Cartoon terms and common sense about comic-con?

Original video animation, original animated video, is different from the animation played on ordinary TV. This kind of animation is more expensive and time-consuming than the TV version, and will only be released in the form of DVD and video. "Theoretically," the artist is better in quality and looser in scale than the ordinary TV animation. Art exposure is common (; . However, in recent years, many old films have been bought by Taiwan Province Limited Television Company, broadcast on limited channels, and cut into pieces, which makes the audience completely incomprehensible. I don't know whether this practice is testing the cognitive ability of the audience or the memory of those who have seen it. Usually, an episode of OVA lasts for 25 minutes, while a DVD contains more than two episodes at a time.

2. What is the theatrical version (animation)?

The first time it was made public was an animation for playing in the cinema. The production cost, investment and manpower of this kind of works are higher than those of OVA and TV animation, and the more luxurious the painter, the better. No matter in the fluency of movements or in the number of separations used, the difference between them can be clearly seen. Usually, a theatrical animation is 90 minutes, but it is not certain, and there is a big difference.

Nowadays, as long as it is a popular TV animation, there is usually a corresponding theatrical version, but the theatrical version is usually different from the original TV version in terms of stories and characters. For example, the theatrical versions of "Girl Revolution" and "Time and Space Fortress" only retain the main lines of the original stories and characters.

3. What is "GK mode"?

The full text of "GK" is Garage Kit, which originally meant "garage components", because westerners used to use the garage as a workshop, and the GK model was born here.

The original GK model is only the works created by some players themselves, and the details of modeling vary from person to person. There is usually only one, which is the only one in the world. The material (that is, raw materials) is not necessarily, but clay, gypsum, plate and metal can be used, so the model made by ourselves or produced in small quantities is called GK.

Later, because some special finished products were very pleasing, I had the idea of selling them as commodities. Selling and selling, suddenly one day, two guys took a fancy to a work at the same time, and someone began to use their crooked brains to copy the GK mode, by flipping the mode! At that time, gypsum and other materials may be used as templates to copy, but gypsum is not durable, and it may not be recognized once or twice. At present, silica gel is used as the template material of turnover mould, which is not only excellent in elasticity, but also much stronger in durability than gypsum, but it is still limited in number of copies.

Basically, plastic models that can be mass-produced as long as they are not injection molded are called GK, including solid resin, hollow soft rubber, white metal (low melting point, soft lead-tin alloy), and the themes are mostly anime characters or movie characters. GK displayed by HGA is mainly cartoon characters of solid resin (the earliest source is actually industrial waste).

4. What is "supervision"?

"Supervision" is actually written in Japanese, and English is Director, which is a common director in Chinese. The director of Japanese animation production is the key to determine the atmosphere style of the whole work, and is in charge of the rhythm of the story, the turning point of the atmosphere and so on. Even the same role setting, the same painting style and the same production team will have completely different styles because of different directors. [The work of a TV animation director]

Today, Hideaki Anno is a famous producer of Japanese animation. The representative work "Gospel Warrior in the New Century" is regarded as one of the three Japanese animation works with the same fame as Gundam and Macross. Later, the success of A Man and a Woman further consolidated his position as a first-class producer, and now it is even more popular.

Kunihiko Ikuhara, who once supervised the famous "Beautiful Girl Warrior" and the controversial otaku's work "Teenage Revolution Utena", has always been famous for its magnificent momentum and various scenes that puzzled the audience. What he and Hideaki Anno have in common is that their works are full of the bad taste of supervising individuals, which makes their works enthusiastically loved by fans, but it also causes a lot of controversy. Kunihiko Ikuhara, in particular, is often loved by those who like it and hated by those who hate it.

Mamoru Oshii has successfully produced many famous works, such as "Reviving Teenagers" and "Mobile Police". The same series of works can also show different styles, that is, they can be made easy and funny, or they can be made sad and heavy, and the works are very individual. In addition, his theatrical animation "Conquering the Mobile Team" is a classic, which is also quite good in Europe and America.

5. What are "character design" and "mechanical design"?

The person who is responsible for designing the role modeling and clothing style of the debut role is called "role setting" Its job is not only to let the subsequent painters know what the people they want to paint look like, but also to tell them the facial features, eyes, expressions and so on. This character, and design the face of the same character from several different angles, as well as the clear sea with closed lines different from ordinary comics. The design of robots, vehicles and weapons responsible for appearance are all "mechanical settings". In addition to drawing the mechanical shape, it is also necessary to mark the possible detailed structure, movement mode, openable place and so on. Unless otherwise specified, design drafts are generally clean line drafts without shadows.

