Does anyone know how the Yi people were buried? Specific? Detailed?

Yi people have the custom of cremation. Burial is only carried out under the following two special circumstances. First, after the baby born before the full moon died, he felt that the body was too small to be cremated. Before burial, the baby's body was dressed neatly and made into a small lifting frame. The baby's body was tied to a small lifting frame, and several people were found to carry it into the wild. Near the ditch, a corner where people and animals could not tread was found and a hole was dug. The baby's body and the scaffold were placed upright in the into the pit, covered with soil, and two bamboo torches were lit and burned, which meant symbolic cremation. Secondly, lepers are buried underground. Generally, there are three situations: first, leprosy patients are isolated when they are alive, and their relatives pay a high price for burial after death. Carry the body to the wild ravine, dig a deep pit, put it in the body, put an iron pot cover on the head, cover it with thick soil and fill it up. Second, some leprosy patients have been ill for a long time, which has an impact on their neighbors. Everyone took great pains. After discussion, they put the patient in a big wooden barrel, covered it tightly, mixed the batter and buried it deeply. It means that leprosy is afraid of dying like this and will never get leprosy again. Thirdly, there is another Yi language called "Quecheng Luoling Zhisuo" (cowhide burial). Kill a cow first, peel it off, wrap it around the patient and bury it deeply. Anyone who has participated in the burial of leprosy patients cannot go home for the time being. They must be washed with water and wine before they can go home.

According to the custom of Yi people, it is more grand to hold a funeral for the elderly. Mature men died and lost the pillar of the family; After a teenager dies, it's like gouging out his parents' hearts. Of course he was sad, but unless the deceased was a hero, he could only hold a general cremation ceremony. After the death of the old man, the memorial ceremony was obviously more grand than that of the prime of life and young people. As for the degree of solemnity, it mainly depends on the financial affordability of the relatives and children of the deceased elderly. Wealthy families can slaughter a hundred cows for the funeral; Some poor families can only kill one pig. This gives rise to the distinction between honor and inferiority. In order to win face and honor, some families squandered money at funerals and borrowed money everywhere after the old man died. Afterwards, in order to pay off debts, life was difficult and even ruined. This situation is not uncommon in county towns.

Yi people are a people who respect the elderly. Whenever the news that the old man is seriously ill comes out, distant relatives and neighbors come to visit with wine, meat and eggs. The children stayed around the clock and tried their best to serve them. The old man was seriously ill and knew that he was dying, so he called his children together with the knowledgeable people in the village, made a will face to face and counted the old man's property. * * * agreed to bear the expenses of the old man's funeral and put them on the children one by one.

After the death of the old man, the memorial ceremony usually lasts for three days. Children and relatives and friends immediately got busy, and some tidied up the remains for the elderly, gently closed their mouths and eyes, rolled up their feet (the feet of the normal deceased must be rolled up, and the feet of the abnormal deceased should be straight), crossed their fists on their chests, and covered their abdomen with white towels. Some wear shroud, headscarves, cloth shoes and blankets for the elderly; Some people immediately went to pull a ram with its horn twisted three times as a sacrifice to pay tribute to the soul of the old man; Some tied wooden lifting frames (slightly like stretchers) to park the bodies, using two wooden poles as the main poles, drawing wooden strips of equal length with tiles, and tying them horizontally with white cloth. If the deceased is male, nine bars should be tied; If it is a woman, it is tied with seven, which means that the man wants to live ninety-nine; A woman should live 77 years. Why do you want to use tiles as a crossbar? Because the tiles are Chinese fir, it symbolizes that the old people will last as long as Chinese fir. After all this, children, relatives and friends cried and mourned for the old man. Move the body to a stretcher. When the mutton is cooked, it is placed in a low wooden pallet (Caiti) with the sheep's front shoulders and a feeding basin for the coffin.

People in the village agreed to offer sacrifices to auspicious days (called "Zi" in Yi language). There are several reasons why the mortuary is long: first, the children have to wait for the children to come home. Second, the immediate family didn't arrive. Third, the sacrifice is not ready yet. Fourth, calculate auspicious days according to the Yi calendar. Send people from Ben Lining village to inform relatives and friends from all over the world to come and offer their condolences. When relatives and friends heard the news, they all brought prepared food to the funeral. In fact, it is a form of mutual assistance. As the "Sunuo" (the main entrance) presiding over the funeral, it is ready to welcome relatives and friends who came to attend the funeral and "Wu Sha". At the same time, bereavement hangs a white flag.

