Kneel for personal details of Liu Bowen in Ming Dynasty.

Liu Ji (1311July1375 April 16), Han nationality, is a native of Nantian Township, qingtian county. In nine years, Wu Zongzhengde posthumously awarded a surname, Wencheng, and later generations also called him Liu Wencheng and Wenchenggong. Military strategists, politicians and poets at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty were familiar with classics and history, were familiar with astronomy and made good use of the method of selecting soldiers. He assisted Zhu Yuanzhang to complete the imperial industry, founded the Ming Dynasty, and tried his best to maintain the stability of the country, so he became famous all over the world and was compared to Zhuge Wuhou by later generations. Zhu Yuanzhang repeatedly called Liu Ji: "My ovary is also." In the history of literature, Liu Ji, Song Lian and Gao Qi are called "the great poets in the third day of Ming Dynasty".

According to relevant documents, Liu Ji's ancestor was a rich man (now Jiangsu) and later moved to Yan Yan (now Shaanxi). After the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, Liu Ji's seventh ancestor, Rong Guogong of the Southern Song Dynasty and King Liu Guangshi "crossed south" to Lin 'an (now Hangzhou). According to Professor Zhou Qun's research, after Liu Guangshi arrived in Jiangnan, he was also "as often as Liu Jicai"

Moved many times ","but not in Zhejiang today. "Son, moved to Lishui States, son of Liu, the fifth ancestor of Liu Ji, who lived in qingtian county Nantian Wuyang at that time. Up to now, the branch of Liu Ji has flourished in Nantian, and now there is a tomb of Liu Ji in Chu Shi of Song Dynasty in Wuyang of Nantian. Liu Ji's great-grandfather Liu Hao, grandfather Liu Tinghuai, father Liu Shen and Liu Ji all grew up in Wuyang, Nantian. Yuan Wuzong to senior Liu Ji was born in Nantian Town, wencheng county, Wenzhou City, Jiangsu Province (formerly Wuyang Village, Jiudu, qingtian county). In memory of Liu Ji, later generations classified this village, together with some nearby villages, as wencheng county (because Liu Ji and posthumous title were both Wenchenggong). Liu Ji's father, Liu Entropy, is honest and talented. At the age of 10, he and his grandfather Liu Hao conspired to save the lives of many people in the same city. It turned out that after the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty, the rebels in Qingtian County were also surrounded by the Yuan Army, keeping a low profile. In order to pull weeds and consolidate political power, the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty sent Gou Tieer, the deputy envoy of eastern Zhejiang, to qingtian county to investigate the situation of anti-Yuan rebels. With the help of traitor Li Xiong, they created a blacklist and prepared to report it to the court to suppress it. This blacklist concerns the lives of thousands of people. When Gou Tier passed Wuyang Village, he was warmly received by the famous squire Liu Hao and stayed at home for the night. Liu Hao got Gou Tieer drunk, stole the black list and burned it, and then set fire to his ancestral home himself. They pretended to be flustered and rescued Gou Tieer from the fire. Gou Tieer knew that drinking was a mistake, but fortunately, he survived and was grateful to the Liu family. Qingtian county people admire Liu's righteous act of saving their compatriots with property and wisdom. Liu Entropy later became a famous Confucian at that time and served as the county magistrate of Suichang County (now Zhejiang). Liu Ji was born in his forties and regarded as the apple of his eye. He devoted all his energy to the cultivation of his beloved son, which gave Liu Ji a good education.

