Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Lucky day inquiry - Excuse me, who knows the information of Manidui in Tibet?

Excuse me, who knows the information of Manidui in Tibet?

Appreciation of Manidui and Manishi Sculptures in Tibet

Mani heap is mostly the accumulation of white stones. It is often placed in squares or circles on hilltops, mountain passes, intersections, ferries, lakes, temples or cemeteries for blessing and becoming the patron saint of local people. In the primitive Bonism in Tibet, people believe that everything is spiritual. Of course, white stones are indispensable in white worship. After Buddhism was introduced into Tibet, people took a step forward in building Mani pile, which is generally no longer pure white stone. People carve Buddhist scriptures or Buddha statues on those white stones that should have been endowed with aura, so that these white stones can be endowed with aura and become Mani stones, so as to bless and shelter themselves.

Manit varies in size and shape. The big one is a mountain, the small one can be placed in the palm of your hand, and it can also be round or square in nature. In addition to the white color, its texture is also very different, including limestone, flint, white marble and so on. The scale of the initial Manifold may not be too large, but according to the traditional habits of people on the plateau, when passing by Manifold, they will whisper, call for the gods, pray for the gifts and blessings of the gods, remove disasters, get happiness, turn around Manifold and add a stone. Even without stones, animal heads or horns, wool and even their own hair will be added. In this way, after a long period of people coming and going, the scale of the Mani reactor will become larger and larger.

The contents carved on Mani stone are generally related to Tibetan Buddhism. There are Buddhist scriptures, most of which are six-character mantras, other auspicious words, Buddha statues, immortals, animals or monsters, which are very rich in content. People not only put Mani stone in places where they often go around or go in and out, but some people also put Mani stone as a sacred object at home or take it to distant places for pilgrimage. As the patron saint of the people, Mani stone is embedded in walls or hung on houses, and even temples dedicated to Mani stone have been built in some places, surrounded by Mani stone.

The great demand for Mani stone has created artists and Mani stone carving art. Different from Mani stone's lofty status, Mani stone sculptors are all over Tibet, and their social status is humble. Although they make a living from this, every time they carve a Mani stone, they will also pray to God devoutly. According to the requirements of Buddhists, they will engrave corresponding contents. Practice makes perfect. It is this long-term tempering that artists' stone carving skills have been continuously improved, and gradually reached a handy level, forming different styles, making Mani stone carving a unique artistic stone carving. From the technical point of view, line engraving, undercut engraving, bas-relief and comprehensive techniques. These techniques are popular in different regions, forming different regional styles, such as the multi-line engraving of Qamdo and Ali, and the bas-relief of Lhasa and Shigatse. Of course, this technical difference is not absolute. Every artist will have his own different style. Even the same artist will carve the same god on different stones in various ways, because in their view, what matters is his sincerity to the Buddha.

Article Source: China Tibet Basic Information Series-Tibetan Folk Custom.

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Belief is a common form of natural worship among all ethnic groups in China and even many primitive tribes in the world, especially the worship of boulders. Some huge rocks are not only places for pilgrims to atone, but also regarded as sacred stones by local villages. They are particularly grotesque and easy to create the illusion that there is a god in them. The unusual appearance of this stone and its utility in people's lives are often the reasons why ancestors worship it. Tibetans are taught by this religion that everything is animistic, and that even a small stone is spiritual, and spiritual objects must have the light of Buddha or be occupied by ghosts.

According to the summary of Tibetan archaeology, there was a megalithic culture in ancient Tibet, which was a primitive megalithic culture developed from the Neolithic tradition. It was believed that it entered the hinterland of Tibet from the northeastern Tibetan area around Qinghai Lake. There are many remains of this kind of stone worship in Tibetan areas, which can be divided into three forms: single stone, stone circle and stone pillar. For example, in Duoren, south of the Great Salt Lake in southern Tibet, 18 rows of stone pillars were discovered, east-west. There is also a martyr statue, with two concentric stone circles at the west end, three huge stones in the center of the stone circle, the larger one is 2.75 meters high, and an altar is set in front of the huge stones. There is also an arrow arranged with stones at the eastern end of the pillar. Similar boulders are all over Tibetan areas, such as the stone pillars in Pulan, Tibet; Gannan's "Long History"; The "Son of the Stone Bull" on the mountain is independent, tens of meters high, which makes the local Tibetans and Han people worship. In Tibetan areas, especially in Kangqu and some Amdo Tibetan areas, white stones are enshrined in roofs, lintels, window sills and the center of the land. Wherever gods are enshrined, there are their figures. They believe that white stone is the essence of snow-capped mountains and the patron saint of families, fields and crops; People also think that the huge white rocks that stand tall are the embodiment of the dragon lady and goddess. Manidui, which is spread all over Tibet's high mountains and valleys and beside the village road, is an outstanding performance and obvious heritage of Tibetan rock worship.

Manidui was originally called Manza, which means Datura. It is a pile of stones of different sizes full of aura, which is called "Duoben" in Tibetan. Another method is to carve words and images on stones or pebbles, featuring the colors and contents of Tibetan Buddhism, including Buddha, animal protector and six-character mantra that can never be read, and then pile them up into a long wall. This Mani wall is called Miandang in Tibetan. On auspicious days, people simmer mulberries, add stones to the Mani pile, touch them with their foreheads, pray silently, and then throw them on the pile. Over time, a lot of Mani piles have been built, and the more they are built, the higher they are. Every stone embodies the voice of believers. The appearance of Mani stone made these natural stones begin to be visualized. In the long historical process, a large number of Mani stone carvings have emerged in Tibet, and ordinary people can be seen everywhere. They are the pursuits, ideals, feelings and hopes of Tibetans carved on stones.

As the carrier of human social culture, stone has become a powerful witness to the inheritance and creation of social civilization with its immortal texture. Stones can not only make various production tools, attack wild animals and defend enemy weapons, but also build houses and cities, grind powder and dispense medicines. In some places, stones are used to build houses. A large number of stone tools, sarcophagus, stone mound tombs and stone pagodas found in cultural relics investigation can prove how unusual stones are for our ancestors. Tibetans cherish rare stones and regard "Rangjiong" (natural in Tibetan) stones as sacred objects, such as Buddha statues, Buddha eyes, Buddha footprints and so on. In addition, Tibetan headdresses and necklaces are mostly composed of coral stones, agate stones, fossils and various beautiful stones, which means the derivative forms of lingshi worship.

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