How did Shanxi local opera develop?

Shanxi is China's "hometown of opera" and "cradle of opera", with a long history of local operas and various categories. Among the local operas in Shanxi, there are Pu Opera, Jin Opera, Beilu Bangzi and Shangdang Bangzi, which are also known as the "Four Great Bangzi in Shanxi".

Among them, Pu Opera, Jin Opera and Hokuriku Bangzi have the same roots and different branches, all of which are authentic with Bangzi voice, with a very broad mass base.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, musicians, singers and jugglers appeared in Jin State. Bai Opera was popular in Han Dynasty. By the middle of the Han Dynasty, opera worship activities in southern Shanxi became more popular. White Opera is not a drama, but it has already given birth to the embryo of China opera art.

From the Han Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, after more than 1000 years of gestation and evolution, China traditional opera gradually took shape. By the time of the Northern Song Dynasty, actors had appeared in some villages in southern Shanxi and southeastern Shanxi.

The gongs and drums in Wutai, Yingxian, Yin Shan, Ningwu, Shuoxian, Kelan and Wuzhai in the north of Shanxi, and the team operas in the eldest son and Pingshun in the southeast of Shanxi first spread in Linyi, Wanrong and Yuncheng in the southwest of the mountain, which had a far-reaching impact on the development of Shanxi drama.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, local operas with bangzi and random bombs as the main body prevailed in Shanxi. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, there was a record in the inscription that the Moon Building was rebuilt in Jixian County that "the boxer of Zhou Pu performed here for the first auspicious day".

/kloc-in the winter of 0/707, when Pingyang magistrate asked the dramatist Kong to compile "Fu Zhi of Pingyang", he watched various traditional folk cultural activities such as yangko, bamboo horse, Kunqu opera and random play on the Lantern Festival. He wrote in a random script:

Playing Ceng Bo and Cui Hua, there is not a song that is hard to believe.

My favorite is the small steps of Kwai Wa, and Handan is a wandering place.

The "random play" mentioned here is Zhou Pu Bangzi. At that time, Zhou Pu Bangzi had formed a unique performance form.