Brief introduction of Shi Guwen in past dynasties

The theory of "Governing the Zhou Dynasty" began in the early Tang Dynasty, including many different viewpoints, such as the theory of Western Zhou Wenwang, the theory of becoming a king, and the theory of Wang Xuan.

1. Xi said that Ouyang Xiu's Collection and Postscript of Historical Records in the Northern Song Dynasty: "Wei thought of drums and carved poems", and Ge's "Yun Zai" quoted Wei's "Song of the Stone Drum" and thought that the stone drum was a relic of western Zhou Wenwang. However, the original sentence of Wei's poem is "Zhou Xuan hunts the grandson of Qi", so the appearance of "Wang Wenshuo" should be related to the above two people mistakenly quoting "Zhou Xuan" as ""in Wei's poem. Although the arguments of Wang Wen Shuo are not sufficient, there is still a certain market. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Guozuo's "Shigu Song" still holds the view that "words become propaganda, which is doubtful".

2. West Zhou Chengwang said that there are the Postscript of Guang Chuan in the East, Lu Yong by Cheng Dachang and Shi Guwen's Final Edition by Shen Wu. Mainly due to the records in Zuo Zhuan's Four Years of Zhao Gong: "Pepper is said to seek Qi Yang in Zi Chu", Du Yu said: "Wang chooses to hunt in the grandson of Qi Mountain", and there are poems related to hunting in the stone drum unearthed in Chencang, so he thinks that the hunting recorded in the stone drum is related to Wang's big hunting.

3. West Zhou Xuanwang said that this theory originated in the early Tang Dynasty. It was first put forward by Xie Su, an official of Zhenguan calligrapher's department, at the beginning of Notes: "The salty handwriting is the oldest in the world, and Lisi doesn't know the traces of history, which is close to Guanzhong." Li Sizhen agreed in The Book of the Back. Zhang Huaiguan concluded that Shi Guwen was "a satire on Wang Xuan's hunting". Because the words in the Book of Poetry were burned out at the beginning of the emperor, there were few such words left after the Qin and Han Dynasties, and many stone drum characters were not included in the later word books, so there was no evidence to confirm, so the theory of the Book of Poetry became a conclusion. Because it is difficult to explain Wei's poems with irony, he changed "mocking the king to hunt" into "hunting and carving stones to show merit" in "Shigu Song". Another view of Xuan Wang is based on poems praising Xuan Wang, such as Che Gong Ji and Sacrifice to the Sun. Therefore, people think that Shigu's poetry should also be based on this era. This view echoes the "historical theory" and has created a great momentum. Xuan Wang's Theory has a wide influence, which was recognized by scholars in Tang and Song Dynasties, and later by Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong in Qing Dynasty. Until the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, as the theory of "ruling Qin" gradually gained the upper hand, the theory of "Wang Xuan" gradually faded out, but it still did not end, and there were still some supporters.

Zhu Qin said.

There are about a dozen different opinions and opinions about the theory of "Qin master", mainly including,, Qin Degong,, and Qin.

1. said Yang Shen, congruent. 1955, Guo Moruo further demonstrated the theory of "xianggong" in the study of Shi Guwen, and put forward the view of "harmony with qi" in Shigu. According to the records in Yuanhe County Records, it is believed that there are three ridges unearthed from Shigu, so it must be related to the establishment of one of the three ridges. In addition, according to the poems related to drowning, such as Huhu to Wuwu, Huhu to Wuwu and Yu Ji later, Zhang Guangyuan further believed that the stone drum was made in the tenth year of Xianggong, and the poet was Taishi.

