Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Lucky day inquiry - Decryption: How much did the September 18th Incident leave for the Japanese?
Decryption: How much did the September 18th Incident leave for the Japanese?
Many netizens have always accused the Northeast Army of losing a large number of weapons. Although this statement is good, it is not comprehensive. Because the main weapons reserve of the Northeast Army was in Shenyang, Shenyang was attacked by the enemy, and of course the losses were serious. But in fact, a large part of the lost weapons are not as serious as an armchair strategist. The reason is that many of these weapons are obsolete weapons in stock, some of which can be traced back to the late Qing Dynasty.
In fact, the biggest losses of the Northeast Army in the September 18th Incident were the so-called largest arsenal in Asia at that time, the arsenal in the three northeastern provinces and the mortar factory in Liaoning, which were also large in scale, because the weapons that suffered the most were eggs, while the arsenal was hens laying eggs, such as rifles, which could produce up to 4,000 pieces per month, the maximum output of light machine guns could reach 40 rounds per month, the maximum output of heavy machine guns could reach 100 rounds per month, and the maximum output of bullets. It's a pity to lose these weapons, but if you have this arsenal, you can produce better things than these weapons in a year or two, so losing the arsenal in the three northeastern provinces is the most deadly.
The weapons lost in Shenyang during the September 18th Incident were mainly stored in the warehouses of the Arsenal in the three northeastern provinces and the mortar factory in Liaoning, with little other losses. Specifically, the 7th Brigade of the Independent Regiment lost less than 2,000 rifles, as well as a dozen mortars and dozens of machine guns. The air force lost 265 planes, Dongying lost hundreds of guns and some teaching guns, battalion-level weapons lost by the commander-in-chief and other sporadic losses.
Specifically, the rifles lost in the warehouse (in addition, more than 2,000 rifles were lost by troops and organs in the city) mainly include:
1. 13 79 rifle (Chinese style) 72679.
2.79 9932 Single barrel rifle
3.79 7932 short barrel new rifle
4.79 New long barrel rifle 1568.
5. 1 150 rifles
2,500 6.38 caliber rifles
7.68 Mao Se 284 rifles.
8.79 196 sleeve gun
9.30 years old 197 javelin.
10.79 Manlixia rifle 146
1 1. 10 Mao Se rifle.
12.67 single-shot Mao Se rifles.
13.323 spike rifles
900 14.20 rifle
45 PCs 15.38 carbine
Czech Janjaweed militia
Mao Se Janjaweed 200.
18.7 foreign rifles
These guns are all kinds of miscellaneous and have different calibers. There are only more than 85,000 new rifles with a main caliber of 7.9 mm, which can meet the equipment requirements of about 17 Northeast Army National Defense Brigade.
The machine guns lost in the warehouse (less than 100 in other places) mainly include:
1.79 Czech light machine gun 2000.
2. 17 light machine gun 153 bracket
3. Bogro machine gun 4 12.
4. 13 65 light machine gun 48.
5.55 cavalry machine gun
6. Otani made Maxim machine gun 14.
These guns are mainly light machine guns with a caliber of 7.9 mm, which can meet the demand of light and heavy machine guns of about five Northeast Army national defense brigades.
All kinds of doors lost in the warehouse (less than 20 doors lost elsewhere) mainly include:
1. 14 37 flat-fire machine gun 189 door
2.14 Type 77 Field Gun 147 Gate
3.38 55 Type 75 Field Cannons
4. 13 75 Field Gun 13 Gate
5.3 1 year 70mm rapid-fire gun 2 1 door
6. Guangxu 29-year-old15 75mm field gun.
7.38 seafood 75mm mountain cannon on the door.
8.3 1 75 rapid-fire gun 12 door
9. Russian 75 Mountain Gun 3 1 door
10. Russian 77 Field Gun 13 Gate
1 1. Krupp 75 wild gun 1 1 door
12. Italian-made wild guns 17 doors
13. Grusen 57mm mountain gun 15 gate.
14. 57mm mountain gun made in Hubei 17 door.
