The characteristics and customs of Chaozhou Lantern Festival are in urgent need! ! !

Lantern Festival customs in various places

Lantern Festival is on the fifteenth day of the first month, commonly known as Lantern Festival. However, in many places, the lights were not only turned on on 15, but also turned off as early as 12, until 16.

Turn on the light, turn on the light

13, Tongzhou, Jiangsu called it "going to the light"; Dinghai, Zhejiang, is also the day when 18 starts to light up until sunset. In Luoyuan County, Fujian Province, since 13, lights have been hung in front of every household to compete with each other. From this day on, Hebei and Tianjin will hang a square glass lamp on the wall of their homes, with characters in the novels of the Three Kingdoms and the Water Margin painted on it; Yixing, Jiangsu Province also set up a wooden shed two days before this day, hung lanterns and tried the lights first.

On the 13th in Haifeng, Guangdong, the temples and ancestral halls were covered with lanterns, and the children beat gongs and drums, which was very lively. This is called "turning on the light". Ordinary people should also prepare a lot of tea for their relatives and neighbors to drink. Let's have a cup of tea. Even if the host doesn't invite you, you can go in if you like. The host will not be unwelcome.

In Dongguan, Guangdong, there is a custom that "the birthday of the lamp holder is to go home to pick up the children", that is, the birthday of the lamp holder is on the thirteenth day of the first month. All brides have to go back to their in-laws' house, saying that they went to their parents' house to "pick up the children" and went back to their in-laws' house. Families that gave birth to boys last year must light a paper lamp in front of gods and ancestors this year. From the second day to the thirteenth day of the first month, choose an auspicious day, hang an octagonal paper lamp between the ancestral hall and the shrine, and hang a pair of lotus lamps on both sides and at the gate. There is a small paper lamp engraved with patterns in front of the landlord, chef, well, bedside woman and land god in the streets and alleys. At high tide, they worship the gods. After the sacrifice, parents took a knife and scraped off a lamp flap. It's called "turning on the light".

In wengyuan county, Guangdong Province, a "Lantern Festival" will be held. The dates are predetermined, and some are on 13 or 14. On this day, every family that gave birth to a boy last year must prepare lanterns first. This lamp is made of bamboo, colored paper and decorated with court figures. Put an oil lamp in the middle of the paper lamp and hang it on the beam of zongzi with red rope. At the same time, beating gongs and drums and setting off firecrackers mean that the louder the "lamp", the more prosperous the "tripod". In addition, you have to buy many lamps, one of which is called "drum lamp", which must be given to the temple; One is called "Lotus Lantern", which is given to Guanyin. On this day, everyone will eat and drink, and the oil feast will be prepared by the family or clan that gave birth to the child. At the beginning of the toast, everyone will say Geely's eulogy: "Congratulations, have more children! Tianding! Tianding! "

Yangjiang, Guangdong "turned on the light" even earlier than the morning of the tenth day of the first month. Every family that gave birth to boys last year had to buy paper lanterns and hang them in ancestral temples or temples. Some families are afraid that their babies are difficult to raise, so they have to hang paper lanterns on trees or intersections at the same time. At home, a banquet is held to treat guests, which is called "please drink lightly" Ask the guests to sit down, give silver ornaments, sugar and persimmons to the newborn children.

Dragon lantern and lion lantern

It says that starting from 13, there will be lights in front of the door, on the wall, on the tree and beside the intersection. Also, since 13, the activities of dragon lanterns and lion lanterns have also been widely carried out.

The "dragon control" in Wuchang, Hubei Province lasted for three days from 13th to 15th. The length of the dragon lantern varies from a dozen knots to dozens of knots, and each knot ranges from three to four feet to five or six feet. In the past, the dragons in two villages had to entertain each other, that is, the dragons in A village went to B village for dinner, and all the men, women and children in that village followed, often eating more than a dozen tables a day. This is called "dragon for wine".

The Lantern Festival and Dragon Playing in Changsha, Hunan Province are even more wonderful. Lantern Festival lasts for five days from eleven to fifteen. Playing dragon lasts for eleven days, from the fifth to the fifteenth. Lantern Festival is a parade held by hundreds of people holding various lanterns in villages or cities. Playing with dragons, people holding "pearls" first lead dragons to open spaces, dance in a special way, and form dragons into auspicious characters such as "sign".