After receiving the news of the funeral, the old man's son-in-law immediately informed his family, neighbors and relatives. Get your things ready and go to the funeral. As soon as the auspicious day arrives, the funeral procession of the son-in-law's family will gather and be presided over by knowledgeable people to specify the funeral order; Arrange who carries a gun, who dances with a sword and who rides a horse, but make sure that one person walks in front of the team with a "touch-up" (national flag mourning). Then there are the selected young people. They are wearing silk scarves, embroidered collars, dazzling silk trousers and bright red belts around their waists. A white jade inlaid "Dusigh" (ribbon of a hero) hangs obliquely on his chest, holding a sword and dancing the heroic spirit of an ancient warrior. Followed by a girl in colorful clothes. They are very cute and praised by everyone. The young man took the opportunity to choose the right person, followed by handsome soldiers with guns. All kinds of decorative flowers are tied to the gun, white jade is embedded in the halter, and bells are hung around the horse's neck, which is brighter than Qi Diao. When the team was about to enter the village, they fired a gun to mourn, and the host family also fired a gun to echo. At one time, the sound of guns was deafening, and the valley echoed, adding a grand water spray hole.

At the entrance of the funeral home, the young man danced and sang, "Please excuse me and let the son-in-law mourn." The host's family is also dressed up in the same way, singing and dancing: "Please get out of the way, please get out of the way and let the son-in-law go to mourn." Welcome guests into the house, let others stand aside and let the son-in-law mourn. After the funeral, they retreated to the courtyard dam and ran to the racetrack. The horses showed their magical powers and galloped away. Among the mourners were folk artists who played suona, Qin Yue and flute. People sat around them, piled up in the east and piled up in the west, with glasses in their hands. When some people are in high spirits, they can't help but take off their blankets or give money to the overwhelming number of folk artists. The giver is famous for this.

Therefore, the family members of the deceased old people or warriors who live in the same family and have close ties can hold the "Russian pole to provoke the capital" (climbing the tree pole). Soldiers designated a place, planted a poplar tree more than ten meters long, peeled the tree, covered it with lard and made it into a "pole". A felt or official silver is tied to the top of the wooden pole, and the participants are not divided into host and guest. Whoever can climb up and take down the items will have it. But because the wooden pole is too slippery, it is not easy to get what you want. Therefore, those who are not smart and can't hold the article are also proud of it.

There is also a kind called "earth kneading". When people were at the courtyard dam, someone greeted them: "Earth is the pinch" (crossing the Silver Bridge)! After crossing the silver bridge, there is an altar of wine on the ground, and there is a board beside the altar, which is framed in the shape of a bridge. The bridge is covered with a rectangular red cloth decorated with silver dollars. There is a sword on the red cloth. The man who crossed the silver bridge lifted a corner of the felt with his hand, brushed it gently on the red cloth and said loudly, "I crossed the silver bridge." Then put down the gift or money. The man holding the silver bridge must be a close relative of the deceased old man. People crossing the Silver Bridge are not restricted. However, the gift must be very expensive, and not everyone can afford it. Therefore, whoever crosses the silver bridge is well known.

"Be ancient" (everyone sits in a circle), regardless of the host and guest, they should sit in a big circle according to the master's will. So, in the home of the deceased old man, all the daughters-in-law who went through the door put on colorful clothes and lined up. In front of the line, a man held a white flag, followed by his daughters-in-law and walked around the circle. Smoking guests while walking. Called "daughter-in-law" This is respect and comfort for the guests, and it also adds atmosphere to the funeral. Many girls present here, because they are not the daughter-in-law, are not qualified to participate, but look complaining. In principle, each of them should provide their own money for smoking and after smoking. At another dam, the person in charge of meat will give them a discount and everyone will have a share of food. Then go and distribute food to the people in the circle. After getting the food, most people went home separately.

Most of the people who stayed were son-in-law and distant relatives and friends. Before dinner, the host and guests are sitting in a circle at the designated courtyard dam, ready to drink in-laws wine. The order is to drink the first son-in-law's house, then the second son-in-law's house, and so on. Every son-in-law hired a knowledgeable and eloquent person. When the wine was poured into the big basin, the talented employee appeared. He stood in the circle with a glass and invited everyone to drink. At the same time, he praised the achievements of the old man in refined, rich and vivid language. In fact, not all dead people have so many virtues. At the end of his speech, he ended in a regretful language. There will be death in life, but due to the difference between the rich and the poor, not all memorial ceremonies have fixed patterns and standards after the death of the elderly. From the following ancient lyrics, we can know a thing or two:

A long time ago, some important people died.

"Zhigalu" is dead.

Fell into the Pacific Ocean and drowned,

Water flooded the chest to death,

Neither friends nor relatives know.

Medium-sized characters die,

Emperor "Ren Dan" died (2)

In order to avoid infectious diseases,

Died on a snowy mountain,

Ants and bugs eat up blood and meat,

Relatives can't see the body.

Inferior people are dead,

The only son "Hexi" died,

Died in the east "Haitulu" (place name),

Break into pieces,

Meat and tendons are not connected,

Relatives can't see the body.