Studying in early years

Liu Ji is studious, studious, smart, inspired by his father, and very studious. Reading speed is extremely fast, and it is said that "reading one eye and ten lines". 12 years old, a scholar, and rural elders call him a "prodigy". In the first year of Taiding (1324), 14-year-old Liu Ji entered the county (that is, the official school) to study. He studied the Spring and Autumn Classics with his teacher. This is an obscure and profound Confucian classic, which is difficult to read, especially for beginners, who just finished reading the book and don't understand its meaning. Liu Ji, on the other hand, can not only meditate twice, but also express himself implicitly according to the meaning of the text and say something that no one has said before. The teacher was surprised to see this, thinking that he had read it before, so he tried several other paragraphs, and Liu Ji could understand them and know the main points. The teacher admired him very much and secretly praised him as "a genius, and he must not be an ordinary person in the future!" "Liu Ji didn't spend much time learning a classic of Spring and Autumn Annals. Taiding four years (1327), Liu Ji was seventeen years old. He left to study Neo-Confucianism in Zhou (Dunyi) Cheng (Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi) and receive Confucian classics education under the guidance of Zheng Fuchu, a famous scholar in Chuzhou. In an interview, Zheng Fuchu praised Liu Ji's father and said: "Your ancestors accumulated profound virtues and sheltered future generations; "This child is so excellent that he will shine at your door in the future." Liu Ji reads widely, and all schools of thought contend, especially astronomy, geography, art of war and mathematics. He has a special hobby, devoted to research and thinking, and is very proficient. Once, he saw the gobbledygook in the bookstore, and he couldn't put it down and read it at one go. I can recite it from beginning to end the next day. The shopkeeper was very surprised when he learned that. When Liu Bowen was in Yuan Ting in his early years, he wanted to give him this gobbledygook.

Liu Ji said: "This book has been in my chest and is useless to me." Liu Ji's eagerness to learn and outstanding intelligence not only enabled him to learn and master a wealth of knowledge, but also made him famous in his hometown when he was young. Everyone says that he has the talent of (Tang) and (Three Kingdoms Shu). In the first year of Tong Yuan (1333), 23-year-old Liu Ji went to Yuandu (present-day Beijing) to take the exam, and he was a scholar in one fell swoop. Since then, he has entered a bumpy career.

A bumpy career

In 1950s, China was a period of gradual collapse of the Yuan regime. Since the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty for half a century, Liu Ji has been carving books and inscriptions in an extremely barbaric way.

[1] After that, China was ruled by cruel slaughter and exploitation, and the people could no longer live, so peasant uprisings and riots appeared all over the country, and the Yuan Dynasty was in jeopardy. On the one hand, it is greed and drunkenness; On the one hand, it is in dire straits and is on the rise. Under such circumstances, Liu Ji stepped into his official career, forcing him to cooperate and collude with the ruling class of the Yuan Dynasty, and finally mutually assured destruction; Or do the opposite, stand on the side of the people and bury the greedy and cruel dynasty. As an intellectual who advocates integrity and has a sense of justice, Liu Ji chose the latter, although it is full of thorns. Liu Ji lived at home for three years after retiring from the senior high school entrance examination. In the second year of Zhiyuan (1336), he was named as Jiangxi Gaoan County Cheng by the Yuan government. As the son of heaven's favorite pupil, he is still infinitely grateful to Yuan Di for giving him this opportunity to display his talents, so as to realize his great ambition since childhood. So as soon as he became an official, he made up his mind to do a great cause with all his talents and loyalty. Xiancheng is a small official who assists the county magistrate. Liu Ji was not perfunctory because of his humble position. He did his duty and enforced the law strictly, and soon made achievements. He went deep into the countryside and observed the people's feelings. He found that some landlords and gentry in Gao 'an county colluded with corrupt officials, and they were lawless. cheat people took away his wife and daughter and killed them. Liu Ji listened to the cries of the people, filled with indignation and determined to kill them. After a thorough investigation, we grasped the real evidence, resolutely punished several notorious tyrants and rectified the officials of the county official's son who took bribes and perverted the law. The social atmosphere in Gao 'an County improved quickly. Liu Ji's integrity won the praise of the people. 1336 (the second year of Zhiyuan), Liu Ji was appointed as the county magistrate of Gaoan County, Ruizhou Prefecture, Jiangxi Province. During his five years as an official, the principle of dealing with local affairs is "be strict with others", be sympathetic to people's feelings, but not forgive illegal acts; For traitors, it is not to avoid power. Therefore, he was loved by the local people, but because of his integrity, local tycoons hated him and always wanted to find trouble to frame him. Fortunately, the officers and men trusted him, so they were saved from disaster. After resigning, Liu Ji returned to Qingtian in 1343 (the third year of Zheng Zheng), and the court recruited him as the deputy of Confucianism in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, and concurrently served as the provincial examiner. Later, due to the accusation and supervision of the censor post, he could not get the support of the minister of the DPRK and gave him a lot of accusations. He had to write and resign for about a year.