For example, Sadamoto Yoshiyuki, who is widely known by domestic fans in character setting, has masterpieces such as The Mystery of Sapphire (also translated as Two Wan Li under the Sea) and Famous Gospel Warrior in the New Century. There are also famous masters Haruhiko Mikimoto and Akemi Takada. Haruhiko Mikimoto is best known for setting roles for Macross and 0080 in the Gundam series. His role is gorgeous and human, and his eyes are particularly charming. On the other hand, Akemi Takada can be regarded as a master of animation plastic surgery. She adapted many popular cartoons into animated characters, such as the famous Orange Road and The Mobile Police. The style of these popular juvenile cartoons is not elegant, but their images have been greatly improved after Akemi Takada's hand, and the original shape of the cartoons has been preserved, so that the audience can't recognize the beautiful characters after the animation. Her collection of orange road color maps can only be described as beautiful.

Kunio Okawara and Chuansenxiu were the first famous mechanical designers. The former designed the famous Gundam series, while the latter's masterpiece is Macross.

6. Sinario?

That is, scenario in English, which means script. Write stories in pure words, including scenes, places, background sound effects, character dialogues, character movements, etc.

7. Split stage?

English is a continuous ty [size =+0] script, while Chinese is something called "mirror table". The homework in this step is the first step to truly transform the things on the paper into the pictures to be presented in the future. The person who draws the mirror table turns them into pictures in his mind according to the instructions of the script, and then draws them on paper. The purpose of drawing a mirror-dividing table is to decompose the continuous actions in the animation into units of 1 cut (1 mirror-dividing), and mark the way of moving the mirror, dialogue, special effects and so on beside it. The most important time, number of sheets, etc. It will also be written on the far right side of the stage.

8. What is "layout"

"Layout" is a relatively rare job, which is close to "composition" in Chinese in nature. It can only be used in some dramatic works, such as designing multi-level backgrounds, so that the moving speed of each layer is different, which can show a realistic sense of distance. The person who draws the layout must be aware of the existence of the camera in his mind, look at the grass and trees in the scene from the camera's point of view, and then draw these pictures in detail.

There will be this job, mainly to make up for the mirror table painted by the director who is not good at painting, and to present the messy and simple picture carefully as the basis for the original painting, animation, background, color designation and so on. Works in Mamoru Oshii, such as Mobile Police Theater Edition, Mobile Police Theater Edition 2, Ghost in the Eggshell, etc. , are examples of extensive use of layout, characterized by "2D painting can also accurately express 3D visual effects".

9. What is a performance?

Japanese "performance" is a unique title in Japanese animation production. To put it simply, he is an assistant director, and his role in TV series is different from that in OVA and movies.

In TV series, because the director is too busy to take care of every episode, the "performance" of each episode is equivalent to the "exclusive director" of the episode. He always controls the production of the episode according to the (general) director's intention. In OVA and Movie, the position of "performance" is more like "assistant director", who understands the director's intention and helps to deal with the details of the performance work ("performance work" is the process of "transforming script words into lens pictures", which is a bit like the so-called "scene scheduling" in western movies or stage plays). His job is similar to that of producer. He must be familiar with animation language, but he doesn't have to be good at drawing (just as a director doesn't have to be good at drawing ...). So some people translate it as "co-director" and others as "assistant director" or "executive director".

(In addition, there is a word "performance" in Japanese, which usually refers to "actor". Only seen in live-action movies and TV series, not in the animation production group. )

10, original painting?

The original painting is to draw the starting and ending pictures or still pictures of the characters in the picture on paper in the form of line draft. Shadows and horizontal lines of color separation are also drawn in this step. Therefore, some people translate it into "Key-Animetor" or "Illustrator" (less used).

1 1, animator

The work of drawing every action in the original painting on paper at intervals specified by the mirror table. Finally, these lines are photocopied on celluloid sheets, and then the coloring operation can be carried out. Some people also translate it as "assistant animator" and "in between".

12, what is the job of the animation director (key animation supervisor)?

Modify the finished product of the original painting and animation to see whether the face of the character conforms to the character setting, whether the movement is smooth and so on. You must be able to repaint when necessary, so you must be a senior original painter and animator.

What is color identification?

The task of assigning colors is called "color setting" with different names, but in English, there are color setting, color modeling, color designer, color coordinator, color key ... In addition to specifying "clothes should be red, pants should be black", it is more important to specify the shadow and gradient colors needed for celluloid painting, and use XXX pigments.

14, gentleman?

In Japanese, the original meaning is to complete and complete the manuscript, in Chinese it means painting, and in English it means painting and completion. Draw the reverse side of the celluloid piece according to the pigment number marked in each piece.

15. What is the job of the audio director?

Responsible for the arrangement of the soundtrack, the preparation of the effect sound, the dubbing recording, the supervision of the mixing project and so on. (Audio Supervision of Yin Yingchuan's Works —— Interview with Tomita Chuanjin)

16, producer's job

The producer's job is mainly to plan the production schedule, arrange the daily production schedule, find the production team/production company and win over foreign investors. At the same time, he must cooperate with the executive production to ensure that each component of the plan can be combined correctly on time.