Dragon lanterns and lion lanterns in Chengdu, Sichuan came out as early as the ninth day of the first month. Dragon lanterns are divided into three types: dragon, double dragon and fire dragon. The Pendulum Dragon and the Ssangyong Dragon mostly play in the daytime, led by a gold ingot tied with HongLing in front. The fire dragon goes out at night, and there are meteors and fireballs in front to clear the way. The lion lantern comes out at night and during the day, and the laughing monk dances with the monkey.

Wanxian County, Sichuan Province also holds the Lantern Festival from the sixth day to the sixteenth day. Rich businessmen compete for beauty and all kinds of lanterns.

Fourteen test lights

There are many places where the Lantern Festival begins on the 14th day of the first month. For example, in some areas of Shanxi, the Lantern Festival begins on 14 and ends on 16.

Suiyuan will return to Suiyuan, and there will be a cage full of fire lamps from 14th to 16th.

Lintao, Gansu, Zichuan, Huimin and Chahar Huailai in Shandong, and put three-night lights around Shangyuan.

Henan, limited to 14, 15 and 16, is called the Lantern Festival.

In Jixian County, Henan Province, during these three days, memorial archways, Aoshan Mountain, lamp sheds, fireworks or Yangko Opera were set up everywhere.

Hebei Xinhe, starting from 14, was decorated with lanterns and colorful drums, and trees were lit on the road.

In Baoding, Hebei, the streets and alleys are also brightly lit, and there are more people playing with lions. Everyone is vying for it.

Scholars in Liangxiang and Wuqiao, Hebei Province, should visit the Confucian Temple, take the Yangqiao Bridge and set off fireworks.

Anhui Shouchun called the 14th, 15th and 16th days "Lantern Festival". Lights are brightly lit in front of the door, gongs and drums are loud in the court, and there is a "Lantern Festival". If you can't say this, it is a fire.

Fifteen positive lights

"Zhengguang" is the Lantern Festival. Changping, Beijing called 15 as "Lighting Day". Yongping, Hebei Province, also said that when the sun returns to Yuan, the thoroughfare is decorated with lights, which is called "positive lights".

In Jintan City, Jiangsu Province, Lantern Festival is decorated with lanterns, fireworks are set off, and "lights and drums" are played.

In Jinmen, Fujian, Shangyuan offered sacrifices to the gods. Children cut bamboo paper lanterns, put flowers and birds on them, and light them at midnight to see if the fire is red or black, so as to have a good year.

In Changshan, Zhejiang, all kinds of lanterns are hung in the village, or dragon lanterns are used to welcome guests.

In Huangpi, Hubei, every village has a Lantern Festival, with the words "good weather, peaceful country and people", "five winds and ten rains" and "colorful" written on the lanterns, followed by stilts, gongs and drums and dragon lanterns.

Jiangsu Suining, Shangyuan Lantern Festival, villages beat gongs and drums, cut the ribbon for lions, one holding the head and one wagging the tail, dancing everywhere. There are even people who stick gauze as dragons, light red candles in the middle, and more than a dozen people hold poles to meet dragons, marching in urban and rural areas, and the lights are like day.

Shanghai is more exciting. Just say a dragon lantern, which is 18 knots long. There are 36 handsome young people, dressed in colorful trousers and brocade, each with a lamp foot, who danced a lot of tricks in the sound of gongs and drums.

The long dragon in Guiyang, whose eyes are bigger than a bowl, must be three feet long and spit out a dragon's tongue. In front of the dragon, someone is holding a treasure and dancing up and down. This is called "the dragon grabs the treasure". When the dragon lantern passes by, it will set off a "clay platform flower", which is called "solitaire".

In Shaoxing, Zhejiang, besides making lights, fireworks are set off at dusk. There are three passes in a row, the golden basin makes the moon, and piercing the mouse.

The Lantern Festival in all parts of Taiwan Province Province is also very lively. Besides "playing with dragons" and "playing with lions", there is also the custom of "sticking out the lamp feet". On this night, women visit "midwives" more often, hoping that they will have a baby. There is a saying that "the footlights are on, throw them away; Pass the footlights and throw them out. " So they hung lanterns under their eaves and walked under them with lanterns, saying that they acted in this way. You can have a boy this year.

Girls take a fancy to Mr. Right and will invite his onions or wild vegetables on the Lantern Festival night. Men should go to bed very late in the Lantern Festival, saying that the later they say, the longer their life expectancy will be. Old people and old women also have the common belief of "listening to incense". They burn incense and worship before God, then throw lanterns, take cups and lanterns in directions, eavesdrop on passers-by or stand outside the human wall. When I heard the first sentence, I took it back to God and threw it to him, so I could be lucky for a year. Literati gather under the lamp, and everyone takes pictures of Hu Wen, which is called "lantern riddle".