live/dwell in seclusion

1346 (six years), Liu Ji accepted the invitation of his good friend Ouyang Su, went to Dantu with Ouyang Su, lived in Jiaoxi Bookstore near Ouyang Su's home, and lived a semi-secluded life. Make a living by teaching children in the village to read, and occasionally come back with friends such as Moon and Tao Kai. 1348 (eight years in Zheng Zheng), Liu Ji ended his semi-seclusion life in Dantu for about two years and rejoined the crowd. He came to Hangzhou to live, and his wife gave birth to a son, Liu Lian. During his four years in Hangzhou, he kept close contact with foreign scholars such as Zhuchuan and Yue Hunan, and had close contacts with the poems of scholars such as Liu, Zhou, Xiong and Yue Hunan. 1352 (12th year of Zheng Zheng) In July, Xu Shouhui captured Hangzhou. Before the fall of Hangzhou, Liu Ji returned to his hometown with his family. Shortly after returning to my hometown, a document came from the court. The court appointed him as the Marshal's Mansion in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and his main task was to help local governments wipe out thieves in eastern Zhejiang, especially in Fang Guozhen.

Help the Ming Dynasty to establish a country.

1360 (the twentieth year of Zheng Zheng), Zhu Yuanzhang invited him to Yingtian (now Nanjing) as a counselor, which showed the talent of a very successful strategist. In view of the situation at that time, Liu Ji proposed to Zhu Yuanzhang the strategy of avoiding two-front operations and dividing by one, which was adopted. Zhu Yuanzhang concentrated his forces to destroy Chen Youliang, Zhang Shicheng and other forces successively. Liu Bowen also suggested that Zhu should break away from the independent forces of "Da Ming", and on the other hand, he should take the name of "Da Ming" to attract the hearts and minds of righteous teachers all over the world. 1367 (twenty-seven years of Zheng Zheng), participated in the formulation and realization of Zhu Yuanzhang's plan to destroy Yuan. * * * Participated in military aircraft for eight years, planning the overall situation. 1370 (the third year of Ming Hongwu), Liu Ji was awarded a bachelor's degree in Hong Wen Pavilion. Zhu Yuanzhang made great contributions in November and wanted Liu Ji to be the prime minister, but Liu Ji repeatedly shirked and had to give up. This is not that Liu Ji is polite, but that he understands that his integrity will be squeezed out by other officials. So, apply for returning to China. Zhu Yuanzhang entrusted him with the mission of guarding official documents, being a good doctor and protecting soldiers, and named him a sincere uncle. Liu Ji's contribution can be said to be the greatest in the Ming Dynasty, but his annual salary is only 240 stones. Zhu Yuanzhang gave Liu Ji a "sincere letter", which seems to be not a big official. But in fact, Zhu Yuanzhang always wanted Liu Ji to be prime minister, but Liu Ji repeatedly refused. In fact, Liu Ji was the founding father of the Ming Dynasty and made great contributions. And Liu Ji also saved Zhu Yuanzhang many times, each time thrilling. If it weren't for Liu Ji, Zhu Yuanzhang would have been killed many times before he proclaimed himself emperor. Liu Ji, of course, wants to be the prime minister of "one person below, ten thousand people above", because only in this way can he realize his ambition of letting the people live a good life. But he knew that he was too honest and would be excluded by the treacherous court official, so he could not realize his wish. So he retired to be with his family. Liu Bowen and Li Shanchang in his later years.

