Historical issues

Cause: World economic crisis, Japanese society is severely paralyzed, and it is urgent to expand the chassis, find the origin and market of raw materials, and at the same time shift domestic attention to many social contradictions to foreign wars.

What happened: Japan gained a foothold in the mainland by invading the three northeastern provinces, and then launched an all-out war against China in 1937. By 1943, Japan had basically controlled East Asia and Southeast Asia, but it began to fall short because of insufficient troops and too long front. On the battlefield in China, China's * * * Producer Party led the soldiers and civilians in China to launch a heroic counterattack. After a strategic mistake, Japan became an enemy of the United States and lost most of its navy in the Battle of Midway, and it never recovered. 1945, the United States dropped two atomic bombs on Japan, and Japan officially announced its surrender.

Results: Japan was defeated, and the Allies, the Soviet Union, China and other East and Southeast Asian countries won the Anti-Japanese War. But both sides suffered heavy losses.

Main battles: Lugouqiao Battle, Shanghai Defence War, Pingxingguan Victory, Hundred Regiments War, etc.

Reasons for the victory of the Anti-Japanese War:

1。 The United States became powerful after World War I, and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression was the battlefield of World War II. America's joining and changing is just the right time.

The whole battle. That's all that matters. The United States made war money when it saw that other countries had almost fought.

After World War II, China became stronger.

2。 The mistakes of Japan and Germany. For example, Germany's mistakes in the Soviet battlefield, Japan's stupid attack on the United States, and the United States

The war provided an excuse.

3。 China's united front, ethnic cooperation and guerrilla warfare. But I think War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression would still be here without the participation of the United States.

It will take a long time.

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The evolution of Japanese culture can be divided into two stages: one is before the Meiji Restoration and the other is after the Meiji Restoration. Before the Meiji Restoration, Japanese culture absorbed elements of Confucian culture in China on the basis of its original Shinto. In the process of learning Confucian culture from China, the Japanese absorbed the values of "harmony" culture, that is, collectivism values. This cultural value requires swearing allegiance to the emperor in wartime, which is embodied in the bushido spirit of suicide by caesarean section; In peacetime, it is embodied in the practices of "lifelong employment system" and "annual merit sequence system" in Japanese enterprise management; Benevolence, the core concept and value of Confucian culture in China, has never been the most concerned issue of Japanese culture. China people stress benevolence, which is the foundation of being a man, while Japanese culture does not attach much importance to benevolence.

The collectivism value formed by the concept of "harmony" is a key to understand Japanese culture and national character, and the Japanese also call themselves "Yamato nation". This culture that emphasizes "harmony" rather than "benevolence" can effectively unite people's hearts and form a strong national cohesion; Its limitation lies in that the concept of "harmony" can only be used as a tool to realize the internal cohesion of cultural groups, and it cannot indicate the direction of cultural progress and development. Once this cultural direction is wrong, it will definitely cause great harm, whether it is for yourself or others. Japan's subsequent expansion of foreign military forces accelerated its self-destruction with the help of the so-called "Yamato Soul" and "Bushido", and it also committed heinous crimes against its neighbors. The cultural values of "harmony" are the core part of Japanese cultural structure.

What is the direction of Japanese culture?

During the Meiji Restoration, Japanese scholar Fukuzawa Yukichi found a new direction for Japanese culture-"leaving Asia and entering Europe", which had a fundamental impact on Japanese culture. This new direction is the cultural seed of Japan's later militarism.

Benevolence and harmony are two inseparable values in China's traditional Confucian culture. Pursuing the social situation of "harmony is precious" with the heart of "benevolence"; "Harmony" means to seek common ground in differences and achieve "harmony" in a "harmony" way. This pursuit of "peace" recognizes the differences between different cultures, so China people call this pursuit "peace". This view has always been the cultural principle of China's culture in dealing with the relationship between countries and cultures, and was later summarized by Premier Zhou Enlai as the diplomatic principle of "peace" to pursue a win-win situation.

Without learning the value of "benevolence" in China culture, there is no value standard in Japanese culture to guide it to live in peace with other cultures. The cultural meaning of Fukuzawa Yukichi's so-called "leaving Asia to enter Europe" is to quickly learn the cultural concepts of "beggar-thy-neighbor", "winner is king, loser is the enemy" and "zero-sum game" in western culture. This train of thought says: Either you die or I live. Without their own complete and mature endogenous cultural values, Japanese people can learn other cultures quickly without cultural burdens. Thanks to the support of collectivism values in Japanese culture, Japan has rapidly grown into an opponent that cannot be ignored in the competition with western individualism culture, and there has been a direct conflict. Americans, British and Dutch should have very strong feelings about this in World War II!

People say that the Japanese are good at learning other cultures, the essence of which is that the Japanese nation does not have its own original independent cultural value system. After reading Kenzaburo Oe's works on 1995, I got the following impression on Japanese culture: "Japanese things really can't be read, and their cries and groans are no different from cicadas' sobs in the autumn wind. In order to make people inferior to others to show their profundity and show sympathy, he said: You see, we Japanese also have the proliferation of existentialism, and spiritually we are him and my brothers. At any time, the Japanese nation can't get rid of the psychological struggle of an island country: either they are so humble that they regard themselves as ants, swallow things from other cultures from time to time in panic, and maintain their bodies that they can't make blood and have "cultural anemia" from time to time; Or the outbreak after repression, heading for destruction on the narrow road where cherry blossoms fall to the ground, and deceiving yourself with what to establish the glory circle of Greater East Asia. "Leaving Asia and Entering Europe" in the Meiji Restoration era was the beginning of Japan's "cherry blossom fate".

Where can a nation without its own independent culture have real national self-confidence and pride? All manifestations are the fearless arrogance and bravado of the ignorant. The most prominent manifestation of this cultural giant's fantasy is Japanese sumo: the result of fattening the duck alive, and its cultural connotation is nothing more than a piece of cloth used by the Japanese nation as a cultural dwarf to cover its crotch!

This is the essence of the so-called Japanese culture: "harmony without difference" makes Japanese society embrace children, and "leaving Asia and entering Europe" makes Japan absolutely opposed to the outside world. This is how a culture without the ability of self-reflection and self-correction appears, and its cultural "direction" is: "Don't cry until you see the coffin". Judging from the development track of Japanese culture, Japanese militarism is not the patent of a few Japanese. Its roots lie in Japanese culture, which is still the case today. This feature of Japanese culture directly determines its nationality and nationality! As China people, we must attach importance to it!

Why is Japan strong?

Since 1868 Meiji Restoration in Japan, Japan has rapidly evolved from a feudal society to a capitalist system. 1868- 1894, it took Japan 26 years to quickly change from a closed and introverted culture to an extroverted and enterprising culture: from 1894 Sino-Japanese War, to 1904 Russo-Japanese War ten years later, and to 65438+27 27 years later. Six years later 1937 invaded China in an all-round way, and four years later 194 1 attacked Pearl Harbor, and a full-scale war broke out with the United States, followed by an all-round invasion of Southeast Asian countries until 1945, when Japan was defeated.

In the 76 years from 1868- 1945, in the 26 years from 1868- 1894, and in the 50 years from 1895- 1945, the Japanese nation has been active. Some scholars have pointed out that war is the original accumulation source of Japan's rise in the past 130 years! In other words, the rise of Japan is stained with the blood of other nations!