Who can sue who? What are the three mysteries of the Qing Dynasty?

The funeral of the emperor has a very complicated process, and every step of the procedure has strict regulations and must be recorded in writing. If Shunzhi faked his illness and really became a monk, then the files and documents we saw today could not be without flaws. According to folklore and unofficial history's records, Shunzhi, the first emperor after entering the Qing Dynasty, did not die of smallpox at the age of 24, but fled the world in the name of death and became a monk in Wutai Mountain, Shanxi Province. He lived until the fiftieth year of Kangxi at the age of 74. It is said that Shunzhi became a monk because of the death of Dong Xiaowan, a famous prostitute who was robbed from Jiangnan and dedicated to him, which made him extremely sad and desperate. Because I dreamed that Princess Ai went to Wutai Mountain after her death, Shunzhi followed her to Wutai Mountain to practice Buddhism.

This statement is actually unreliable. Dong Xiaowan is a real person, but her husband is one of the "four sons of the late Ming Dynasty" who once made a name for himself. After Dong's death, he wrote an article "Memories of Ann" in the name of the room where Dong lived before his death, describing the detailed process of his redemption for Dong, his wandering life with Dong in the war and Dong's death. Some celebrities of Mao Bijiang's contemporaries also have the same records as Mao. According to Mao's account, Dong Xiaowan should be 13 years older than Shunzhi, and Dong died on the second day of the first month of Shunzhi's eighth year. Shunzhi was only 14 years old at that time. According to the rules of the Qing dynasty, he is not old enough to get married. So Dong Xiaowan is not Shunzhi's beloved princess. Based on this, the theory of Shunzhi becoming a monk obviously cannot be established.

The death of Shunzhi is directly recorded in two places in the archives of the First Archives. The Record of the Qing Ancestors 144, which records Shunzhi's life activities, records his activities a week before his death: On the first day of the first month of the eighteenth year of Shunzhi, the emperor shunzhi "ignored the DPRK" and was exempted from the courtesy of ministers. On the same day, he went to the ancestral temple to offer sacrifices, and also appointed officials to go instead of himself. The next day, Shunzhi was unwell. On the sixth day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar, officials are still sent to attend the ceremony of appreciating the temple that Shunzhi should attend in person. On the same day, the imperial edict pardoned all criminals in the capital except the "heinous" capital crime. On the seventh night, it fell in the hall of mental cultivation. At this time, it was only four months before Dong Efei died. Jade Death is a genealogy of the royal family in Qing Dynasty, and it also records the death of Shunzhi, which is exactly the same as Shi Lu. In addition, the First Archives also keeps a suicide note of Shunzhi, which is in line with the practice of repeatedly writing letters and blaming yourself when Shunzhi was in power. Shunzhi made a profound self-criticism again before he died. Among the 65,438+04 crimes he reviewed himself, 65,438+00 was for the funeral of Dong E Fei. "It is one of my sins to be magnanimous and not stop feeling with courtesy. Everything is too much. " Here, Princess Dong, who let Shunzhi ignore the etiquette and hold a funeral in excess of the standard, is not Dong Xiaowan, but the daughter of Manchu Minister E Shuo. This woman was elected as a female teacher at the age of 15 and was assigned to marry Shunzhi's half-brother, Baimu Bogor. Later, Shunzhi took a fancy to her, took her sister-in-law as his wife, and loved her in every way, so that after her death, Shunzhi was heartbroken and wanted to leave the country and become a monk.