1375 (the eighth year of Hongwu), Liu Ji, like all officials in Beijing, attended the early morning of New Year's Day, and then wrote a poem "Early Morning at the Age of Mao Yi" in Fengtian Temple. Although this is a social entertainment text praising virtue, Liu Ji's mood can still be seen in the poem. It is said that in the middle of the first month, Liu Gang, a master of Song Lian, came to Liu Ji's residence, asked Liu Bowen to edit Song Lian's 100 volumes for reading, and asked Liu Ji to preface the new book. He agreed without hesitation. In the second half of the first month, Liu Ji caught a cold. When Zhu Yuanzhang knew about it, he sent Hu to see the doctor. The physician made a prescription, and he came back to decoct the medicine according to the prescription. He felt as if there were some uneven stones crowded together in his stomach, which was very painful. In mid-February, Liu Ji came to see Zhu Yuanzhang when he was ill, and told him tactfully that Hu had come to visit the doctor, and he felt even more uncomfortable after taking the medicine prescribed by the doctor. Hearing this, Zhu Yuanzhang simply said some words of comfort to let him relax and recuperate, which made Liu Ji quite chilling. In late March, Liu Bowen, accompanied by Mclynn Killman Liu and Zhu Yuanzhang's task force, left Beijing for home. After returning home, he refused all the medicine stones found by his relatives and the village, just trying to maintain a normal diet. A few days later, Liu Ji knew that the future was numbered, so he found two sons to explain the aftermath. After he finished the account, he asked Mclynn Killman Liu to bring a gobbledygook from his study and said to him, "After my death, you should present this book to the emperor immediately without delay;" From now on, don't let our descendants of the Liu family learn this knowledge. " He also said to his second son, Liu Jing, "The essence of politics lies in the combination of leniency and severity. What the imperial court must do now is to cultivate morality as much as possible, and the law should be as concise as possible. Those who are in office on weekdays, if they can lead by example and influence the masses with morality, the effect will win over the punishment and have a far-reaching impact. Once a subordinate or person makes a mistake, he can put himself in others' shoes with a kind mind, and the sentence will certainly be fair to others and alert people to turn over a new leaf. If the law can be as simple as possible and easy for people to understand and abide by, it can avoid people being at a loss, and also establish the credibility of the government and a good image of benevolent people. In this way, God will help me live forever. " He went on to say: "I originally wanted to write a detailed suicide note to tell the emperor my last thoughts and lessons, but Hu is still here, and it is useless to write it." However, when Hu was defeated, the emperor would definitely think of me and ask you my last words. Then you can secretly play my words to the emperor! " Finally, he died in his hometown on April 16 at the age of 65. In June, he was buried in the summer countryside. 15 13 (in the eighth year of Zheng De, Emperor Wuzong of Ming Dynasty), the court named him a surname, posthumous title Wencheng. 153 1 year (the tenth year of Jiajing of Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty), due to the suggestion of Li Yu, a doctor of punishments, the court discussed Liu Ji's achievements again and decided to let Liu Bowen enjoy the ancestral hall like Xu Da and other founding heroes.

Liu Ji's historical achievement is that he can conform to the historical trend and actively help Zhu Yuanzhang bravely shoulder the great cause of reunifying China. He did the following six major things: (1) He helped Zhu Yuanzhang, the king of a country, abandon Wang Xiaoming and become independent. Zhu Yuanzhang was a ministry, and after Zixing's death, Liu Ji's portrait was in Wang Xiaoming.