15. Jinling made 8 37mm mountain guns.
16. 100 mm Krupp cannon 2 doors
The situation of these guns is more complicated. Many of them are outdated guns with complex calibers. Their flat-fire guns can meet the needs of the Northeast Army 15 National Defense Brigade. According to the calculation that an artillery regiment of Northeast Army is equipped with 36 Shan Ye guns, its new artillery can be equipped with 6 artillery regiments. Miscellaneous guns can be equipped with some auxiliary forces.
Mortars were mainly lost in Liaoning Mortar Factory, with main calibers of 82mm and 150mm. At that time, Grenade launchers were also called small guns. According to each national defense brigade of Northeast Army, there are18 82mm mortars, 6150mm mortars and about 440 grenade launchers. Its lost weapons are also about five national defense brigades.
About 65.438+0.8 billion bullets and 500,000 shells were lost, calculated according to the ammunition base of the national army (see the figure below):
1. Rifle ammunition, 1 60 rounds, 1 300 rounds (5 days).
2. Light machine bullets, 1 1000 rounds, 1 5000 rounds (counting 5 days).
3. Heavy machine guns, 1 day 2000 rounds, 1 month (counted as 5 days), 10000 rounds.
4. Anti-aircraft machine guns, 2000 rounds 1 day and 20000 rounds/month (calculated by 1 day).
5. Light anti-aircraft artillery shells, 1 day 200 rounds, 1 month 2000 rounds (calculated by1day),
6. Medium anti-aircraft artillery shells, 200 rounds per day/kloc-0, 2000 rounds per month (calculated by 1 0 day).
7. Infantry artillery shells, 1 day 60 rounds, 1 month 300 rounds (counted as 5 days).
8. Chariot shells, 1 60 rounds, 1 300 rounds (5 days).
9. Wild mountain shells, 1 60 rounds, 1 300 rounds (5 days).
These bullets are enough for the whole Northeast Army to fight for two months (calculated by 1.3 million rifles, 8,000 light machine guns, 1.5 million heavy machine guns, 200 flat-fire guns and 350 cannons), and the shells are enough for the whole Northeast Army to fight for more than three months. In addition, in the September 18th Incident, the Japanese army captured 265 aircraft of various types of the Northeast Army in Shenyang City. Of course, most of these planes are old and outdated goods, and they can fly no more than 50 (some are special planes and trainers), as well as 12 light tanks. Considering that these are outdated commodities dumped by countries to China after World War I, their actual combat effectiveness is extremely limited.
However, these figures are indeed quite a lot, but the problem is that it is of little use for the devils to catch them back. Why? Because the Japanese military system is different from that of China. Although some Japanese individual weapons are not more advanced than the Northeast Army, modern warfare is a system and an overall national strength. The era when a single weapon dominated the world is gone forever, so although the Japanese seized so many good things, he didn't need much. For example, most of the Japanese bullets are 65 mm caliber, while most of the captured Northeast Army rifles and light and heavy machine guns are 79 mm caliber, and the Japanese bullets cannot be used (only a few are 6.5 mm caliber). Some of the guns seized, such as 14 type 37 flat gun, 38 type 75 wild gun and 13 type 75 wild gun, are imitation Japanese weapons and can barely be used. But the most powerful 147 14 77 wild guns were all copied from Austria, which was completely out of step with the Japanese system. For these weapons, it is not cost-effective to open a separate production line (the Japanese army immediately transformed the arsenals of the three northeastern provinces into Japanese weapons). As for those planes and tanks, the japs used them and abandoned them. For example, these weapons generally appeared in the northeast battlefield against Ma Zhanshan and other Northeast Army and Volunteers, but they were scrapped and withdrawn from the battlefield for various reasons after a short time.
However, the devil is still very clever. He won't let them waste so many things there. So the devil used these weapons as bait to lure some national scum and make them sick. The flow of these weapons is as follows:
First, a small number of Japanese are for their own use.
After the Japanese army seized a large number of weapons of the Northeast Army, it selected some weapons that conformed to its own system, such as 38 rifles, 13 65 light machine guns, 14 37 flat-fire guns, 38 75 wild guns and 13 75 wild guns, and incorporated them into its own troops. Some advanced weapons, such as airplanes and tanks, are used temporarily (for example, when attacking Ma Zhanshan), but when ammunition or spare parts are used up, they are scrapped immediately and lose their use value.
