paper-cut works by Lu Peacock from Luma Village in Louguan Town and Wei from Xin 'an Village 1989 went to "Oriental Art Festival" in France.

Face flower

Flour flowers are commonly known as flower steamed buns, and the flower steamed buns displayed in festivals include "fish steamed buns" which means "more auspicious and festive" and "chicken steamed buns" which means "getting up early at dawn". When steaming steamed bread, the temperature is very particular, otherwise it can't be shaped. When making steamed buns, leave enough space to achieve one-time success. After steamed steamed bread, bright food pigments such as red, green and flowers are added, which is said to be ornamental works of art and delicious food.

clay sculpture

Louguan clay sculpture is generally divided into two categories, one is natural clay sculpture and the other is clay sculpture. Natural clay sculpture is very common in the vast rural areas. Most rural people, whether adults or children, like to do it. They borrow soil everywhere, rub mud and knead models, cover plastic embryos with powder, and make colorful statues with various patterns, mainly for people's entertainment and appreciation.

Clay sculpture is different. First, we must determine the sound and image of the statue, and then reach an agreement with the owner. Generally, we should borrow soil from Daijialiang in Yanshengguan (mainly because there is no sand and gravel in the soil there), tie it into a hollow skeleton with wooden strips, then cover it with soil and hang clothes. Most of the shaped statues are covered with red quilts and their eyes are pasted with red paper. We choose auspicious days to unveil the lights.

Paper binding

There are many paper-cutting artists in Louguan. They use bamboo reeds as the skeleton, and make lanterns, temple fair sacrifices and funeral sacrifices with colored paper. There are many kinds and beautiful shapes. Generally speaking, lanterns are the most popular and develop rapidly, especially lotus lanterns and cellophane lanterns, which are very popular among the surrounding rural people. Temple fair sacrifices are mostly pavilions, landscapes, flowers and plants, colorful cymbals, dramatic figures or historical stories. They are all fine works made of paper, and all pieces are folk works of art, which are well received by the masses. Funeral supplies generally include paper banners, buckets, wreaths, boys and girls, colored horses, Jinshan Yinshan, and now color TV sets, refrigerators, sofas, villas, cars and other funeral supplies are introduced.

Color painting

Louguan painting has a long history, which is mainly related to the reconstruction of Louguan terraces many times. There are many painting artists. At present, two painting teams have been established, namely Nanzhai Painting Team and Shangjie Painting Team.

These artists carefully draw beautiful patterns with dyes of various colors, including landscapes, flowers and plants, birds and animals, people and historical stories. On behalf of the painting school in the world, the painting of Sanyuan City God Temple was done, and the painting of Louguantai and Caijing Gallery was done by Nanzhai Painting School.

Sky Lantern

Louguan sky lantern is a scene of Louguan terraced fields, which has a history of more than 800 years. It is made of white paper, thin iron wire and thin bamboo pole. It is released every night. Before release, the candle is lit on a thin wire. With the thermal expansion in the lamp, the sky lantern slowly rises to the sky and floats in the sky.

There is a story about the sky lanterns in Louguan. It is said that Wang Xiucai, a southern scholar in the Song Dynasty, studied in Louguantai, where he was supported by Taoist priests. The scholar vowed that if he won, he would become a monk and serve the old gentleman. Wang Xiucai really won the prize when he went to Beijing. He thought he was in a dilemma if he abandoned his official and didn't go to Louguantai. On the night of the fifteenth day of the first month, he saw people putting lanterns in Beijing. He wants to know why not.

Qingqi Yan Guang

The 23rd day of the first lunar month is the last annual meeting of Jiaozhen Village in Louguan Town, which is also called "Falling Horse Meeting". At the annual meeting, Zhengxi Society performed Blue Flame.

