Legendary new village, extraordinary ancient village

202 1 One morning in late autumn, my friend Mr. Jiao Zisheng (a pioneer of Chinese painting, a famous painter, calligrapher and sculptor) and I drove out of the city and went south along the national highway (Tongliao) to Wuhan. This highway was originally named Anxin Line (anguo city to Xinhe County), and the traffic on both sides is endless. After driving for about ten kilometers, we came to Xincun, a warm, quiet and harmonious village, and the village party secretary Guan Shuqiang greeted us. Xincun, to be honest, the name is just a small village, which is very inconspicuous and nothing strange. But if you understand the profound historical background of the new village, you will definitely look at it with new eyes and admire it. Let's listen to the legends of extraordinary ancient villages and new villages.

Secretary Guan Shuqiang told us that the new village has a long history, 1300 people. The surname Shang is the most, and those surnamed Guan, Wu and Liu all belong to Mazhuang Township, xinji city. In 2020, it was awarded the title of "Provincial forest village". Residents have lived here since the Han and Tang Dynasties and have lived here ever since. Because there are nine sweet wells in the village, it was called Jiuyanjing Village in ancient times, and it was changed to Xincun in Qing Dynasty, and later called Xincun. Since ancient times, small villages have simple folk customs, rich cultures, farming and studying, and harmonious families. By the Ming Dynasty, the new village had become a household name, known as "Little Beijing", because many people in the village were officials and businessmen in Beijing.

According to legend, when Judy moved north to Nanjing in the Ming Dynasty, she first took a fancy to Jiuyanjing Village, where the scenery was beautiful and pleasant. The nine-eye well in the village is a gossip place and a very rare treasure trove of geomantic omen. But it's very hot here in summer, so I went north to Tianjinwei. Tianjin Weidong faces the sea and there are mountains in the north. It is also a treasure trove of feng shui, but Tianjin Wei is too close to the sea to prevent, so Beijing, which is better in all aspects, was chosen as the capital. This is the legend of "One Scene, Two Guards and Three Xin Villages (Jiuyanjing Village)" that has been circulated in Xin Village so far.

There are many historical sites in this village. There are nine ancient wells in the center of the village, one in the middle and eight around, which are arranged according to eight parts of gossip, such as Kan, Zhen, Gen, Xun, Li, Kun, Dui and Gan, vaguely revealing a solemn and mysterious. The water quality is clear and sweet, and it has been used until the 1970s, raising several generations of Xincun people, and the remains still exist.

The most magnificent, spectacular and important buildings in the village are the Shang Ancestral Hall and Theater built in the Ming Dynasty. Ancestral temple is also called home temple. It is an important place to worship ancestors, inherit family ties, continue family style and get together for discussion. The stage (stage) is an indispensable part of the ancestral hall, and there is a saying that there is no stage without a stage. There are three main halls and a number of east and west rooms in the family temple. The top of the hall is the imperial edict that Emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty ordered the construction of the memorial archway of "Cohabitation VIII". This is Zeng Guofan, the Prime Minister of Zeng Xiangxiang (1 8 1 year1year1month 26- 1 year March 12). Official to the governor of Liangjiang, the governor of Zhili, the university student of Wuyingdian, the first-class Yi, posthumous title "Zheng Wen", later called "Ceng Wenzheng". China was a statesman, strategist, philosopher, writer, calligrapher, founder and commander-in-chief of Xiang Army in the late Qing Dynasty. The calligraphy "Renyixing" is followed by a portrait of the Shang ancestors, and the Shang ancestors' tablets are on both sides of Fang Gezi. The temple and the theater are integrated buildings. Every year from the third day of the first month to the seventh day of the first month, people sing in the theater, and all the ten towns and eight miles come to see the play. Every day, like a temple fair, people come and go, and it is very lively. In the south of the theater, there are a pair of stone tablets separated from each other, which record the introduction of Shang ancestors and villages. Now I only see a stone tablet seat. It is said that the stone tablet is buried not far from its original position. The original site of the home temple is now the new village Committee.