17, resume

The role dubbing is the dubbing actor, the dubbing actor of the animated role.

18, TV version

Most of the works broadcast on TV channels are half an hour a week.

Definition of Japanese animation terms

Animation is animation. The word "ァニメ" is now used to describe those celluloid animations ("Japanese animations"). After the 1970s (there were cartoons called "TV cartoons" or "cartoons showing pictures" before the 1980s), cartoons (and a few novels) were adapted into animations by most Japanese animation companies. Many animation production companies attach great importance to injecting culture into characters and stories, and will also revise the original comics.

Contrary to our imagination, most animations are aimed at children and teenagers. The animation industry is almost only the auxiliary of the comic industry. Few comics are oriented to college, so in fact, most adult comic readers don't care about comics. By the end of 1980s, animation had reached the peak of its economic development. Now those famous cartoons and animations have to turn to video games.

Mechanical (メカ/mecha)

A wide range of topics, including any instrument, robot or machine equipment. In particular, it seems that "giant robots" first appeared in films like Godzilla. Mechanical design seems to make animation works reach a high stage, but it is not an important condition for the success of comics.

Drama (gekiga)

Theater version of the movie. As the name implies, drama painting has a simple plot, which is very similar to ordinary drama movies. The characteristics are straightforward, straightforward, realistic and simple. Writers such as Bai Teng Sanping and "たかぉ" Xi Du will be regarded as the later Ming films. Dramatic painting was very popular in the 1960s. Later, even Osamu Tezuka introduced drama and painting elements into his stories. However, drama painting is declining. Now it is hard to see his shadow in juvenile comics, although this type still has a market among readers over 40 years old.

ェッチ? Comics (H-manga, h, ecchi, hentai)

"Occlusion" means "abnormal/abnormal state", and later, it only means "abnormality" or "sexual abnormality". "H" or "ェッチ" is a slang abbreviation for "",which basically shows the theme of sex. Comics with direct or other pornographic content are called "comic books" or "H comics".

The word "death" was originally used in a magazine (a popular magazine with serial novels). "H" means "miss pervert". It is said that this is the name of a female character. She used this word to tease men ... After 1980s, most Japanese people used to use the word "ェッチ" to imply sexual meaning. 〕

According to a survey, H comics account for about a quarter of the entire comic industry. Almost all types of consumers can buy them, although they are marked with age limit or wrapped in plastic paper (in Japan, it is easy to find shops that only sell H comics. )。 H comics claim to have the greatest degree of freedom, and are also divided into several sub-categories, with different artistic depth and width. In addition, some (not most) H comic writers have also entered the mainstream media. Many small publishing houses specialize in making H comics and jointly selling pornographic game software, CDs and other fan chronicles.

ロリコン(lolicom)

It consists of the word "Lolita complex". This is obscene for a young girl. This word is vulgar in Japanese, but it is almost the same meaning. As a branch of H comics, ロロロ comics describe the image of a young girl. In the field of H comics, the words "Lolita" and "beautiful girl" are interchangeable.

Dōjinshi

Literally means "there are good publications". Homomorphism refers to the combination of multiple groups of authors with the same style, not just animation or comics. A bunch of fan chronicles are called "factions". In the cartoon community, the current fan chronicle refers to amateur writers, that is, those who publish their own cartoons, especially those who draw according to existing cartoons or animations.

give exact information

What is "Fan Zhi"? Although it can be explained by a bunch of complicated definitions, it is better to use the simplest and clearest statement. Fanzhi is a good magazine, published by fanatics who are unable or unwilling to publish their works through ordinary regular publishing channels. As we all know, the publication of formal creation is actually very strict. Not only do you have to go through the basic writing review, but you also have to worry about various trivial matters such as content and theme. And the so-called "formal" generally refers to "business". In this case, the works selected for publication must be screened by editors, and not all the works of creators have the commodity value in the eyes of editors. At this time, there will be a serious problem. What if an author with "infinite enthusiasm and determination" and the mainstream media resolutely refuse to adopt your "masterpiece"?

The answer is simple, it is fan ambition.

So the original fan zhi has nothing to do with comics.

It is generally believed that Fan Ju was born in the Taisho period, when famous writers of the Birch School, such as Mushahaoji and Shiga Naoya, compiled their literary works into a book and published them out of their own pockets. Not long after, many like-minded friends created "Fan Ju" in Japan, and at one time "Fan Ju" became an affair of literati, which suddenly became popular. Therefore, in the future, when "Fan Zhi" almost becomes the consent of "Comic Fan Zhi", people seem to forget that Fan Zhiqi was a completely different thing at first. But personally, the Japanese practice is actually from China, because according to this definition, the earliest place where Fan Ju appeared was undoubtedly in China, and Fan Ju had already appeared as far back as "Luoyang paper was expensive". Therefore, the tradition of sharing common aspirations really has a long history in China.