Second, provide it to some warlords who are willing to be traitors and organize an expansion for them.
Before the September 18th Incident, there were a large number of local warlords in Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning. These people have formed a party, nominally belonging to the Northeast Army, but most of them only obey Zhang Xueliang's command on the surface, but in fact they are fighting on their own. Most of them also colluded with the Japanese army. After the September 18th Incident, a large number of warlords quickly defected to the enemy, and the devils quickly formed a new puppet army with the weapons seized from the Northeast Army. Among these people are:
1. Yu Feifeng was originally a general of Zhang Zai, but when Zhang Xueliang downsized his army, so did his troops, and he was appointed commander of the East Route Army. He has three infantry regiments, 1 cavalry regiment, 1 guard battalion, with about 7000 people. However, his weapons are outdated and he lacks replenishment. He has long been interested in Zhang Xueliang. Later, under the temptation of the devils to give money to officials, especially guns (warlords have an unusual fascination with guns). Finally, at the end of 193 1 10, he publicly defected to the enemy. The Japanese did not break their word and gave him a large number of weapons, which soon expanded to more than 20,000 people in the 10 brigade (actually a reinforcement group). After three years of bloody fighting, he defeated the rebel Northeast Volunteers. During this period, the Japanese also encouraged him to give blood transfusion many times. In July 34, the Ministry was reorganized into the First Military Region of Manchuria, and the troops were reorganized into 2 infantry brigades, 4 mixed brigades and 1 teaching team.
2. Jixing is a fake Jilin garrison. Ji Xing is a Manchu royal family. Before the September 18th Incident, he graduated from the Japanese NCO School and served as the garrison commander of Yanji and the brigade commander of 13 Infantry Brigade, with about 4,800 troops. After the September 18th Incident, he actively followed Xiqia who defected to the enemy and publicly defected to the enemy at 193 10. As a Manchu royal family, he is capable and capable and appreciated by the Japanese invaders. It has been supplemented by a large number of weapons and the army has been greatly expanded. By the end of 1933, its strength had reached more than one third of that of the Puppet Manchukuo Army, including 7 infantry brigades, 4 cavalry brigades, 1 teaching team, 2 cavalry detachments and 1 road protection team, with 3 troops.
Zhang Haipeng, the puppet army in Zhang Haipeng, is Zhang's old partner and a loyal restoration fanatic, because he has long resented Zhang and his son for not being the chairman of Heilongjiang Province. Before the September 18th Incident, he was the commander of Taoliao, with 4 cavalry regiments and about 4,000 people. 18 years later, on the condition that the Japanese promised to appoint him as the overseer of Heilongjiang Province and added 1 rifles, 260,000 gold tickets and 1 10,000 sets of flannel clothes, they publicly defected to the enemy on 10/0/on October 30th. /kloc-at the end of 0/0, he took the lead in attacking Heilongjiang, fought fiercely with Ma Zhanshan, and suffered a heavy defeat, losing thousands of troops. I didn't get the territory of Heilongjiang, so I had to go back to my old nest in frustration. But the devil found that although he was incompetent, it was difficult to find such a dead-set traitor. Then add it completely, let it attack Jehol, and appoint it as the governor of Jehol province. After the Great Wall Anti-Japanese War, the Ministry had four Huncheng brigades, with about 65,438+100000 people.
Modern warlords regard guns as life. Even Ma Zhanshan in Jiangqiao War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, before surrendering to the Japanese aggressors, the Japanese promised to be Minister of Military and Political Affairs of Manchukuo, Governor of Heilongjiang Province and Commander of Police. That's not the most important thing. Most importantly, the Japanese aggressors promised Ma Zhanshan100000 new guns. Although the Japanese invaders failed to keep their promises, they still gave certain weapons to the troops who surrendered with Ma Zhanshan. For example, in September of 1932, the Huncheng Fourth Brigade under the pseudo-Heilongjiang Provincial Police Commander made up two infantry regiments, 1 cavalry regiment, with 2,876 men, equipped with 79 rifles, 580 rifles of type 381and 22 rifles of type 30. The equipment is not bad These weapons are an important weight to attract warlords who are not determined. For these weapons, they finally sold themselves to the devil, and finally harmed others, themselves, the country and became sinners through the ages.