In the northern part of Taiwan Province Province, on the night of Lantern Festival, everyone goes out to meet Vulcan. They put the Vulcan statue in a sedan chair without a roof, which was carried by two naked youths. Every household passes by and is greeted with paper cannons.

Golden dragon and silver beans make Yuanxiao.

During the Spring Festival or Lantern Festival, there are folk activities such as "Golden Dragon" and "Silver Fight" in Puzhai District, a famous hometown of overseas Chinese in Guangdong Province and the southwest border of Fengshun County, Taiwan Province Province.

The activities of burning "Jinlong" and "Yindou" in Puzhai District of Fengshun County began in the sixth year of Qing Qianlong (A.D. 174 1). According to legend, in ancient times, the 2 1 grandson of the Dragon King of the East China Sea was named Zhuolong, and he was sent by his grandfather to administer Chiling (it is said that it is now Puzhai District) under Lianhua Mountain in South Guangdong. After this dragon came to power, he ran amok, devoured the people and made a mess here. The crowd was fed up and sued the old dragon king. The dragon king ordered his youngest daughter to enjoy the cool, and Pei cut the dragon sword to drive Bu away from South Guangdong. One day, the turbid dragon was drunk, so he killed it and cut it into four sections: the dragon head, the dragon neck, the dragon body and the dragon tail. The breeze brought the chopped dragon head back to the Dragon Palace to report to the father, leaving the other three sections as the dragon body in Puzhai District of Fengshun County. Longjing (now Longjing Reservoir) at the junction of Jieyang, Jiexi and Fengshun counties, and Wei Long in Jieyang county. Later, people in Puzhai area skillfully handed down this touching folk story by burning "Golden Dragon" and "Silver Barrel".

Let's talk about burning "silver barrels" first. On the flat square, at night, there is only a deafening milling cannon. In the sound of gongs and drums, hundreds of young people waved torches, braved the cold and went shirtless. After being ignited by local elders, celebrities or overseas Chinese leaders and overseas Chinese sages, I saw countless small rockets shooting at the head of Yindou. The "silver bucket" suddenly changed greatly, showing a new look of "complacency", but it was colorful and dazzling in the fireworks. At this time, dazzling couplets floated down from the "silver bucket", which read "All the best for the Spring Festival (Lantern Festival)". When the "silver bucket" was burned to the highest floor, it showed a flower basket hanging high. At this time, rockets at all levels are also in full swing, and fire snakes, silver flowers and gold beads are everywhere. This is really like being in a strange flower.

When the "Silver Fight" program drew to a close, under the dark night, "Golden Dragon" appeared. Under the guidance of hydrangea, more than 20 burly young people hold dragon fire and dragons 5 meters high and 30 meters long, just like coming out of the fog. Among the firecrackers, fifty or sixty young people followed closely, holding "Little Dragon", "Golden Carp", "Lobster" and "Aoyu" in their hands, forming a magnificent team. Suddenly, Jinlong spit out colorful gold beads from his mouth, and colorful and radiant pearls suddenly appeared around the dragon body. Suddenly, Jinlong turned to vomit for beauty, and his posture and appearance became red, orange, yellow, green, blue and purple. The magnificent scenery on earth seems to have brought the audience into Penglai wonderland.

Chaoshan yuanxiao custom

In Chaoshan area, such as families with boys, lanterns have been hung in large-scale word halls in rural areas since the eleventh lunar month. The light curtain of wealthy families has four or five floors, and ordinary families have one or two floors. The contents of the lamp screen are mostly myths and legends and historical stories, such as the fairy giving away the child, Guo Ziyi's birthday, the peach blossom party, Fengyi Pavilion and so on. All kinds of characters on the screen are made of clay sculptures and various colors of cloth, with different shapes and lifelike. The account name is written on the red paper pasted under each light screen for people to watch and compare. From the day 1 1 hangs the lamp, it is called "lighting", which is actually "lighting". This means that the ceremony of the newborn boy (male) entering the clan also means wishing a bright future. All families who light lamps go to the ancestral temple to light lamps every night from the day they light lamps to the 18th.

On the Lantern Festival, a red light is hung in front of every household, indicating good luck. In rural areas, people organize lantern festivals, and all kinds of lanterns take part, with different shapes and exquisite appearance. Such as lotus lamp, plum blossom lamp, carp lamp, lantern lamp, landscape painting lamp, palace lamp and other styles, merged into a fire dragon, brilliant as day. As Ouyang Xiu, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, described "Last year's Lantern Festival, the flower market was as bright as day". In addition, dressed up on stilts, Chaozhou gongs and drums are very lively.

