The leader of the Nian Army Uprising.

(? ~ 1863), also known as Zhang Luoxing, was born in Luoheji, Bozhou, Anhui Province (now Zhanglaojia, Guoyang County), and was the leader of Nian Army in his early years. 1852 was born in a family of landlords and gentry, and the famine in northern Anhui was serious. Zhang Lexing and Gong Deshu led more than 10,000 people to revolt and moved in the vast area at the junction of Sulu, Henan and Anhui. The momentum expanded rapidly, and many people all over the country rose up against it. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/855, leaders of various Nian armies gathered in Luohe (now Guoyang County, Anhui Province) and formed an alliance, pushing Zhang Le as the leader, known as "Big Man Wang Yong". Set up the Nian Army, establish the Huang Honglan White and Black Flag Army system, expand the team and be active. 1857, Zhang Lexing led the Nian Army to join forces with the troops of Chen Yucheng and Li Xiucheng of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and was named Cheng Tianyi, commander of the Northern Expedition, and later King of Wo. Fighting side by side with the Taiping Army greatly frightened the Qing government and sent Sheng Bao and Yuan Jiasan to suppress the Nian Army. 1863, Sang Linqin besieged the Luojie River, and the Nian army suffered heavy losses. Zhang Lexing was killed in Yimen, Yang Guo.

Zhang Zongyu (? ~? ) Luo Heji, a native of Bozhou, Anhui Province (now Zhanglaojia, Guoyang County), was the leader of the Nian Army. At the beginning, I took part in the Nian Army Uprising with my uncle and big fellow leader Zhang Lexing. Later, he moved to Jiangsu, Henan, Shaanxi, Hubei and Anhui, and was named monarch by Liang Wang of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. 1864, Lai Wenguang, king of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, reorganized the Nian Army, with cavalry as the main force and infantry as the cooperation, and made mobile operations. 1865, the whole army of the king of Horqin was wiped out, and the blockade of Zeng Guofan by the Xiang army was shattered. 1866, he led the Xi Nian army from Henan to Shaanxi to unite with the Huimin army. 1867 1 month, the Qing army was defeated in Xi 'an Baqiao. /kloc-in February, 2008, the Dongtan army led by Lai went south from northern Shaanxi, passed through Shanxi to Zhili, and pushed Tianjin, and went south to Shandong, surrounded by the Qing army. In August of the following year, he moved to Weihe River and his whereabouts were unknown.

Lai (1827 ~ 1868), a native of Guangxi, said that he grew up in western Guangdong, and "western Guangdong" here could not be understood as western Guangdong, because until modern times, the word "Guangdong" generally referred to Lingnan, while "eastern Guangdong" and "western Guangdong" referred to Guangxi. After the Republic of China, the geographical concept of "Guangdong" specifically refers to Guangdong Province), originally from Jiaying Prefecture (now Meizhou City) in Guangdong Province, and was the wife and brother of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom general and king Hong Xiuquan. 1864 After the fall of Tianjing, Lai merged Taiping Army with Nian Army and became one of the leaders of Nian Army. Later, the Nian Army split in two, and Lai became the leader of the Dong Nian Army. 1868 was captured and killed by the Qing army after the defeat. His sword is still preserved in Nanjing Taiping Heavenly Kingdom History Museum.