Third, provide it to ethnic separatists to disrupt China.
These ethnic separatists mainly have two parts, namely:
1. Ganzhurzabu, Zhengzhurzabu brothers and later Xing 'an Army. The brothers Ganzhurzabu and Zhengzhurzabu are the sons of Mongolian famous Babuzabu. The Japanese kept it for many years, bent on splitting China. Ganjul Zab is also the husband of the famous spy Yoshiko Kawashima. After the September 18th Incident, the Kwantung Army urgently needed the help of the puppet troops to maintain order, so it gave the captured weapons to the two brothers, 3,000 rifles and 600,000 bullets, so that they could organize the army. However, both of them are fledglings with only a few dozen followers, so they had to contact some Mongolians and Mongolian princes and set up a Mongolian autonomous army with a population of 65438+100000. This army is actually a bandit's * *. Later, the Kwantung Army reinforced with four heavy mortars and two light machine guns, but he was still doomed to defeat. Soon, the brothers Ganjul Zab left the army, and the leadership of the army was in the hands of Japanese consultants. Later, the Japanese invaders wooed the princes of Northeast Mongolia and formed four Xing 'an garrison troops with about 5,000 men.
2. Li Shouxin's puppet Mongols, Li Shouxin was originally a head of the Northeast Army cavalry 17 brigade. Born a bandit, Han Mongolian (ancestors are * * *, adopted Mongolian). He is very bold. When the Japanese invaders attacked Jehol, he surrendered to the devil with the Northeast Army cavalry 17 brigade. From the devil to Li Shouxin's gradual supplement, we can see a feature-
Before surrendering to the Japanese, the Japanese made friends with Li Shouxin, asked him to cross the front line to negotiate in Changchun, and gave him 220,000 bullets, 15 submachine guns, 25 Korean-style 79 rifles and 30,000 yuan of his own money. The two sides have established a good impression. At the beginning of his refuge with the Japanese, the Japanese sent him more than 20 Japanese as an ad hoc group, equipped with three armored vehicles, six heavy machine guns and four or five light machine guns. Cooperate with it. When defending Duolun against the anti-Japanese allied forces, the Japanese gave him 60,000 bullets. But after the test, if you quit Duolun, you will not be a hardcore traitor like some puppet troops. Anyway, the Japanese thought that this unit was a relatively qualified puppet army, so they added 200,000 rounds of ammunition, 500 38 rifles and 90,000 yuan of military pay. After leading the troops to recapture Duolun, the Japanese invaders trusted Duolun more, reorganized their troops into Chadong Garrison, with two divisions under their jurisdiction, and formed an artillery team with eight 77mm wild guns and two 75mm mountain guns. They also sent more than 65438 light and heavy machine guns and more than 30 cars, which greatly strengthened the strength of this part of the puppet troops.
After the defenders of the puppet Chadong occupied six counties in northern Chahar, the Japanese army built a bridge between Li Shouxin and the Mongolian traitor Demuchuk Deng Lupu, which enabled them to form a military-political alliance and set up a puppet Mongolian army. At the beginning of 1936, the puppet Mongolian army was formally established, and the commander-in-chief was Demechuk Deng Lupu (later Li Shouxin). The establishment is as follows:
The First Army (Commander Li Shouxin) is directly under the artillery team and the ad hoc team.
Subordinate: 1.2.3.4, four cavalry divisions.
The Second Army (Commander Demciuc Dunlop) is directly under the artillery unit.
Subordinate: 5.6.7.8, 4th Cavalry Division.
The establishment of this army is very small. Each division has three regiments, and each regiment has four cavalry companies and 1 machine gun companies, but each company has only about 120 people (normal cavalry Dalian should have 180-220 people). According to the establishment, the total number of personnel is only 1.5- 1.6 million, but its manpower is seriously insufficient. Except for the large number of the first army, some divisions of the second army are insufficient 1 000.