On the fifteenth day of the first month, Chaoshan also has the custom of "the bride leaves the ancestral temple". Rural newlyweds go to the ancestral temple to watch the lights at night. The bride was powdered in advance, wearing a red coat, a long skirt, a rockhopper and a beaded face. Ordinary people wear a "civilization hat" (tied in a half-moon shape with dyed feathers and colored velvet) and then use it for more than 20 feet. In the middle is a big flower HongLing tied on a "civilization hat". The red ribbon hangs from the sideburns to the feet, and she looks like a fairy in a red gown. Then the bridesmaids (one or two people) will accompany them to the ancestral hall to see the lights.

In the ancestral hall, the lights are bright and people are bustling, scrambling to see the lights and the bride. When the bride comes to the ancestral temple, the bridesmaid lights three candles first, so that the bride can bow down to her ancestors with top incense and pray for a child in the coming year. After the ancestor worship, the bridesmaid walked around the hall with the bride and looked at the lights screen by screen. Afterwards, the bride stepped out of the ancestral hall and stood in the ancestral hall to watch a play (Chao Opera) for people to watch. At this time, people flocked to watch, especially young men. You pushed me and squeezed me, eager to squeeze into the bride's eyes. The bride's going to the theatre was just a formality and didn't last long. Immediately, the bridesmaid escorted the bride home. This custom is called "the bride leaves the hall".

The next day, people who hang lanterns hold a banquet, and relatives and friends of Guangqing go to the banquet to celebrate their happiness, commonly known as "eating Ding wine".

18, the lantern hanging ceremony ended. When lanterns are lit, people take them home from temples to have another child next year, which is called "Xie Deng".

Stone carving Lantern Festival

Lantern Festival night, the ancient town has always had a lantern festival. In the evening, people in the streets roared with drums and paddled down to the window, decorated with lanterns and colorful lantern teams greeted the streets. Singing and dancing in the sound of gongs, drums, silk and bamboo, people watching lanterns flock from all directions and surround a stone city. It is really one of the most influential folk activities in the local area.

It is said that the Lantern Festival began in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty, with a history of 1200 years. It is characterized by the combination of static (decorated with lanterns) and dynamic (welcoming lights and swimming lights), which is similar to the previous Lantern Festival in the capital, but different. According to local chronicles such as Shaanxi-Sichuan Annals, bamboo sheds were picked from lanterns on the 13th to 18th day of the first month of the summer calendar. The Lantern Festival begins three days later, and two days later, the mysterious five nights are used as a sign of harvest. The procession of welcome lanterns starts with fireballs, followed by post torches, colorful flags, hard cards and orchestral music, followed by landscape flowers, birds and animals, insects, fish, bees and butterflies, pavilions and umbrellas, and finally ends with fireball hall. It's really "hip-hop, little Gu Xuan smells the morning". Another feature of the Lantern Festival is that colorful mass activities are held on the same night when lanterns are displayed. Some set off fireworks, called "Sai Yue Ming"; Also called "drip gold" to entertain guests. Some make Whelan, Plum, Chrysanthemum, Mulan, Narcissus, etc. with flaxen and iron filings, which shine like life and form a wonder. The relative angle is called "Saihua". Zhu, a famous poetess in the Song Dynasty, once wrote such a poem: "Last year, the Lantern Festival was like a day. In the morning, the willow tips meet after dusk. On the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month of this year, the moonlight and lights are still the same as last year. I didn't see it last year, tears wet my shirt sleeves. " Write about the feelings that women can't get when they pursue love freedom. Extremely sad and moved This shows that the Lantern Festival has a long history. The third and most important feature of the stone carving Lantern Festival is that the lanterns on display are famous for their embroidery patterns. Its unique artistic style is to carefully pierce various patterns on the lamp with a needle, or landscape flowers, or figures of birds, animals, insects and fish, or stories widely circulated among the people such as A Dream of Red Mansions, Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Water Margin, and then light candles or install electric lights in the lamp. Through the light of the needle, a beautiful and realistic three-dimensional painting is presented, which is magnificent and unusual. No wonder the predecessors praised it with the poem "The magical power of fire spreads the wonderful realm, if it is more beautiful than Dan Qingjue".

Among them, skeleton binding and needle work are the most important, especially wrist work is extremely deep. As long as a plan is not standardized, all previous efforts will be in vain. A complicated lantern handicraft often takes a year and a half, or even years to complete.