As you can see, everyone is different? Unfortunately, even important people may not be able to hold ceremonies. It is not surprising that life is out of control and the future and destiny are unpredictable. It also shows that the scale of funeral ceremonies after death has never been fixed in history. As the legend says:

After the death of Emperor Gaozu,

The commemorative ceremony was particularly grand.

Sacrifice,

Needless to say, cattle and sheep,

I was buried with thousands of people and heard that I broke out in a cold sweat.

The mother of "Jules" (Gege) in Yi District died,

The funeral carried a boat,

Mourning trip,

Four years, April and four days.

Sacrifice,

4,444 cows.

Friends and relatives from the East,

Ride the Aries to mourn.

Friends and relatives from the west,

Riding a sow to mourn.

First-rate people will die,

A toast died,

Funerals are not luxurious,

Only 1000 cattle were killed.

Three of the buffaloes have patterns on their feet.

Medium-sized Alsace is dead,

Killed a thousand cows.

Killed a fish,

Weighing 36,000 Jin,

Fish bones and skin,

Three families used it to build houses.

Inferior people are dead,

Buzza Shizha is dead.

Only killed an old sow,

People who can't eat pork,

Dry the saliva.

After drinking the wine from my son-in-law's house, I began to eat dinner. At night, in front of the mausoleum and in the courtyard dam, lights are lit and several fires are burning. During the warm-up, Xiao Dan performed the traditional "East Brother" (funeral song). The funeral guests are rich, including history, astronomy, geography and philosophy. It also introduces local specialties, customs and historical figures. They are all expressed in poetic language, sad tunes and beautiful voices. All young men can participate, but they should start from the home of "Sunuo" (the owner) and then start from the son-in-law in turn. Participants put their arms out, put them on each other's shoulders, and then lined up. The lead singer took a bronze bell and sang while shaking it. The rest of the people also sang along, singing a bit like a funeral tune, but with rich rhymes. Every sentence begins with "one Russia-one Russia", and people dance to the beat. The lyrics are different from ordinary funeral songs. Give a short paragraph:

Cooperate well, cooperate well,

The movements should be coordinated.

Wild geese flying in the blue sky,

The leading geese fly east,

These geese followed closely.

The sheep ran to the hill,

A sheep is in the lead,

A group of people are enthusiastic.

Fools don't listen to good words,

Smart people don't refuse advice.

Finally, the lead singer sang "Momma" (that is, "Guide to Scripture"), which means to guide the soul of the old man back to the birthplace of his ancestors. At this time, the words should be clear, the voice should be loud, the rhyme should be melodious, and there can be no mistakes. After watching "The Guide", everyone sang a mourning song together, and the crying was touching and made people burst into tears. A brief description is as follows:

Never thought old people would die,

I didn't have a good meal before I left.

I didn't finish my last words,

Who will be in charge of justice in this area in the future?

Your children,

You don't know who to ask?

Who will teach what you can't do?

Seeing other people's parents in the future,

I think of my parents.

What does the old man want to eat,

I'll never taste it again.

Become an eagle and fly,

Fly away and never look back.

Become a tiger, leave the forest,

Guard this mountain forever.

Into clouds, covering mountains and rivers,

Turn into drizzle and fill the valley.

On the auspicious day of cremation, before waking up, a woman in gorgeous clothes lit two torches in front of the body, followed by a man. They all burst into tears and walked for a while, coaxing the souls of the living to stay. The crematorium is shared by the whole village. But every family has its own boundaries.

Wood is used for cremation. Wet wood is under, dry wood is on, and the body is placed on the woodpile in the east-west direction. People formed a circle, threw pine branches at the remains, and finally cried goodbye. The body was lying on its stomach with its head facing east. Go east because people think their ancestors are in the west. Prone position is to prevent muscle contraction during cremation and make the body sit up straight. After lighting the firewood, leave one or two people behind. People in charge of cremation, although their work is not a profession, have high demands on them. First, I have never eaten dog meat or horse meat. Second, there is no body odor. Third, don't lose face. Fourth, no one was killed.

People leave the crematorium, come to the village, sit down in the designated open space, and wait for the meat and food they deserve when they disperse. After the distribution, everyone can go home. For the guests who can't go home because of the long journey that day, with the consent of the relatives of the deceased elderly, one or several families will jointly kill a cow to entertain the guests who stay. It's called "Willer", which is the cow killed at home.

The morning after cremation, the old man's son and several neighbors went to the crematorium. If someone leaves footprints on charcoal ash, it is ominous, which means that people will die. If there are livestock footprints, it means that the elderly will take away a lot of livestock. Then pick up a pile of scattered bones and cover them with soil. Cut some more thorns and press them on. The funeral is over.