The legendary Shunzhi monk is not completely groundless. According to the Manchu archives of the First Archives, when Shunzhi/Kloc-0 was 4 years old, he went out hunting and met a monk who had been practicing silently in a cave for 9 years. Shunzhi was so impressed with him that he specially built a "Wanfo Hall" for him in Beijing Xiyuan (now Zhongnanhai) for his self-cultivation. "Don't Mountain" is just a courtesy visit to the palace, and then drifted away and returned to his cave. This moved Shunzhi, and his thoughts gradually transcended the secular world, and he devoted himself to the Buddha and regarded the position of respecting the emperor as a fleeting cloud. The death of Dong E Fei was a great stimulus to Shunzhi. He was devastated and almost completely broke down. He was bent on escaping into an empty door and seeking liberation. He did not listen to dissuasion, saying that Buddha Sakyamuni and Dharma, the founder of Zen Buddhism, were all princes who gave up the throne. Determined to become a monk, infatuated with Buddha. Later, Yulin, the master of the monk Yan Xisen, shaved him? Threaten to burn Kuang Xisen to death. Persuade him in a targeted way. Your task is not to become a monk by yourself. Buddha needs you to protect Buddhism and temples on earth, which is more important and meaningful. Unless you are an emperor, you can't do it. This finally relieved Shunzhi, who continued to be emperor for two months, and then bid farewell to endless sorrow and troubles and died. Different from ordinary people, the funeral of emperors in feudal society has a very complicated process, in which every step of the procedure has strict regulations, and a written record, that is, a file, must be formed. Shunzhi was seriously ill and died. His body was laid, and the emperors and officials who succeeded him offered sacrifices more than once. The gods were only offered in Gan Qing Palace, and the ancestral temple was offered on an auspicious day in the ecliptic. His body was cremated, and the Treasure Palace was placed in a safe place and buried in the underground palace. Official archives all record the time, place, ceremony and personnel. Monks who were closely related to Shunzhi's past during their lifetime also made documentary memories in their works. Both parties confirm that the contents are exactly the same. If Shunzhi faked his death and really became a monk, he played a huge joke on the people all over the world. Official and folk records were fabricated according to Shunzhi's entrustment, it would never be perfect. As we can see today, there is no flaw in files and documents. Therefore, "Shunzhi becoming a monk" is just a happy ending that people choose for the sad love tragedy between the young emperor and the beloved princess.

Second, the Queen Mother gets married

"The Queen Mother Marries" is nothing more than a mockery of foreign conquerors with relatively backward culture by Han literati with advanced culture. The queen mother who is relished by people and marries her brother-in-law is Xiaozhuang Wen. That is, Huang taiji's wife, Dourgen's sister-in-law, Shunzhi's mother and Kangxi's grandmother. Legend has it that Xiao Zhuang condescended to marry his brother-in-law Dourgen, who was in charge of the state affairs at that time, in order to keep his son Shunzhi's throne. In some TV dramas and literary works, there are descriptions of Xiao Zhuang's mutual love with Dourgen before he married Huang Taiji. There are three main things based on this statement:

First, Xiaozhuang told her grandson, Emperor Kangxi, before she died that her mausoleum should be built in the Dongling of Zunhua, Hebei Province, Shunzhi, and she and Huang Taiji should not be buried in Shengjing Zhao Jing (now Shenyang). It is said that your grandfather Emperor Taizong has been in Fengan for a long time, so don't bother him any more. Besides, I can't bear to be too far away from your father and son. Therefore, Zhao Qianling in Xiaozhuang was built in Dongling, outside the geomantic wall surrounding the whole mausoleum area. According to folklore, this is because Xiaozhuang married her brother-in-law, ashamed to say goodbye to Huang Taiji, and surrounded her mausoleum on the gate outside the mausoleum wall, saying that it was to punish her for guarding the door for her children and grandchildren.

Second, after the Qing soldiers entered Shanhaiguan, the young the emperor shunzhi changed the name of Dourgen, who had distinguished himself and monopolized power. First, his uncle was regent, then his uncle was regent, and finally his father was regent. Obviously, he is an uncle. If he didn't marry his mother, how could he become the "imperial father"? Folk will naturally give birth to such associations.

Thirdly, it is said that when Xiaozhuang got married, he made an imperial edict and presented it to both domestic and overseas, and all officials held ceremonies to congratulate him. For this reason, does specially formulated special wedding etiquette, and bound it into six volumes in black and white. The Wedding of the Motherland was so organized that even Zhang Huangyan, the general of Nanming who insisted on the anti-Qing struggle on an island overseas in Zhejiang, knew the wedding of the Queen Mother. This incest is a natural way to laugh at the enemy. Here, the birthday gift for the queen mother became a wedding, and the birthday wine became a wedding banquet.

