The Literary Structure of Laoting Drum

The literary script of Laoting drum is divided into four forms: long story, medium story, short story and mini story. Among them, medium and long articles are commonly called "books", short stories are commonly called "paragraphs", and micro articles are called "paragraphs" or "book caps".

Paragraphs are also called book paragraphs. The paragraphs only sing white words and rhyme to the end. Some are slightly white in the middle, and some are useful. But only when stories or feelings are expressed in a certain paragraph can we change the way. A few to dozens of short sentences and hundreds of long sentences. The content is mostly historical stories or new stories. The following paragraphs are mostly composed of jokes and fables, ranging from a few sentences to dozens of sentences said by the old man. Mainly sing before the whole book, arouse the audience's interest with a joke and a burden, and then sing the whole book. Such as "eat lotus root with one tooth":

There is an 88-year-old lady.

There is only one tooth left in the mouth.

Dongzhuang has been inviting her to dinner.

I stuffed my teeth with a bite of food.

It turns out that the old lady has a white lotus root.

The lotus eye caught the tooth.

The medium and long volumes rhyme, the medium-length plays for several nights to more than ten nights, and the long ones can be played for several months. There is a difference between mouth and mouth. The lyrics and songs are mutually determined; The lyrics are not fixed, and the content can be lengthened or shortened, which is called Shuikou. There are many connections between Chinese and long texts, and most of them are Shuikou. Because of the huge space and complicated contents of such books, the actors who sing only remember Tao Zi. (Also known as "Runliangzi", that is, the actors improvise and polish the performance according to the story outline of the book) The rhyme of the book is unlimited, and the rhyme is free.

You can sing white at the beginning and white at the end of a book. But before the opening, quote the opening poem, then the white, and then the lyrics of the text. Its structure is roughly as follows:

Opening poem-quotation-‖: singing-white: ‖-closing buckle (white or singing).

Another is to sing an opening speech first, then four outline poems, followed by quotations, and then sing the text. This category often begins with "opening a sentence with the title of the book" or with a connecting paragraph. As follows:

Opening words-outline poem-quotation-singing-white:-tail buckle (singing or white).

Most of the words in the book are chapter by chapter, and the end of each chapter reaches a climax, leaving suspense (buttons) before the end to attract the audience to come back tomorrow. Every time the book sings for about an hour, it stops with amazing sentences. (A) Laoting drum prose

The prose (in white) part is popular vernacular. In addition to scattered white, there is also a kind of rhyme white, which is Taoist white of rhyme. Rhyme and prose are transitional and complement each other.

(B) the phonology of Laoting drum

Rhyme (that is, lyrics) has a wide variety of sentence patterns and is relatively free. This is an important prerequisite for the formation of colorful voices. It is mainly composed of seven sentences or cross sentences, followed by three, four, five, six, eight, nine ... or even dozens of words, such as pile sentences and conjunctions.

1.

(1) seven words. Seven-character sentences are mostly "two, two, three" structures. For example:

Swords and guns are bloody,

Jade, jade and silver robes cover the earth.

Open your eyes,

A little red heart makes the world clear.

-"Changbanpo"

The change of seven words:

Baoyu lost his psychic jade,

Talking to yourself like a madman.

-"The Edge of Tears"

This is a change of waist. Its kidney has one syllable more than the normal sentence, and the original two syllables have become three syllables, but its sentence still belongs to the seven-character sentence.

The beginning and end of the sentence also change:

Choose a good day and a good day,

The ceremony is not far away.

-"The Edge of Tears"

In the above example, the first sentence appears at the beginning and the second sentence appears at the end.

(2) Cross sentences. Cross sentences are mostly "three, four, three" structures, such as:

Four maids in front of the ship are at the helm,

Eight urchins at the back of the boat are pulling the oars.

-"Repairing Luoyang Bridge"

Cross sentences also have "three, three, four" structures. Often used in (written) singing, such as:

It says that Zhu Maichen is 32 years old.

There is my door in Lu 'an Town, Yueyang County.

Just because the family is poor and life is difficult,

My father-in-law's family spent it temporarily.

-"Zhu Maichen divorced his wife"

The structure of "three, four, three" is a clever cross sentence, and the structure of "three, three, four" is generally called a clumsy cross sentence.

Variant sentences of cross sentences can also appear at the beginning, end or waist of sentences. For example:

Bangjun store is short of food, grass, people and horses.

The unnamed white-robed husband is a soldier.

-"Fan Jinding scolds the city"

Another example is:

Call sister. Where are you going?

Cry, beauty. Where can I find it?

-"The Edge of Tears"

(3) five words. The five-sentence structure is "two, two, one", such as:

Embroider a mountain,

Embroider a river,

Embroider a duck,

Embroider a goose.