There are many kinds of lanterns with rich themes. People's lanterns include Zhong Kui catching ghosts, Liu Hai playing with wax and so on. Pavilions and pavilions include West Lake Terrace and Ling Meipei. There are also beaded umbrella lamps composed of 18 large drawings, such as thousands of flowers, which are not only famous all over the country. And famous all over the world.

Double lion ball game

Quanzhou lantern

The lanterns in Quanzhou, Fujian have a long history and unique local color. According to the records of Quanzhou Fuzhi, the ancient Quanzhou Lantern had a high level of craftsmanship, and the surrounding parts were decorated with tassels, and the inner drum sounded outside; Some lights have three floors and smell a few miles; You can say, shape, color and fragrance are all available, which is wonderful.

Among the lanterns in Quanzhou, the most peculiar one is the incense lantern. This kind of lamp is an octagonal palace lantern. Not only do its pendants, ridges, tassels, etc. all adopt the eight sides of Zhu Xiang, inlaid with the Eight Immortals made of fragrant soil, but there are also two large incense trays up and down. After lighting, the fragrance bursts, which is really antique. It is said that this kind of incense lantern was originally used in temples in southern Fujian, and later spread to the people and developed into a unique lantern in Quanzhou. Paper Lotus Lantern is an ancient traditional lamp in Quanzhou, and its petals are made of colored paper. Quanzhou custom Lantern Festival, the bride's family will give her newly married daughter and son-in-law a lotus lamp, a red one and a white one, mixed in the couple's bed. Nowadays, although Minnan people don't believe in this kind of divination, the custom of sending lotus lanterns on the Lantern Festival still remains, and the lanterns are made more chic and exquisite. Silk palace lantern is also a traditional lantern art in Quanzhou, which was later lost. After the founding of New China, it was excavated by the famous old paper cutter Li Yaobao. Incandescent lamps are attracted by transparent glass filaments, which are covered with all kinds of quaint carved paper patterns. The light forms a neon-like light through the folding ceremony of glass fiber, setting off a relief-like engraved paper pattern, which is amazing. Eight-knot lanterns full of local festive colors are also popular lanterns in Quanzhou. The folk festival custom in southern Fujian uses red rope to tie eight knots, which symbolizes auspiciousness. The eight-knot lantern is an imitation of this shape. On the basis of traditional eight-knot lanterns, Quanzhou people have now created bright red eight-knot lanterns. Its concept is very novel. Each of the eight knots is embedded with a delicate small round lamp called unity lamp.

Solve riddles on the lanterns and eating Yuanxiao.

The so-called "solve riddles on the lanterns" is a "riddle".

In Hongdong, Shanxi Province, literati travel to see lights and paste poems, hiding mystery, which is called "lighting". Jiading, Jiangsu, hangs Tibetan poems and gifts on the wall for others to guess. This "lantern riddle" is also called "bouncing wall". In Gaoyou, Jiangsu Province, there are all kinds of riddles circulating in Deng Jie society, and everyone guesses that they are called "shooting tigers". In Yizheng, Jiangsu Province, there is a Tibetan poem, and the winner is given a pen and ink fan, which is called "Lantern Festival". Hangzhou, Zhejiang is also a place where people can speculate on Tibetan poems and call them "solve riddles on the lanterns". Riddles are presented all over Guangdong to reward guessers, which is called "Lamp Letter". In Dengzhou, Shandong Province, lanterns are played in the street, and scholars gather together to guess, which is called "playing a one-legged tiger". It is also a lantern riddle, which is called by different places. There is a special food among the people during the Lantern Festival: Wujin, Jiangsu Province eats "sugar balls" as usual. In Ning Ke, Huzhou, Zhejiang, eating zongzi is called "Yuanxiao". Yongfeng, Jiangxi, made pills with rice flour, which is called "Shangyuanyuan". Huai 'an, Jiangsu Province is called "Tangyuan". Wuxi and Jingjiang in Jiangsu are called "reunion". In Jiangsu Huating, there was a feast that night, and everyone ate oil hammer pearls. Eat oil hammer powder balls in Dingzhou, Hebei Province. Xianning, Shaanxi is called "Eating Yuanxiao Yuan". Jiaozi, who ate that day, was called "Yuan Xiao" in Shenyang, Liaoning, Quzhou and Hebei. Huayang, Sichuan, make broken rice into balls. Also known as "sugar ring". The fifteenth day of the first month. Eating "Yuanxiao" on this day can be said to be a traditional food custom in all parts of China.