But now we are talking about comics, and the history of comics is really the longest in Japan. Among them, the most representative original ancestor comic collection and sales meeting-comic market, has a history of 26 years. The scale of this fan story sale held once a year in winter and summer is a bit amazing. Not only nearly 10,000 booths participated in the exhibition, but the two-day exhibition actually reached an impressive audience of more than 500,000.

Comic fan zhi can generally be divided into two categories, namely "the original school" and "the deductive school". As the name implies, the original school is completely self-created, while the "deductive school" is based on popular commercial comics and comics and completely deducts with its own ideas. Let's not mention the "original school". Are some people puzzled by the "deductive school"? Why does someone else's job have to be started all over again? Yes, the reason is simple. Because even the same thing, different people will have different understandings and different expectations. What you want to see, the development you expect, or the people you care about may not make you get what you want. In fact, the current author is probably holding "very good, do you want to see the plot develop like that?" The purpose of "I'm partial" is painting, and the most typical one is probably clamp's spoof sister. So, isn't the reader very pitiful? The feeling of being played in the palm of your hand. However, it's no big deal, just draw it yourself at most! !

So, I understand why this kind of "putting other people's roles and story structures into your own pen to interpret a new story" is so popular? Because, in everyone's heart, there is an expectation to change their destiny or decide their future path. Of course, it is also interesting for Fan Zhi's author to decide the fate of others by the way.

Of course, everything needs an opportunity to flourish. The reason why Fan Zhi began to develop like a raging storm about ten years ago was also caused by the environment at that time. On the one hand, the classification of girl cartoons reached its peak, on the other hand, a new generation with brand-new consciousness and subverting tradition appeared, and the business of cartoon animation touched the enthusiasm of colleagues, so a brand-new era began! !

Speaking of which, what did young girls like in those days? Yes, it's saint seiya the Saint. I really want to thank Mr. Chetian. Although it is a work with many shortcomings in retrospect, the appearance of many characters, complex relationships and beautiful characters in juvenile comics really prompted many fans to "rise up" from the beginning.

Fan Ju's stories are varied, including funny stories, beautiful stories, joyful stories, and not limited to "saints". Now, clamp's sisters, who hold up half the sky, are all from the same ambition. As for the author of Desperate Love, who has become a bible collection in the hearts of countless girls, it was also from soccer boy that she embarked on the "point of no return". Moreover, Miss Nan also painted a fan story of "Blue Irrigation Master". Other cartoons with many characters, such as "A Tour of Bai Shu" and "Legend of Heroes of the Galaxy". , are doomed, was dragged into the mixed water of peers. In fact, the popularity and intensity of fan chronicles have reached such a level that it is enough to judge whether a cartoon is really accepted and understood by the public. Just look at the fiery situation of its fan chronicles market. The corresponding fan chronicle group has naturally become something that came into being.

This self-organized and self-printed comic book "Friendship" is completely different from the comic book under the commercial system: although it is in an immature predicament, its free potential, fearless courage and flying youth are really worth cherishing.

Now, for the mainland, it is not a distant thing. It is said that there are 20,000 fan chronicles in China, and there are endless fan chronicles in periodicals. However, how to make things that rely on enthusiasm and feelings continue to develop, and how to move from "model" to "business" while maintaining the inconvenience of concentricity may be the real problem. Although sincere wishes may not be of practical help, I still wish: good luck with people! !

Fanaticism (オタク/otaku)

"fanaticism" is a name for hardcore enthusiasts. Comics are people who bring comic life to the extreme. This word is also used to describe comic fan culture, but in most cases, it is a derogatory term. In Japanese, "マニニ" also means this.

"ぉたく" literally means "your home", which is a polite title. This title implies that those fans stay at home all day and seldom socialize with the outside world.

Three noes (yaoi))

Comics such as "やままなし, ぉち (ち), なし, ぃみ (meaning)" are characterized by depicting gay men and are usually used. Also known as "juvenile love/boy love" or "shotacom". The development of "やぉぃ" phenomenon is similar to that of western "slash" novels.

やぉぃ Comics first appeared in the early 1980s, when there was a related magazine "June". There are many such comic magazines now, and Fan Zhi also has many such works. It can be said that Tsubasa Oozora's cartoons about football teenagers have also promoted the development of "やぉぃ" cartoons, and now "やぉぃ" is also dominated by like-minded people. Although やぉぃやぉぃややややぉぃややややややややややややや

Nakajima ぁずさ is a famous writer and critic of やぉぃ/juvenile love.