-"Sister Wang Sifu"

2. Variant sentence patterns. The lyrics of Laoting Drum pay special attention to the literary grace and sophistication of words and sentences, and pay attention to the modification and confrontation of syntax. There are many exquisite lyrics. Through rigorous and neat sentence arrangement and unique artistic techniques, the author emphasizes the description of scenery, deepens the expression of inner feelings, strengthens the shaping of characters, beautifies the expression of words and sublimates the ideas contained. In addition to the usual structure and a sentence with one or two words added, there is the following sentence that has changed a lot. To sum up, its technical forms mainly include the following:

(1) parallelism. This kind of sentence is to arrange phrases with the same structure and similar syllables in the appropriate position of the story in a parallel way. For example:

Clear blue sky and red days,

The scattered villages are crowded with ships.

Jiangting lonely red lacquer column,

The majestic mountains are stacked with green plates.

Pieces of floating clouds reflected on the water,

Pairs of guests are hanging in the clouds.

Flocks of river dogs are walking in the water,

Couples of mandarin ducks are flying up and down.

-"Lv Dongbin smashed color"

This lyrics, the above four sentences are one type, and the following four sentences are another type. Every four sentences are a group, and the upper and lower sentences are symmetrical to each other, setting off a unique artistic conception of mountains and rivers. Another example is:

Flowers are scattered and willows are floating.

As soon as the ring rang, the wizard fell.

Green Jiao Jiao Cui Hua obliquely inserts romantic temples,

Don't wear earlobe beads on white hair clips.

Delicate pear powder is delicate and charming,

Little cherry is like dantu.

Sparkling eyes, looking at the intoxicating mirror,

Two thin curved moth eyebrow symbols that evoke the soul.

The slender belt is light and delicate,

The trembling waist is graceful and needs help.

Brilliant, elegant, elegant, charming,

Tingting girls' class has no heroine.

-"Feng Yi Ting"

This kind of parallelism sentence arranges words with the same syntactic structure and similar meanings together at the beginning, waist or end of the sentence, which makes things or scenery overlap layer by layer, emphasizes the rendering and display to the audience, and shows the beauty, luxury and charm of the story of Diusim, so that the audience only listens to its voice as if it were a person.

(2) symmetrical sentences. The upper sentence and the lower sentence of a symmetrical sentence have the same syntactic structure and similar meanings, so they call each other and set each other off. Laoting drum is also widely used. For example:

Tears, tears, tears,

Heartbroken, heartbroken, heartbroken.

-"The West Chamber"

Mingyue's daughter,

I don't want to fall in love with you.

-"graveyard love letter"

Light fragrance, hanging straight to Jin Jian,

Plain clothes's breasts twisted obliquely over the Silver Dragon.

-"Fan Jinding scolds the city"

Symmetrical sentences are quite particular in traditional jokes. Such as Di Zi Shu embroidery section Baochai Dai embroidery:

Feifei is often busy.

Three, three, two days is a long time.

Ups and downs are lonely,

Overlapping tears have been flowing.

Dreams are in vain,

Make-up.

Really, really, you don't care,

Sorrow and worry are infinite.

Here, the symmetry of overlapping words is skillfully used, and at the same time, it has the dual characteristics of parallelism and symmetry. The text is beautifully inlaid and beautifully decorated. In Daiyu's Sad Autumn, this technique is more flexible and changeable. Jia Baoyu went to Xiaoxiang Pavilion to visit Lin Daiyu, who was ill, and saw a beautiful woman leaning on a charming pillow and wearing an old cloak. It was a sad scene:

Breathing softly, coquetry and coughing,

Whisper, ouch, hum,

Embroidered shoes are hidden and exposed simultaneously,

One hand is Xu Yasheng and the other hand is horizontal.

The little pillow was propped up against it,

Books roll around in the west and in the east.

Half of the dark clouds are fluffy and a semicircle,

Lonely children are white and children are red.

This is an example in which the words that rhyme with "Hua Er" begin, and the waist and the end of the sentence are intertwined and set off each other. Singing skills, coupled with lyrical portrayal, further enhanced the performance effect and rendering power.

(3) Conjunction. There are two kinds of couplets in Laoting drum. The first is that the same word is used at the end of the previous sentence and at the beginning of the next sentence, and the upper and lower sentences are closely interlocked and interlocking. So it's also called biting the tail. For example, in "Lv Dongbin smashed color":

I saw her hair dyed like ink,

Dark clouds stained with ink lay across the white jade hairpin,

Insert dark clouds and fly colorful phoenix,

There are flowers in the phoenix,

There are hidden painted wrists in the shirt.

Wearing a gold bracelet through the flange,

Orchids wash hibiscus noodles,

Face like peach blossom, lips like Dan,

Dandan's eyebrows and almond eyes,

Eyes full of autumn water to the spring mountain.

With this syntax, the story can reach its climax step by step, with layers of atmosphere superimposed, which is very helpful to render the typical environment, highlight the characters and increase the artistic charm of the language.

The second kind of serial sentence refers to a type that occurs on the next sentence of a lyric, that is, an upper sentence has more than two next sentences. For example:

A pair of beautiful eyes,

Two arch eyebrows seem to be bent,

Slightly bent,

Like a new moon,

The date is the second day of the third year.