According to legend, in the Western Han Dynasty more than 2,000 years ago, and Chen Pingding's "Zhu Lu Rebellion", Emperor Wendi ascended the throne on the 15th day of the first month. Every year in the future, he will go out to play and celebrate "having fun with the people". Because "night" is also called "night" in the old saying, and the first month is also called January, Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty designated the fifteenth day of the first month as "Lantern Festival". Every night. The whole country will celebrate the Lantern Festival with lanterns and decorations. In the Song Dynasty, there was a kind of food that was very popular among the people. It is filled with all kinds of fruit bait, wrapped in timid rice flour and rolled into balls. When cooked, it tastes sweet and delicious. Zhu, a poetess, praised the poem "Rice" and said, "I'd rather have the head of a chicken than crab eye soup. This kind of dumpling floats in the spoon and sinks in the spoon, just as Zhou Bida described in the sequel to the Plain that "the stars twinkle in the dark clouds and the beads float in the turbid water", so it was originally named "Floating Zi Yuan" and later renamed "Yuanxiao Yuan". Quanzhou and Jinjiang were the first emperors. The making method of "Yuanxiao Yuan" is generally to knead the stuffing into round particles, then wet it, put it into glutinous rice flour and roll it several times until it is rolled to a suitable size. The stuffing is mainly fried and mashed peanuts, with sugar and sesame seeds, mixed with winter croissants and a small amount of fresh orange peel, which is sweet but not greasy, and is particularly popular. In the early years of the Republic of China, Yuan Shikai usurped the revolutionary achievements and became a great president. He is bent on being an "emperor" and is afraid of people's opposition. He is always on tenterhooks. Because "Yuan" is homophonic with "Yuan", "Xiao" and "Xiao", "Yuanxiao" is suspected of "Yuan Shikai's disappearance". He has a guilty conscience, and in 19 13, he ordered the Lantern Festival to change the name of "Yuanxiao" to "Tangyuan". After the fall of Yuan Shikai, the name of "Yuanxiao" was restored in most areas.

Celebrate the harvest year

Farmers on the Lantern Festival hope to have a good harvest in a year. Therefore, the custom of "burning field silkworms" was once popular in Linghu area of Xing Wu, Zhejiang. That night, everyone gathered at Shangyuanqiao with exquisite paper lanterns. Some people set off fireworks, others read praises and prayed for a bumper harvest of grain and sericulture this year. Farmers in Jiading, Jiangsu Province held high torches that night and shone all over the fields, calling them "silkworms shining on the fields". Tianjia in Wujin, Jiangsu, made a ten-foot-long torch with a bald broom, old hemp, bamboo branches and reeds and burned it in the field. This is called "according to Tian Cai" On this night, farmers in Chishui, Guizhou Province will hold the custom of driving away locusts and rats. The way is that children will light lamps and sticks, sing in the fields, then go home, throw them outside Chai Men and close the door. People in Ningbo, Zhejiang use bamboo poles to rush from the kitchen to the dormitory, and then from the dormitory to the door, which is called "catching snakes". In this way, snakes, insects, rats and so on can no longer appear.

In Chengdu, Sichuan, a tall shelf will be built with wood, and many paper ginkgo lanterns will be hung on it. It is said that this lamp can ward off evil spirits.

Yingzigu

On the Lantern Festival, girls have the custom of welcoming their children. Jianli, Hubei, and Guiyang, Hunan are also called "Yingzi Valley", which is to predict silkworm rearing or other things in the coming year. Yongding, Hebei Province, is called "Aunt Toilet". Suzhou, Jiangsu province said that "the girl who picks up the pit" is not allowed to participate by men. Wuxi, Jiangsu Province is called "Goddess of Sun Sacrifice". Xiamen, Fujian, is called "Sacrificing the Empress". Girls aged 5 to 16 prepare peanuts, cypress oranges, vegetable rice and chicken to sacrifice to her in the toilet. Each of them will make a small cloth shoe, burn it after the sacrifice, wrap the shoe ash with vegetables, and then throw it into the toilet for the queen to use. Shiping in Yunnan is called "Seven Girls". Please keep your words in mind when you invite her. Taoyuan, Henan invited six girls in front of the dunghill. Shaoxing, Zhejiang, said that "Miss Grey Ji" was invited. This is because the little girl went to the gray room of the stove, covered her with a woman's hat and invited her to the front of the hall. A chopstick was inserted in front of the pottery basket, and two girls hooked the pottery basket with their fingers in the air. Another little girl knelt down and asked Bu.