Outside the old north gate of Xincun, there is also a Jade Qing Temple, which was built in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. It has three main halls and east and west main halls. The main hall is dedicated to Sanqing-Jade Qing Yuan Shi Tian Zun, Qing Qing Lingbao Tian Zun and Tai Qing Moral Tian Zun; The left and right sides are equipped with the worship of Emperor Zhongtian, Wei Zi, North Pole, following the example of the late local emperor, Emperor Gou Chen, and the immortal emperor of Antarctica. Later, it was converted into a school, and now it is Xincun Primary School.

In the south of Shangshang Temple and the north of Jiuyanjing, there stands a tall, majestic and beautifully carved stone archway. This stone archway was built in memory of Shang VIII. In the seventh year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, the emperor ordered the construction of a stone archway in front of Shangjia Temple. Construction began in the eighth year of Guangxu, and it took three years to complete in March of the eleventh year of Guangxu (1885), with a history of more than 30 years. Memorial archway is a building built in feudal society to commend meritorious service, science, virtue, loyalty and filial piety. It is also an affiliated building of the ancestral hall, which shows the noble character and great achievements of family ancestors and has the function of ancestor worship. 1966 Xingtai earthquake damaged the upper part of the archway, and now most of it is basically well preserved. Now it is the only stone archway preserved in xinji city in the Qing Dynasty.

The stone archway faces south, with four columns and three doors. The archway is a three-story cornice stone building, with tenons and mortises between beams and columns, a roof ridge at the top and a faucet kiss. The archway is carved with dragon patterns, animal patterns and embossed flowers. It is about 6 meters high and 4 meters wide. There are four pairs of stone lions before and after the four pillars. The middle two pairs are tall and mighty, and the two pairs on both sides are smaller. In the middle of the archway, there is a small plaque on the top, in which the word "imperial edict" is engraved vertically. There is a horizontal plaque in the middle of the south, engraved with the words "eight generations under one roof". There is a long line of vertical characters below: "Huang Qingyi awarded the position of assistant minister as a candidate, taught Confucianism, paid tribute to Qinzhou, and lived with more than 100 people for the eighth time." Please build a workshop to show righteousness and conduct, illuminate predecessors and blow future generations. Guangxu was seven years old, and the Ministry of Rites wrote an inscription to discuss this matter. In the spring of eight years, the order of Yiyi Lin Qin in Luxian County, Zhizhou, was built in the construction site, and in March of eleven years, Hitachi ". The couplets on the pillars on both sides in the middle are Shi Feng (18411915) written by the Hanlin Academy in Lu Runxiang, Lu Runxiang, with the names clouds of sand, Gushou, Yuanhe (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) written on them. Tongzhi champion, minister of industry, minister of official affairs, official to Taibao, university of Dongge, university of Tijen Hall. Tsinghua's calligraphy is vigorous, which means close to Europe and America. But the pavilion is a little heavier. The ceremony of "Ren Rui Cui and the Eighth Clan lived together to support the swallow wing, and Tianzan invited different generations to show the dragon seal". "Zhang Shan" is carved above the East Gate, "Yang Ren" is carved above the West Gate, and the couplets on the columns on both sides of the outer side are inscribed by producer He Erchang. As a gift, "The Gate of Jingqi will add color and show the wind in the house."

A small plaque on the top of the stone archway in the middle of the north is engraved with the word "imperial edict" vertically. There are four people in Beizhong, namely "Ayongmu", and then "the imperial edict of the Qing emperor, Wu Dezuo's candidate for riding a captain, and the merchant of Wuyang and his cousin, Shang Qinzhou, live in harmony for the seventh time. This is the code of filial piety. On the sixth day of the first month of Guangxu four years, Wuyin Mid-Autumn Festival, we know that Ma Chen Rui in Shulu County is in Mengdong and in Mongolia. The couplets on the pillars on both sides in the middle were presented by Wu, editor of the Hanlin Academy. "Northern Hebei is a typical example of harmony and beauty, while southern Jilin is a tolerant Yang Fang. "National Grace" is engraved on the west gate, "Family Celebration" is engraved on the east gate, and the couplets on the columns on both sides of the outer side are written by Jia County Lingjin, "National history is ungrateful, family celebration is more than enough".