2. Qin Wengong said that the contents of Shigu poems in Notes on Shi Guwen and Chronicles of Heaven, which shocked you in the late Qing Dynasty, were similar to those recorded in Historical Records and Qin Benji. "Wen Gong spent three years hunting in the East with 700 soldiers. Four years, with historical facts such as the meeting of the dead, this statement was put forward. He thought: "In Qin Shu, Wen Gong took 700 soldiers to the East in three years and reached the Wei Society in four years. This is what he said. It is also said that Zhou Yi won here in the pre-Qin period, and was later made a vassal, so he became a fortune teller and occupied Ji, that is, he managed to run the city. This is what he said,' My road is smooth, but my trees are good', all about running the city. Those who' only apply for one day' will also get one day. The first drum (my car) is all about hunting, so the hunting of 700 people in the East is justified. Moreover, in a drum, the son of heaven and the public are mixed together. Is there a reason why hunting in Wang Xuan is called the son of heaven and the masses? Then the emperor Zhou Wang is also, and the public Qin Wen is also. " Luo Zhenyu, Ma Xulun, Xu Zhuangshu, Song Hongwen, Yang Shouqi, Yin Boling, Li Tiehua and others all supported this theory, but their arguments were not exactly the same. The specific time when the stone drum was produced was different, and the reasons for engraving were also different.

3. Qin Degong said that Wang Guowei's "Collection of Guanlin Bie" and other articles believed that the stone drum characters were the same blood as Qin Gonggui and Guo's whiteboard inscriptions, and were cast by Gai for a while. This paper analyzes the characters of Shigu from the perspective of characters and fonts, and holds that Shigu should be made after Degong moved to Yong. From the Stone Drum, we can see that Duan Yang's legacy is Qin Degong and others-after reading Comrade Guo Moruo's article Hou, we think that the drum content in Zuoyuan is related to the relocation of German officials to Yong and Sanchuan in Qi Shu, and the drum ","and "Nidhogg" in Er Shi should refer to Zhou. Dai supported the theory of "Degong" in Re-discussion on the Age of Stone Drum, and thought that the stone drum was built at the beginning of Yongcheng.

4. The proponents of Qin's theory include Li's The Original Site of the Stone Drum and Its Engraving Year, and the Textual Research of The Stone Drum and —— Also on Guo Moruo's Eight-year Theory of "xianggong". Li believes that "Mickey was written in the fourth year of Qin Huang (672 BC), so the stone carving age of the stone drum should be in this year", and the drum "Tian Zi" in "Two Stones" refers to Zhou, and "Nidhogg" refers to the fall of the prince. His theory is based on the fact that the unearthed place of the stone drum is the same as the secret collection place of the works, and the time of calming down the civil strife in Zhou Dynasty is the same as that in Qin Dynasty. In the article Zuonian and its comparison with The Book of Songs, Li's theory of publicizing the public was supplemented. Hu Jianren also believed that the stone drum was carved by Qin and Chen Cang when they were making dark beds.

5. Qin Mugong said that this was put forward by Ma Heng, the former director of the Palace Museum, in articles such as The Stone Drum Carved in Qin Dynasty. He believed that this stone drum was carved when Mu Gong ruled Xirong, and the Emperor of Zhou asked Zhao Gong to congratulate him. This paper lists the comparison between the characters of twelve musical instruments of Qin Opera and those of Shigu, and then takes the usage of the word "Ling" as an example to further prove that "Shi Guwen" is a Qin dialect based on Zheng Qiao. The Japanese Tadao Akazuka said that the new research of Shi Guwen の began.

6. Qin Jinggong said that advocates have Wang Hui "; Compilation and interpretation —— Re-discussion on the era and Xu's textual research on the era. According to the archaeological findings of Fengxiang Qin cemetery, Wang Hui thinks that the writing of stone chimes in Qin cemetery is very similar, and they should be made at the same time. The stone drums were probably made during the reign of Gongwang, but it is unlikely to be completed during the reign of Gongdi. Xu thinks that Shi Guwen's Poems is a masterpiece, describing "a grand hunting activity in Qin Xianggong", while the words are written. "The absolute age of stone drums is in the middle and late Spring and Autumn Period-Qin Jinggong period".