Falling lights and walking sickness

Changping, Beijing called 16 the "corner" day. On this day, there is a custom of "staying away from all diseases" everywhere. Shouchun, Anhui, Lin Yu, Datong, Shaanxi, Jiangning, Hebei, Chengdu, Jiangsu, Yuzhou, Sichuan, Chahar, both men and women are away from home, which is called "walking all diseases". When it comes to harmony between young and old, Yunnan still has to put incense on the roadside. Folk women in Jilin, one after another, walk flat or roll around, saying that they can "ward off evil spirits." In Wujin, Jiangsu, women go out at night and cross three bridges in the street. Tongzhou, Jiangsu Province will not be considered as "turning off the lights" until the 16th day of the first month. Yizheng, Jiangsu, Taixian "lights out" to eat noodles, and there is a saying that "lights are off." In Wuchang, Hubei Province, the Dragon Lantern Festival in the township gathered in the temple on this day, burning off both ends, leaving the dragon body until next year. Guangdong Yangjiang burning paper lamp. Put away all the New Year decorations. So the Lantern Festival was completely over.

Beijing Shangyuan Lantern Festival: Past and Present

Shangyuan Festival, commonly known as Lantern Festival, is an ancient traditional festival in China. During the Lantern Festival, every family eats Yuanxiao and watches lanterns. Shangyuan Lantern in Beijing has a long history. The 270-odd years from the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty to the June 7th Incident can be roughly divided into three stages. One is the "Dayuanxiao" in Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong Dynasties; The second is the "free lighting period" from Jiaqing to Guangxu; The third issue is "replacing candles with electricity".

During the Lantern Festival, couples call it "Gong Deng". "Great use", according to the "Historical Records" cloud: "The world is happy and drinks", that is, the emperor specially ordered the people of the world to get together and drink. Celebrate the festival. Chest lights can be divided into inner lights and outer lights. According to Fu Bi in Yaoxiang, in the 22nd year of Kangxi, in the first month of Guihai, the court promulgated 1200 barren owners. Set up a high platform in Houzaimen (now Di 'anmen) and order Liyuan to perform The Legend of Mulian. First, three weaving warehouses in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, Jiangning, made embroidered robes and jade belts, and the crown beads and scales were all made of gold and silver. Colorful lights burst day and night, which was called "big breasts" in ancient times. According to the above, the places for putting lights and acting now are outside the north wall of Jingshan Shouhuang Hall and Jingshan Back Street. At that time, there was a wild goose wing building on the street (it was demolished long ago, and the Ministry of Internal Affairs set up an "official stall" here. The emperor himself came to the stage to scatter money and put lanterns for the poor. Firecrackers stayed around the clock, showing the grand occasion at that time. This is an indoor light, which means to put the light in the inner city. According to "Qing Chao", "Yuan Jiusheng, the ugly man of Emperor Kangxi, ordered the South China Sea to light a lamp. Make the subjects look at it and imitate the meaning of drunkenness. " Nanhaizi is now Nanyuan. At that time, Xu Fangyuan was first set up outside Nanyuan's official residence, and the wooden stakes buried obliquely on the ground turned into red flags. Then, four fire boxes were set up inside, and eight poles were erected on the flat ground for officials, citizens, old people, men and women to watch. At the bottom of the palace lamp, there are five people in the palace: all of them are dressed in red and colorful, and each person carries two lanterns, each in his place. If there is no pearl lamp, it will be a spectacle.

During the period of free lighting, from the last year of Qianlong, the official lighting was changed to free lighting for businessmen on weekdays. The Qing Palace Lantern Festival was mostly held in Yuanmingyuan Mountain, sometimes in the palace or Beichun Park, which made the palace lanterns of the Kangxi Dynasty become a separate royal ornamental lamp in the court, and ordinary businessmen also put lanterns at will because of their rich life. Free lighting can be divided into four types: official lighting, field lighting, temple lighting and paving lighting. My officials installed lights at the entrance of every yamen in the Qing court. This kind of lamp was available in Kangxi, and the Qing government allocated special funds. From the early years of Jiaqing, the people changed from earmarking to donation, and then the government gave them a little subsidy. Every holiday, there are yamen holding books to donate money to various businesses and rich households.

Fierce fire, commonly known as "fireworks donors", is a powerful and pushy business in every street, colluding with some local ruffians and hooligans, asking for money from door to door, euphemistically called "box money", and using this money to buy a large number of fireworks. Detonated in a nearby square. From the twelfth night of the first month to the sixteenth of the first month, fireworks were set off all night in these five days. At this time, the crowd was crowded, some lost their children, some lost embroidered shoes, some were even crushed and trampled to death, and some hooligans took the opportunity to flirt with women. At that time, there were such fire meetings in Taiping Lake, Erlang Temple, Garden Palace, Houkeng and the open space of Northeast City. Temple lights were hung in temples at that time, such as the Capital City God Temple and the Capital Underground Palace in Xicheng. Lvgongtang and Erlang Temple in Dongcheng; The Town God Temple in Daxing County, the Fire Temple in the North City and the Guandi Temple are all famous. Before the change of Guangxu Gengzi, temples were closed one after another because of rising prices, high living expenses, heavy burden on the people and low income.