Why are there letters, archways and wooden signs in Xincun? What kind of legends are there?

In the early Qing dynasty, college students were still in the sun and had no children. Brother Shang Chaochun has two sons, and the eldest son is still talking about his second son, Shang You. So Chaoyang adopted Shang You, the second son of Chaochun, as his adopted son, and the two brothers separated. Chaochun is a scholar. Since Chaochun disappeared, his family has declined and his life has been difficult. Chaoyang specializes in breeding, and the days are getting richer and richer. So Shang You told his father Chaoyang that he wanted to form a family with his brother. Chaoyang said, "I had this idea long ago, but I didn't expect you to get it first." I promised. Or resolutely cede is not a family, resigned. In the end, the two companies merged again. From then on, friends and theories love each other, and it is no different to say anything. By the end of Xianfeng, there had been eight generations of merchants, and the person in charge was Shang Qinzhou (word cheap, filial, good at housekeeping, superior in intelligence, generous to others, gentle and firm, knowing the details in the Ming Dynasty), who died in 76. Song Chenshou, the commander of the county magistrate in the Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty, wrote a book called Living with Shang VIII to record his deeds. ) First, the family was declining, and Qin Zhou resumed his previous career. There are hundreds of people inside and outside, and there is nothing to say. The spring breeze is very pleasant. In the first year of Tongzhi (1862), bandits, bandits and bandits invaded Shulu County one after another, during which rivers of blood and yellow sand rolled. Up to the south of the city, there are many clues. So he moved his family to the county seat, and sent servants and horses to rescue the young and old nearby into the city. The diet is hard, salty and compassionate. In April, the thief retired, and Tongzhi was in the second year (1863). In May, the directors Shang Qin and Zhou Juli suggested: "It is not a good policy for thieves to take refuge outside, so they want to build a village to protect it. All expenses are allowed, and you have helped yourself. " Everyone said, "Good." Although the construction cost of Zhai Village is very high, because the rich make money and the poor contribute, the earth base is turned into a base and the ditch is dug into a city. The work was finished in a month. Some parts of the village wall are made of blue bricks, some are made of mud, and some are a combination of the two methods. The circumference of the walled village is 600 feet (in Qing Dynasty 1 foot is equal to 3.2 meters), the height of the walled village is1foot, the bottom is 20 feet wide, the top is 10 foot wide, the retaining wall is 5 feet high and 2 feet 5 inches thick, and the trench protecting the walled village is 20 feet deep and 20 feet wide. North and South Zhaimen. In the spring of the seventh year of Tongzhi (1868), hooligans rushed from the southwest of the county seat, and dozens of nearby villages took refuge in the village. Qin Zhou tried his best to defend himself, living in it without a fixed address, and having no money to give them millet, it was immoral for those who couldn't make a fire to eat porridge. In the seventh year of Tongzhi, a heavy ditch was dug outside the wall of Xiazhai, which was two feet wide and deep. By building a walled village, the defense was strengthened, and the safety of one side was guaranteed.

Ceng Wenzheng, the governor of Zhili, went to Xiang County and listened to the righteous act of Shang Qinzhou and his life in the Eight Dynasties. More than 100 people at home and abroad lived in peace, invited Shang Qinzhou to live in Baoding Lixian Pavilion, asked about current events, and wrote "Benevolence" in calligraphy. He wanted to leave Zhili to be an adviser to the governor, and Zhou Qin refused to return to China on the grounds of complicated family affairs. Later, Li Hongzhang, the governor of Zhili, performed the righteous act of Emperor Guangxu in respecting Qinzhou. The emperor was very happy after hearing this, praised Shang Qinzhou and allowed him to build a memorial archway as a gesture of righteousness.

After listening to the legend of the new village told by Secretary Guan Shuqiang, we strolled in the ancient village and heard about it. The native chickens sometimes flutter their wings and chase, and sometimes they feed alone. The dog in the village wagged its tail and looked at us kindly; Wild ducks craned their necks and barked, as if they were fighting for who was louder, or flapping their wings occasionally, as if welcoming us. What a delightful country painting! The trip to the new village of the ancient village has gained a lot. Harmony, morality, truth, and greatness are seen in the ordinary. I hope that the fine traditional virtues of our Chinese nation will continue to be carried forward.