[2] Guo Tianxu was appointed viceroy, vice viceroy, and Zhu Yuanzhang was appointed vice viceroy. Zhu Yuanzhang borrowed the title of Dragon and Phoenix, nominally controlled by Wang Xiaoming. After Zhu Yuanzhang conquered Nanjing, he went to Zhejiang according to the left area of Huaihe River, was regarded as Wu Gong by his subordinates, set up a book province in Jiangnan, and still served Han Liner. At the beginning of the year, Zhongshu made a salute to the throne, but only the base did not worship. He said, "What did you give me?" Because I met Mao, Chen's fate was there. The so-called destiny is to make Zhu Yuanzhang ambitious, accomplish a lot and shoulder the mission of establishing a new dynasty. (2) To assist Zhu Yuanzhang in making a "conquest plan". Zhu Yuanzhang started in Huaiyou, and after crossing the river, his power developed rapidly, but he was still confined to Zhejiang, with Zhang Shicheng in the east and Chen Youliang in the west, all rivals. If he is not careful, he will be in danger of destruction. At that time, many people thought that Zhang Shicheng should be captured first according to the rich and Rao area of Suhu. However, Liu Ji believes that "scholars are self-sufficient and careless; Friends dare to rob the main association, the name is not correct, they are based on the upper class, and they forget themselves every day. It is advisable to find out first. Chen's downfall and Zhang's potential loneliness can be decided at one stroke. Then go north to the Central Plains, and Wang Ye can become a great instrument. " Zhu Yuanzhang adopted this strategic decision and became emperor. (3) in major battles, or strategizing, or personally directing the battle at the front. Liu Gene is proficient in military strategy and astronomy and geography, so he is often "fearless in times of crisis, courageous, firm in strategy and unpredictable." For example, in A.D. 1360, Chen Youliang led 300,000 chosen men and 5,000 warships to capture Taiping, enter Caishiji and reach Jinling, which was very powerful. At that time, Zhu Yuanzhang had only 100,000 troops in Jin. Due to the disparity in strength between the two sides, the civil and military ministers in Zhu Yuanzhang's army were in chaos: some advocated surrender; Some advocate giving up the sky and accumulating strength to care; Some people advocate attacking and fighting to the end ... Liu Ji is alone, and Zhu Yuanzhang invited him to his bedroom for advice. Liu Ji said: "Those who advocate surrender and escape should be punished by beheading, because they don't look at the good situation and spread the feeling of failure. In fact, Chen Youliang thought his troops were very strong, and he won several battles. He is even more complacent and supercilious. We will use his arrogance to set an ambush, so as to lead the plan to the depth and break a drum. " After listening to Liu Ji's opinion, Zhu Yuanzhang decided to conquer. Liu Ji had the courage to work hard and made a plan: first, send someone to lie about surrender, let Kang Maocai lure Chen Youliang to attack the city at night, and agreed to call "Lao Kang" as a contact signal from Chen Youliang to Jiangdong Wooden Bridge. Chen Youliang doesn't know what the plan is. As a result, he ordered 300,000 soldiers to go to Jiangdong Bridge. There is no wooden bridge, only an iron bridge. People are called "Lao Kang", but no one agrees. Just as he was wondering, he was caught in a rainstorm. Ambush on all sides, Chen Youliang fled to the river. Who knows that Liu Ji will seize and plunder as many warships as possible, leaving only 300 broken ships by the river. Chen Youliang's defeated army was eager to cross the river when they heard the gunfire, and the wrecked ship sank more than half of the people. As a result, Chen Youliang's main force was completely annihilated, Chen's momentum was defeated, Taiping was recovered, and Anqing, Xinzhou and Yanzhou were captured. Chen Youliang had to lead the rest of the wounded and defeated troops to flee to Hanyang in panic. Three years later (1July 363), Chen Youliang rallied, claiming to be a million, and once again fought Zhu Yuanzhang in Poyang Lake. At this critical moment of victory or defeat, Liu Ji and Zhu Yuanzhang always participated in the military aircraft to help each other and strategize. Once, he suddenly found that the waterfowl flew in surprise. Liu Ji predicted that this was Chen Youliang's fleet focusing its fire on Zhu Yuanzhang's command ship. At this critical moment, he immediately pulled Zhu Yuanzhang up and transferred him to another ship. Before they were seated, the original ship had been smashed by Chen Youliang cannon. At that time, Chen was overjoyed to see Zhu Yuanzhang's command ship sunk. Unexpectedly, Zhu Yuanzhang was still directing the battle, and the soldiers became more and more brave, and finally defeated Chen Youliang and Kerwin Chen. This war is an example in the history of our country, and it is called the Battle of Poyang Lake. (4) Before the founding of Hongwu, it was ordered to build Nanjing in 1366. 1367, obtained the Taishi Order, which was applied to Shanghai Dali, and made laws together with Li Shanchang, yang xian, Fu Xian and Tao An. After Zhang Shicheng was pacified, Zhang Yun wrote a letter praising merits and urged Zhu Yuanzhang to eat, drink and be merry in time. Liu Ji immediately pointed out: "I want to show it to Zhao Gao." Remind Zhu Yuanzhang in time to be prepared for danger in times of peace. (5) After the founding of Hongwu, Liu Ji formulated the Law on Military Defense, and put forward the idea of "leniency for the people and severe punishment for greedy officials" in order to purge military discipline, rectify official management and severely punish greed and waste. For example, Bing Lin, who is in charge of Zhongshu Province, committed corruption. Although Prime Minister Li Shanchang interceded for his adopted son, Liu Ji resolutely opposed Bing Lin. Liu Ji also protested against the construction of the East Capital, reminding Zhu Yuanzhang not to underestimate his enemy. He said: "Fengyang is the hometown of the emperor, but it is not the capital. Wang Baobao cannot be light. " (6) Returning to his hometown at the age of 61year, he advised Zhu Yuanzhang that "after the frost and snow, there will be spring. Now that the national prestige has been established, it is advisable to be lenient and use less. " Zhongjing, the second son of his dying will, played Zhu Yuanzhang after Hu's defeat: "The husband is as lenient as reincarnation. Today's thing is in Xiu De Province, praying for eternal life, all forms are more important than the key place. It is appropriate to contact the capital. " Of the above six major events, the first three helped Zhu Yuanzhang conquer the world, and the last three helped Zhu Yuanzhang consolidate the world. It shows that Liu Ji is an outstanding strategist and politician. He is not only a founding hero, but also a good minister of governing the country.