During the festival, all the shops hang lanterns and put off fireworks. This kind of lamp flourished in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, and it is a famous lamp in Beijing. For example, Jiangdian is famous for its ice lanterns and malt dragon lanterns. Shops selling lamp fans and gauze lamps have all kinds of official lamps, laurel lamps, character lamps and so on. Although major shops are also famous for yarn lanterns, the red horn light bulb hanging in front of the door is unique to this industry; The gauze lanterns in the Silk Satin Villa are carefully painted, including the Romance of the Three Kingdoms and The Journey to the West's A Dream of Red Mansions, which are quite similar to the current picture books. The period of replacing candles with electricity was from the Qing Xuan Tong period to before the July 7th Incident. During this period, there were only "temple lights" and "laying lights" every year. Temple lights are still Wanping Ancient City City God Temple, Baiyun Temple and Donghuamen. The lights in these three places are still the same. Lighting is mostly replaced by electric lights, especially in the "New World" and "South Garden" in the early years of the Republic of China, as well as the front gate Dashilan and Ertiao. All kinds of flowers and figures are painted with electric lights and main lamp holders. In the fifth year of the Republic of China (AD 19 16), flower boxes were added, which caused a sensation. After the July 7th Incident, lanterns gradually declined due to poor people's livelihood.

Now, due to the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the traditional Lantern Festival has not only been restored, but also developed.

Ta 'er Temple Lantern Festival

Ta 'er Temple is also called Ta 'er Temple, and it is called Miyamoto in Tibetan, which means 100,000 Buddha statues. It is one of the six famous temples of Gelug Sect of Lamaism in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It is located in lushaer town, Yuzhong County, Qinghai Province, only twenty or thirty kilometers away from the ancient city of Xining. According to Tibetan and Chinese historical documents. This is the birthplace of Zong Kaba, the founder of Gelug Sect of Lamaism. Zong Kaba was born in A.D. 1357. His real name is Rosanzaba. Zong Kaba is the honorific title of his disciples and followers, which means a man by the water. According to the historical records of Tibetan Buddhism and local legends, when Zong Kaba was born, a bodhi tree grew on it, and his biological mother built a small tower beside it. Another big tower was built in 1424. After Zong Kaba died in Lhasa in 14 19, his disciples and followers began to build temples here in the thirty-ninth year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 156 1 year). After hundreds of years of operation, it has developed into an ancient architectural complex with redundant buildings such as temples, pagodas and monasteries, covering an area of more than 600 hectares. The whole temple is built on a lush hillside, with the characteristics of superb combination of Tibetan and Chinese architectural arts. Entering the main hall, the 12.5-meter-high big silver tower stands face to face, covered with white Hada. The hall is dedicated to the shrine of Zong Kaba, which is about 10 feet high and made of pure gold. This is a rare treasure. 196 1 year, the State Council announced the Ta 'er Temple as one of the national key cultural relics protection units.

Ta 'er Temple is known as "butter sculpture lantern". Some people call this butter lamp "Ta 'er Temple Lamp", while others call it "Crispy Flower". The lantern festival in Ta 'er Temple is held on the 15th day of the first lunar month every year. This day is also the traditional Lantern Festival in China. On this night, thousands of farmers and herdsmen from Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu, Inner Mongolia and Qinghai enjoyed the famous butter sculpture and thousands of lanterns. Butter carving, also known as "Ba", is one of the "three wonders" of Ta 'er Temple (painting, embroidery, woodcut and oil carving). The butter is crystal clear and white. Soft and delicate ghee is matched with various pigments to form various wonderful flowers. Figures or other images are supported by wooden frames and displayed in front of the lecture hall. Oil painting sculpture is not only high in artistic level and unique in artistic style, but also large in scale and rich in content. There are exotic flowers and plants, rare birds and animals, vivid mountain and river patterns, small pavilions and historical figures adapted from Buddhist stories. These colorful butter sculptures and plastic sculptures, set off by the lights, are in harmony with the surrounding halls. The previous poem said, "The Lantern Festival is full of dharma, and Leng Yue is right. "