Hou Shiwei (? ~ 1858), also known as Shiwei, Shiwei and Shiwei, was born in Wuqiao Temple (present-day Yang Guo) in Bozhou, Anhui Province, and was the general flag bearer of the Red Flag of Nian Army. Relatives of Hou family live in Houlaoying, Houcaiyuan and Wuqiao Temple, which is called "Nine Miles and Eighteen Waits". Wei Shi is an honest and frank person, not a powerful person. At the end of Daoguang, Hou Shiwei often entrusted people to traffic in illicit salt because of his poor years. In the first month of the sixth year of Xianfeng, the various Nian armies assembled in Luohe and established the five-flag military system. Hou Shiwei was appointed as the chief flag bearer of the Red Flag. The red flag is the flag with the least number of people among the five flags of Nian Army. Often act together with the yellow flag of Zhang Lexing, so there is a saying that "yellow and red are indistinguishable". In the seventh year of Xianfeng, Zhang Lexing led the Nian Army to Huainan and joined forces with Taiping Army to fight against Qing Dynasty. Hou Shiwei stayed in Luohe and joined forces with the headquarters in Sharla Cheung, Huang Qi. Red Flag and Yellow Flag went on expeditions with Licheng, Zhao Haoran and other places in Shandong Province, and assisted the Ministry of Tourism of Sharla Cheung in managing the North Fair. In the eighth year of Xianfeng, the contradiction between Hou Shiwei and his cousin Hou Shizhong was intensified by borrowing money and the loss of a donkey. In addition, Hou Shiwei is determined to take revenge. Zhang Zheng Jiang is a subordinate of Zhang Minxing (Zhang Lexing's brother), the owner of the Yellow Flag, and has close ties with Zhang Minxing's father and son and Hou Shiwei. One day, Zhang Tang bullied Zhang, Zhang's attendant, and invited Hou Shiwei to Zhang's headquarters for deliberation in the name of Zhang. Hou Shiwei was convinced and led several followers to Zhangzhai. The entourage was lured out by Zhang Tang. When Hou Shiwei saw the difference, he fled to the second aisle and was stabbed to death by Hou Shizhong's son Hou Bubiao. Soon, Hou Shan, the son of Hou Shiwei, was also killed in Guadi. The feud between Zhang and Hou led to serious discord within the Red Flag, so it split into two parts. Hou Shiwei's soldiers tend to vote for the yellow flag to advocate the Zhengjiang department, and the other part is led by Hou Bubiao and merged into Zhang Min's department. Hou Shiwei's incident greatly weakened the combat effectiveness of Zhang Lexing's pro-army headquarters, so that it was later unable to stand alone and was defeated by the Qing army.

Gong Deshu (? -186 1), also known as merit. A native of Luohe (now Yang Guo) in Bozhou, Anhui Province, he was a general of Nian Army and a native of Baiqi, and was granted the title of Wang Yong by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. 1853 After the uprising in Luohe with Zhang Lexing, he led the White Flag Army to fight against Chen Yucheng and Li Xiucheng, and defeated the Qing army many times on the Anhui-Hubei border. 186 1 In the spring of, more than 100,000 people joined forces with Chen Yucheng, from Tongcheng to Huoshan and entered Hubei. After attacking the official documents of Governor Huguang and the Hu Linyi Department of Hubei Governor. On March 14, 2004, when more than 50,000 allied troops were fighting against Chengdaji Ministry of Qing Army in Songzi Pass of Luotian, he rode straight, was beheaded from the left by General Wang Mingtao of Chengdaji Ministry, and was later killed by gunfire.

Sun Kuixin (? ~ 186 1), a native of Jiangjiapo (now Lixin), Nanxiang, Mengcheng, Anhui Province, was the owner of the white flag of Nianjun. Sun Kuixin's family is poor, with only mother and son, and it is difficult to get enough food and clothing by begging for loans. Like martial arts, easy to make friends, Ren Xia is very brave. In the early years of Xianfeng, the hungry people in Bohai, Mongolia and other places revolted and rebelled. Sun Kuixin summoned hungry people to borrow food from the rich man in Zhongxing Store (now Ji Sun), only to be trapped by the Yong Tuan. On the way to Bozhou, I was saved by Gong Deshu and Liu Yuyuan and twisted my head. Since then, he rebelled, United with hundreds of poor people in his hometown, and set up the banner of "killing the rich and helping the poor" in Chudian. In the fifth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1855), all the Nian armies assembled in Luohe (now Guoyang County) and elected Zhang Le as the "leader of the Great Han", thus establishing a five-flag military system. Sun Kuixin is the owner of the white flag. In the sixth year of Xianfeng, the Qing army captured Roger, and Sun Kuixin went south with Zhang Lexing, crossed the Huaihe River and captured the Three Rivers. On March 3, 2007, Xianfeng besieged Huoqiu and joined forces with Taiping generals Li Xiucheng and Chen Yucheng outside Huoqiu to accept their leadership. In that year 10, Zhang Lexing was trapped in Zhengyangguan, and Sun Kuixin, Gong Deshu and Li Zhaoshou reinforced him, so Zhang Lexing was able to break through to Lu 'an. In June of the eighth year of Xianfeng, he attacked Huaiyuan and Dingyuan in the north, swept the Qing troops in Jianghuai and made repeated military exploits. Since then, he has been surrounded by the Qing army and Miao Qian 90. After the breakthrough, he disagreed with Zhang Lexing and returned to Huaibei to join forces with Liu Yuyuan, the black flag master. In September, Sun Kuixin, Liu Yuyuan and others led the troops into Shandong, and defeated Cao County and Wucheng. In March of the ninth year of Xianfeng, Sun Kuixin and Liu Tianfu fought in Yancheng and Wuyang in southern Henan, and defeated the Qing army in Beiwudu, killing Qiu Lianen, the company commander of Nanyang Town, and Fu Rui, the general of Shaanxi Province. In March of the tenth year of Xianfeng, Sun Kuixin, Liu Yuyuan, Jiang Tailing and Liu Tianfu fought against the Qing army at the border of Taikang and Zhecheng counties in Henan, beheading Wang Fengxiang, the company commander of northern Sichuan, and Wang Changqing, the deputy commander of Jingziguan. After that, he returned to Roger and then moved to Huainan. That summer, the allies attacked Li Zhaoshou and conquered Lai 'an. On the way home, they were trapped in Dingyuan by Yuan Jiasan. On September 26th, he was rescued by Taiping Army, and then went south to support Anqing Taiping Army. In September of the 11th year of Xianfeng, Anqing fell, and Sun Kuixin was defeated by the trailer river and went to Luzhou, where he was assassinated in Dashu Mountain (now the western suburb of Hefei).