Liu Ji has profound attainments in politics, military affairs, astronomy, geography and literature. His main works are The Fisherman and The Story of Floating divination.

Related images (13), love stories, Li Meigong Ji and Chunqiu Mingjing are all included in Cheng Yi's Bo Wen Ji and The Words of Orange Water, and some works are attached by later generations: Hundred Wars, Eighteen Tactics of Current Affairs, Dragon Artifact Array and 20 volumes of Cheng Yi's Bo Wen Ji edited by later generations. Among them, it is said that he often travels incognito and observes people's feelings. He also said that he was good at divination, often dressed as a Taoist, and wrote Pancake Song, suggesting to Zhu Yuanzhang the future of Daming, even hundreds of years after the death of Ming Dynasty. However, since Liu Bowen died as early as eight years in Hongwu, the truth of these stories and predictions is in doubt. Song of scones is 19 12 words, which consists of more than 40 argot songs. This is a "prophecy" ballad written in argot. According to the hexagrams, the characters are arranged according to a certain law of "image number", which involves the application of "image, number, reason and industry" and is also the legacy of previous people's "watching images and playing industry". Among them, the remaining ions are depressed and literary; Li, one of the gossip, represents fire; Depression means civilization, which means that if the future generations of the world use four words, they will certainly reach the rule of civilization. "Residual ion" is Liu Bowen's excuse. When Liu wrote Jade Ion, he was 47-50 years old and was at the peak of his life. He was depressed for the first half of his life and was unable to display his ambition. Later, he was deprived of military power, so he gave up his official position and retired to his hometown Qingtianshan, where he wrote Jade Ion. Soon after writing, he ran away from home and became Zhu Yuanzhang's confidant, helping Zhu Yuanzhang to establish a unified Ming Dynasty. "Yu" not only reflects Liu Bowen's thought of governing the country and protecting the people as a politician, but also reflects his talent view, philosophical thought, economic thought, literary achievement, moral conduct and profound knowledge. He believes that it is dangerous for the country to forget the people and lack righteousness. Liu Ji takes traditional Confucianism as the theoretical basis of governing the country and politics, and advocates leniency. He believes that as long as the country's discipline, criminal ethics and talents are well grasped, it can rule the world. In the process of writing Yu, Liu Bowen's whole ideological system, especially his views and opinions on social politics, became more mature and systematic.

Cai Yuanpei called him: "The times make heroes, excelling in nature, and crown them on the next generation." Japanese scholar Chun Ono commented on him: "The international situation will calm the sea and air, which will not only create the scale of a generation, but also explain the articles of a generation and cover the sincerity of Gong Liu alone." There is a saying in the folk proverb: "If Zhuge Liang is three points in the world, he will unify the whole country, Liu Bowen;" Former military Zhuge Liang, post-military Liu Bowen. "