7. Qin Aigong said that in his calligraphy research, Hong thought that "the new evidence lies in the stone drum itself and the stone of the Wu people", and his poems recorded and reflected the historical facts of the Qin people's rescue of Chu and the Qin-Wu war. The man's drum was the "Wu people" in the Spring and Autumn Period, and concluded that the stone drum was the carved stone after the revolution of "Qin defeated Wu" in 32 years. Xu Chang supported this "victory theory" in "A New Examination of Shi Guwen's Block-printed Chronology".

8. Qin Linggong said that Tang Lan, former vice president of the Palace Museum, was the first person to advocate this statement. In Shi Guwen's Textual Research on Gong Ling's Three Years' Block Printing, according to the Thirteen Years of Wengong recorded in Historical Records and Qin Benji, and because it is believed that only Qin Mugong has poems in Lv Chunqiu Yinchu, it is considered that the age of Shigu cannot be earlier than that of Qin Mugong. Through the relationship between personal pronouns such as "I" and "I", it is considered that bronze wares all use "I", Qin Huiwen uses "I" in Curse Chu, while stone drums use "I", "Yu" and "I" instead of "I". It is further inferred that stone drums should be produced later and follow Curse Chu. At the same time, according to documents, Gong Ling wrote Wu Yang Shang Xia Dian to offer sacrifices to the Yellow Emperor and Yan Di, so he concluded that Shi Guwen was written in the Qin Linggong era. Sue and Na Zhiliang followed closely. After that, Tang Lan changed his point of view and changed it to "Dedicated to the public".

9. Qin Xiangong said that Tang Lan made this statement when he published Textual Research on the Age of Shigu in 1958. He demonstrated in detail that Shi Guwen could only be born in the Warring States Period from eight aspects, such as inscriptions, literary history, new words, glyphs, calligraphy, places of discovery, stone age content and geographical features, and combined with literature records, he further believed that Shigu was born in the eleventh year of offering his services to the public.

10. Before Qin Huiwen came to the first emperor, he said that Zheng Qiao's preface to the sound of a stone drum, Luo Junti's textual research on ten chapters of Qin carving and Cheng Zhiqing's trial reading of Shi Guwen all supported this theory. Zheng Qiao's word "Ling,?" These two characters are found in Qin Jin and Qin Quan respectively. Through the comparison of the characters and the analysis of "Tian Zi" and "Nidhogg", it is considered that the stone drum is a thing of A Qin, which came into being after Qin Huiwen and before Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Luo Junti and others also made a comparative analysis of the characters before and after the first emperor's "Dredging the Text". They think that the closer the times are, the more people have the same characters, so they judge that the stone drum originated between Qin Huiwen and the first emperor.

1 1. Others and Li Xueqin's "Qin Civilization in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty" think that the stone drum was produced in the middle and late Spring and Autumn Period; Qiu Xigui's Outline of Philology, Times and Related Issues, Qin Gonggui's Times: On the Relative Times, etc. It is believed that the stone bulge originated between the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and so on.

Zhu Han, Northern Wei and Yu Wenzhou said.

1. "Han Shuo" began in Wuyi's "Jinshi Ba" in Qing Dynasty. The reason is "riding a car" and playing drums? The sentence "Wen Gu Yuan" is interpreted as "six horses", but Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had a system of driving six horses, so it is inferred that the stone drum was produced in the Han Dynasty.

2. "Jin Shuo" originated in Wang Kaiyun in the late Qing Dynasty. In Xiang Qi Lou Ji, he thinks that the stone drum was carved in the Jin Dynasty; The theory of the Northern Wei Dynasty originated from Answering Your Majesty's Letter that the stone drum originated in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and Yao followed it in Sufficient Evidence. The theory of Yuwen Zhou originated from the Biography of the Kingdom of Jinding, saying that Ma Dingguo believed that the stone drum was carved by Yuwen Zhou in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and Gu in the Ming Dynasty also confirmed this statement in the inscriptions on stone.