The above legends seem plausible, but they can't stand scrutiny.

Xiaozhuang/kloc-married Huang taiji at the age of 0/3 and lived with him 18 years later, Huang taiji died. As the Empress Dowager and Empress Dowager, Xiao Zhuang has nurtured and trained Emperor Shunzhi and Emperor Kangxi successively, and devoted great efforts to their politics and administration. The love between mother and child, especially between grandparents and grandchildren, is extremely deep. It is also reasonable to choose Dongling as your own grave, and you can't bear to leave your descendants too far away. As for her Zhao Qianling, it is placed outside the Feng Shui wall of Dongling, not inside the wall, which just shows that it is necessary to avoid cutting off the contact with Huang Taiji Zhaoling, echoing it from a distance. It should be said that it is a good arrangement to give consideration to both. Dourgen's title of "Emperor Tai Shang" has nothing to do with Xiaozhuang. From uncle to uncle, it was agreed after formal discussion at the suggestion of the minister. Moreover, the title of "Regent of the Emperor's Father" was established many years before the rumored Queen Mother got married 1, which is illogical in time.

In addition, the title of emperor's father is not necessarily the title of father. I saw in Manchu archives that Wu Yingdian, Manchu minister of Kangxi Dynasty, called Kangxi Emperor Tai Shang in Manchu memorial. After consulting Manchu experts in our library, I learned that "Tai Shang Huang" here is actually a kind of honorific title in Manchu customs, and the above-mentioned He Shixiang is not the son of Emperor Kangxi, so he may be a little older than Kangxi. As for Zhang Huangyan's poems, he is thousands of miles away, so it is difficult to research them. Imagine the wedding in those days. If the imperial edicts at home and abroad are widely circulated and the wedding ceremony is staged, how can there be no record in official documents and folk documents, but a lonely poem handed down from Zhang Huangyan? If the later rulers of the Qing Dynasty destroyed all the written records related to the whole world, then the records in the Record of the Li Dynasty of North Korea, a vassal country with close contacts with China at that time, would not disappear. However, there are no relevant words in the records of the Li Dynasty. "The Queen Mother Marries" is nothing more than a mockery of foreign conquerors with relatively backward culture by Han literati with advanced culture.

Third, Yongzheng succeeded to the throne

People don't understand the writing rules of royal documents, so it's difficult to make up the legend.

Yongzheng's succession to the throne, Shunzhi's becoming a monk and the marriage of the Empress Dowager are also three mysteries in the early Qing Dynasty, and they are also the most lively topics. After all, succession to the throne is much heavier than getting married. The most popular story is that Yongzheng lied about it, changed the "ten" of the "fourteen sons" in Kangxi's imperial edict to "Yu" and "four sons", and usurped the throne that should have belonged to the fourteenth brother. It is precisely this statement that cannot stand scrutiny. In Qing dynasty, the word "Huang" must be added before addressing the prince, such as the four sons of the emperor and the fourteen sons of the emperor. With such words, it is impossible to be sloppy in official documents, and it is impossible to miss the word "emperor" which is related to the lifeblood of the royal family in heirloom documents. Therefore, if Kangxi really wants to pass the throne to Yin Zhen, who ranks 14th, then the correct way to write it should be "Pass it on to the Fourteenth Son of the Emperor". In this case, changing the word "ten" to "Yu" becomes "passing it on to the four emperors", which is meaningless anyway. So this statement can't be established. There is another reason why it can't be established. The documents of the Qing dynasty, especially such important documents, were all combined by Manchu and Chinese, that is to say, they must be both Manchu and Chinese. Then, even if Chinese can be changed, Manchu can't be changed at all.

There is a suicide note in the file, which Daoguang gave to his son Yiyi. One in Manchu and one in Chinese. The original Chinese text is "the four sons of the emperor were appointed as the Crown Prince". Before he died, he wrote it again in Chinese: "The four sons of the Emperor crowned the Crown Prince". When the throne changes, the name of the successor changes, but the rules of writing imperial edicts are in the same strain. There is no word "succession" at all, and there is no way to call four sons and fourteen sons. People don't understand the writing rules of royal documents, so it's difficult to make up the legend.