-Blue Bridge Club

This is a Dalian ring sentence composed of one sentence and four sentences, which strengthens the beautiful image of the young peasant woman Lan Ruilian and makes the audience like this beautiful figure better after listening to it.

Another example is:

I cried. God, I cried,

I cried my mother-in-law's uncle, her mother-in-law's son, her brother-in-law, her sister-in-law's brother-in-law,

My uncle's son-in-law who didn't bring five clothes, how did you die? ...

-"Make a scene in Heaven"

This is also a serial sentence similar to the previous example, but different from the previous example. Its next sentence is a serial sentence composed of five sentences, but it is not framed by five sentences. It is so free, natural, playful and full of humorous life breath. In this way, people feel that Yang Erlang is cunning and pretends to be serious, so as to cheat the Monkey King.

(4) pearl sentence. It is mainly through the clever use of numbers to reveal things layer by layer. Such as "Lv Dongbin smashed the color":

Shout loudly, and everyone is waiting for you to smash the color.

Whoever hits me will marry.

1. No matter Hou Chaolang or the Duke of Ma Xu,

Second, regardless of the position of scholars in charge,

(3) No matter in the official camp,

Fourth, whether the cart is carried on the shoulder or not,

(5) Whether craftsmen are engaged in commerce or not,

Whether he is single or not, he is good at playing with money.

No matter how bald, blind, stupid, lame, lame,

No matter ugly, numb, old, weak, sick, disabled,

Whether you want to be a concubine's ex-wife slave or not,

With or without children or slaves, fill the house.

This is a grammar from one to ten to the top. Sometimes, at the end of counting, it will go back the same way. People call this syntax "pearls pour over blinds". For example:

The moon shines on the west wing,

28. Beautiful women are cleverly dressed.

Third, invite Zhang Sheng to dinner.

Looking around, no one jumped on the wall.

Mrs. Wu Geng needs to know,

Liuhuaban tortured Yingying and tried matchmaker.

Seven stars are hanging high on the piano,

Babao Pavilion went to Ye Xiang.

Long-term love is hard to give up,

Shiliting cries out for Yingying and sighs for the matchmaker.

It's hard to give up Yingying's daughter,

Don't wear red makeup on Jiuli Caoqiao.

Bashui Chang 'an went to the scientific research,

Won the first prize in the seventh test.

The hero's meeting before the Liulin banquet,

The Five Peaks Pagoda is very famous.

A square gold seal hanging on the chest,

Drink three glasses of royal wine with the king.

Two fast horses bring good news,

Meet the champion lang all the way.

-"The Grand West Chamber"

In the sentence, "long" replaces nine and "real" replaces ten. This homophonic borrowing is very common in pearl sentences. Using this sentence method from one to ten, and then from ten to one, the story outline of the whole bibliography is systematically described with a series of straight-line pearl sentences.

(5) overlapping words. Multi-sentence is mainly used in tight-board singing, which consists of several three sentences and four sentences. It plays a powerful role in setting off the atmosphere, rendering the artistic conception, adjusting the music structure and increasing the interest of the story. The tune of "grasshopper kicking" in Laoting drum is based on this syntax. For example:

The bleak little beauty stopped knitting at the embroidery pavilion and told the maid to add more charcoal to the stove.

A scholar stopped writing in his study and sat on a cold blanket.

A fisherman bent his fishing rod and froze his boat on the bank of the Milky Way.

Click click click. There was a woodcutter with an axe and a wool rope hanging around his waist. Watch him step by step. The pheasant walked down the mountain.

Crying, the little shepherd boy couldn't find the cattle and went back to the old road.

Xiao Weiwei Meng Haoran stepped on the snow, and the little boy in Xun Mei followed the donkey and whipped it tightly.

This is a bunch of words used in the singing of "Horse Fried Kick". Overlap the words used in ordinary water boards, such as in ten questions and ten answers:

Wearing a dragon and phoenix coat that can be woven by talented people and carefully crafted by skilled craftsmen, holding Shoushou Mountain, a mirage, a balcony, a temple and a jade peak fairy,

There is a three-star floating skirt at the waist, with thousands of colorful flowers on it, birds in the morning, peonies in the morning, and eight beautiful flowers in the Xiangjiang River in the morning.

Another example is Shuang Suoshan:

Call stable boy. You are the pink rouge horse. You came to your girl's stable and screamed. You walked thousands of miles and walked for days and nights just to win or lose.

Call the maid. You should listen to your girl's mouth full of pure steel, which is made by skillful craftsmen. The embroidered velvet knife lined with small golden bells is going to fight.

Due to the ever-changing and eclectic forms of heaped words, its tunes also have ever-changing new colors and tastes, which makes people feel novel and interesting.

The lyrics, sentence patterns and syntax of Laoting Drum are diverse, but this diversity has its own framework and composition, and has its own unique artistic laws and uses.