Celadon flame lamp is a kind of folk handicraft with great appreciation value. Bowls, plates, spoons, pots and other celadon guys are fixed on a big turntable. In Jiaozhen village, celadon flame is to first tie paper into beautiful pavilions, and tie a star-picking building very beautifully, with exquisite workmanship and exquisite craftsmanship. The walls around the building are made of spun yarn, and then the celadon is stuck with special "medicine" made of Chinese herbal medicine. A string of "wind chimes" made of eight exquisite porcelain bowls is hung in every corner of the building, and they make noise when they walk. Every piece of celadon is teetering, but every time the social fire walks away, nothing falls. When it is over, it will be cleared by the "antidote".

vertebrate

Ridge beast is a kind of architectural handicraft fired in the countryside of Louguan Town. Mainly installed on the roof of new houses. Most artists are concentrated in Group 5, Beizhai Village, Louguan Town. They brought earth from Daijialiang in Yanshengguan to stir and knead the dough. Artists knead chickens, fish, pigeons, cranes and other birds and animals by hand, and match them with dragons and phoenixes. They put it in a kiln and burned it into pottery.

Pay attention to the use of hand-foot animals. General civil buildings can only use chickens, fish, pigeons and cranes. Chicken stands for "good luck", fish stands for "year after year", pigeon stands for "peace" and crane stands for "longevity", but dragons and phoenixes cannot be used. The burnt dragon and phoenix can only be used in temples or other special palaces, and the bottom is equipped with cloud tiles, which looks simple, solemn, auspicious and rich.

yangge

Yangge is a popular folk dance in Louguan Town, including waist drum. At present, there are 20 yangko teams in the town, generally consisting of 30-50 people. Yangko is performed on holidays, with dozens of colorful flags flying in front and dozens of gongs and drums roaring. Yangko, whether young or old women, is beaming, standing on the melodious drums, wearing red and green clothes and holding red silk, dancing while walking, which is deeply loved by the masses.

Filial piety song

The Book of Filial Piety is a folk song circulating in the mountainous area of Louguan Town. From southern Shaanxi to Louguan Town. This song is usually sung the night before the dead old man is buried. Composed of 3-5 people, equipped with gongs, drums, cymbals and other musical instruments. When singing alone, sometimes many people sing in chorus. The main contents of singing are Twenty-four Filial Pieties, Thirty-six Dynasties and Thirty-six Ancient People.

Filial piety songs have been introduced into Louguan Town for a long time. However, with the economic development in mountainous areas and the changes of national policies in recent years, many people in mountainous areas have moved outside the mountains, leaving only the elderly, weak women and children on the mountains. Filial piety songs gradually declined in Louguan Town and became endangered folk songs.

cloth art

Simple fabrics are made of colored cloth ends and colored threads. After processing by rural women, it has achieved certain artistic effects. In the past, people made sachets, wallets, tiger pillows, cloth tigers and tiger shoes. Modern people are increasingly pursuing to stick to nature, and the fabrics and colors that express this theme become elegant, bright, beige, light brown, brick red, dark green and so on. Earth voice is very popular. Patterns tend to be simple and lively, and the themes of plant roots, leaves, flowers, marine fish, corals and shells will be more prominent. In the texture of flower fabrics, the unity of opposites between rough and delicate is emphasized.

Cloth art is also a comprehensive art integrating folk paper-cutting, carving and production, mainly relying on traditional folk customs. When the child is full moon, grandma will send cloth tigers, and fabric can also decorate the family, making the family more warm. The fabric is elegant and generous in shape, simple and lively in color, vivid and lovely in image, and naturally interesting.

horse's hoof

Majiao is a folk belief in Louguan Town. Generally, when the East and West Buildings were held in ancient times, the nearby villages would send paper sticks, big wax and other sacrifices to the temple, and there would usually be three "clues" guards.

Horse horn, also known as Fama horn, selects three or four mature and experienced people in the morning, prepares broadswords, banners, watches and other objects, burns fire and bows down before the gods, and then the gongs and drums are deafening. Famajiao raised his knife and burned his watch in the sound of gongs and drums, followed the example of protecting the law, and gradually waved his broadsword, which seemed dizzy and drunk. Behind him, a man "gathered around the horse horn" and shouted as he walked, for fear of hurting the audience with a wave of his sword. When everyone saw it, they all retired. When they arrived at the designated place, they offered sacrifices and burned paper, and gradually rested and woke up. It is also called "horse horn"