Source: Records of Shulu County.

202 1 10 Yu Yuntao Zhai

Attachment: Living with Shang VIII

The cohabitation of Shang VIII

Song Chenshou (Shulu County in Tongzhi Year of Qing Dynasty)

After reading the county annals, I found that the two brothers, Shanglun and Shang You, in Xincun, let the birth (trickling water) happen, and I secretly admired them. When asked about his son's grandson, Jinyun said: "Since his family established itself, eight generations have lived under one roof, with hundreds of people from top to bottom. There is no talk about capital, and the door is warm. " Zeng Xiangxiang and Guo Xiang once praised it with "benevolence and ci", and the more they praised it, the more they admired it. Who thinks that harmony is auspicious, harmony is common, and closeness is hard to come by? How can he do this alone? My husband's family can't get along for a long time, and they don't agree with each other. Harmony is harmony, contradiction is separation, and so is love. And the cause of disharmony, so as not to let the ears. Let's make peace and oppose it, and so will Yau Ching. However, in the meantime, the competent family has a break in public and private affairs, and the Lord is just and compromised, and the public can be combined; The owner's eccentricity is against the rule, and everyone will leave. However, can Shang Shi be impartial and unselfish? Otherwise, what can he do alone?

Another day, Kun Zhong, a businessman and a businessman, went to the mansion to do business, preferring his housekeeper and asking him why. That is, he should say, "There is no other way, but the old chapter is unified. My family inherited hundreds of acres of land from the past, and selected those who were smart and long as cashiers from the crowd to make up for them with their surplus. One-year-old food is abundant and endless, so several acres of sacrificial places are set up, and each ancestral hall is worshipped, sweeping the ancestral graves, not killing, and the ceremony is one; Marry a few acres of land, men marry in time, women marry in time, no matter how much, a wedding; A few acres of funeral land were set up, and clothes and coffins were used there. The cost of Qiu Long's grave was not a problem, and there was no thickness, so there was a funeral. There is also a field of righteousness, which is divided into two classes. Those over the age of seven are trained by teachers, and those over the age of fifteen are trained by teachers. After three years, they will read according to their own materials. Otherwise, they will be transferred and not allowed to swim. There is also a widow's area, which is divided into two categories. Double less than 20 and halve less than 30. After three years, they will abide by their voluntary rules. Otherwise, they will listen to others, and they will not be forced. In a family, scholars, farmers and businessmen keep their jobs, and everything they can get in is in the public, so they dare not hide. During the day, women, old and young, are diligent in spinning, and those who have the ability will also be returned to the government, and there will be no hoarding or hoarding. Concubines are not allowed, and those who have not had children for more than 50 years will succeed, fearing that they will cause trouble among pets; Don't buy a title. It is more expensive to study and be an official, lest it become more and more prosperous. This is the first generation to become a rule, roughly. When it comes to family chores, there are also people who are not easy. If you eat vegetables, you will see one or two pieces of meat. Serve food to the elders after eating, and then lift chopsticks in different categories. The clothes are coarse, celebrating a silk. After the ceremony of the elders, they went to court in turn. Guests have certain old and new relationships. Qi people have a certain degree of sympathy for their relatives and friends. Sometimes there are extravagant people, and many people are jealous of them, so they are afraid; Sometimes there are people who are lazy and self-defeating, and many people laugh at them, so they suddenly feel guilty. The boudoir door must be restrained, and there must be no noise and laughter; The supervision of children must be strict, and sightseeing habits are not allowed. This is all left by previous generations and has been followed for more than 100 years. Years have passed, and the group is safe, so it is said. "

When I heard this, I suddenly asked, "What does this saint call a rich and polite person?" ? Politeness means rank, and rank means strict housekeeping; Politeness leads to kindness, kindness leads to family harmony. What is the so-called "no discord"? Follow the Tao, though it will last forever. The son's defense is not to fall into the wind, and the cohabitation of Zhang Gongyi IX must not be exclusive. "