However, in order to split China, the Japanese army seriously equipped this puppet army with the captured Northeast Army firearms, and allocated 13 79 rifles (Chinese style) 12000 at one time (of which 2000 were sent to the Liu Ruming Department of the Northwest Army to make up for the losses in the north of Chahar). 30 77mm field guns (also given to Liu Ruming for 8 guns), more than 30 150mm heavy mortars, more than 30 heavy machine guns, 100 Czech light machine guns, and forty or fifty Japanese crooked machine guns. Generously distributed 70 million to 80 million bullets and tens of thousands of shells. Because the puppet Mongols rarely fought during the Anti-Japanese War, these ammunition were basically used to fight * * * after the end of the Anti-Japanese War. A large number of looted communication equipment, sanitary equipment, military vehicles, armored vehicles and light tanks for several years (controlled by Japanese soldiers) were also distributed. It can be said that the troops have sufficient supplies and more weapons and equipment than the cavalry of any country. It was the best equipped cavalry in China at that time.
Fourth, some weapons were used by the devils to win over some frustrated soldiers and bandits and disturb social order.
These people mainly include
1. Collaborate with the Japanese, constantly attack Peiping and Tianjin, try to occupy Peiping and Tianjin, and establish pro-Japanese Bai Jianwu. Its main force is that the Japanese army supplies a certain number of weapons (mainly captured national weapons), which are composed of old troops and bandits.
2. Yin Rugeng, who established the pseudo-Jidong autonomy in Hebei, has tens of thousands of security guards, and some of the weapons were also allocated by the Japanese army from the seized weapons.
3. The pseudo-Han rebel king who tried to disturb Suiyuan was also supplied with some weapons by the Japanese army, and the other was allocated with old weapons replaced by Li Shouxin. Having said that, I can't help but wonder if this is a tried and tested puppet army.
4. In the mid-1930s, Liu Heiqi, Wang Dao and other first-class bandit departments, which had been wandering in Hebei, Suiyuan, Chahar and even Shandong provinces, also obtained the captured weapons supply from the Japanese.
Five, use these weapons to make friends with warlords in Chinese mainland, strengthen the strength of these warlords, and strive to maintain the division of China.
At that time, China was divided and the warlord regime was serious. In order to delay the process of China's reunification, Japanese soldiers often provided assistance to some warlords who opposed Chiang Kai-shek. Among them, military aid is more, and some weapons in military aid remind the Japanese army of these seized guns, which are of little use to the Japanese army, mainly including the following:
1. The aforementioned Liu Ruming (29 army Northwest Army 143 Division, Liu Ruming as Chairman of Chahar Province) obtained 2000 79 rifles (Chinese style) and 8 77 wild guns from the Japanese army on the condition that six counties in Chahar were ceded and the Japanese army was allowed to transport guns and materials to the puppet Mongolian army through its defense.
2. The Japanese army gave a whole artillery battalion a complete set of equipment (12 type 77mm field guns) when fighting for 29 army and Song to take refuge in the devils.
3./kloc-0 At the beginning of 935, the Japanese army reached an agreement with Guangxi to exchange strategic materials for weapons. Only in 1935, two Japanese ships were detained by customs in Humen, and Guangxi got a lot of weapons and ammunition. Specifically, in the summer of 35, Japan sent two ships loaded with arms and cement into Humen, but they were detained by Guangdong Customs. Li Zongren was informed by the Japanese military attache and was ordered to stay there. Finally, the goods were received by Kan Zong Hua, including 5,000 Murata Ayumi guns, dozens of light machine guns, millions of bullets, several mountain guns made in Shenyang, a batch of artillery shells, several planes and a lot of cement. Subsequently, the goods were shipped back to Guangxi. Among these weapons, machine guns and cannons were seized by the devils.
The Japanese are also interested in Chen, the king of the South. They also sold some weapons to Chen and only found them. /kloc-in the summer of 0/936, Japan sold Guangdong flat-fire guns, a batch of machine guns and thousands of rifles. Because the guns used in Guangdong are all 79 caliber, a considerable number of guns here are also weapons seized by the Japanese invaders.
It can be said that the September 18th Incident caused heavy losses to the Chinese nation. In order to conquer China, the Japanese invaders did whatever it took. Not only did they constantly suppress the Republic of China in political, military and military diplomacy, but even some weapons they seized that could not be used on a large scale were used by their waste to endanger our country. It can be said that the devil's heart is not poisonous.
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