Su Tianfu (? -1863) is a blessing. Yongcheng, Henan, owner of the black flag of Nian Army. I used to sell sheep and oil. He has run a flour mill and is a poor farmer and small trader. 1853, the Northern Expeditionary Army of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom hit Henan, and He arose and occupied Yongcheng. 1854, in Bozhou and Zhanglexing, Anhui Province, the Nian army was formed and the Twining Party Uprising was held, which controlled the vast rural areas and towns in Huaibei area. In Xiayi, he defeated Xu, the minister of Henan Province, and surrounded Zhu in Guide (now Shangqiu). 1855, all the Nian armies assembled in Luohe and held a meeting. He was promoted to one of the leaders of the Five Banners and served as the captain of the black flag, and was called "Shun Tianwang". The following year, Luohe set fell, followed Zhang Lexing south, and moved around Zhengyangguan and Sanhejian. 1857, led by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, was named "Li Tianhou". 186 1 year, with the Ministry of Luohe set. 1863, Luohe set fell again, and fought against Zhang Lexing against the Sanglinqin department of the Qing army. After the defeat, he was killed near Yimenji, Bozhou, Zhou Jiaying. Niu Hongsheng (? -1867), that is, Niuluohong. Cao market is in Bozhou (present) area of Anhui Province. In the early days of the Nian Army uprising, he led the Nian Army to fight against Miao. 1863 After the failure of the Nian Army uprising at the beginning of the year, Ren Huabang, Li Yuntai and others led their troops out of the Hubei-Henan-Anhui border region and joined forces with the Taiping Army and Lai in the northwest to become a powerful force of the Nian Army in the later period. 1864 was later named King Jing by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom for its meritorious military service. 1866, nian army was divided into two armies in Xuzhou, Henan province. He stayed in Dongnian Army and fought with Levin Kwong and other provinces in central China. The enemy once arrested his mother and sent her to Yingzhou prison to make people surrender, but he resolutely refused. 1867165438+10, he was killed in the battle with the Qing army in Rizhao, Shandong.

Ren Zhu (? -1867), a native of Mengcheng, Anhui Province, was a general of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and Dongnian Army, and Lai was named King Lu. 1864 After the fall of Tianjing, Lai merged Taiping Army with Nian Army. Later, the Nian Army split in two, and Lai became the leader of the Dong Nian Army. 1in April, 864, he moved to southern Henan and other places with Nian Army as the leader, joined forces with Hubei Taiping Army, and finally relied on "Wang Zun" as the leader and served as the deputy commander of Dongnian Army. 1865 moved to Shandong after taking office. /kloc-In May of 0/8, in the battle of Gaolouzhai (now Gaozhuangji) in Cao Zhou (now Heze), 7,000 soldiers of the Sengqin Sovereign Army were wiped out and the capital was shaken. Later, he went to Hubei. On the 15th day of the first month of 1867, the battle of Yinlong River in Anlu (now Jingshan, Hubei) was defeated by the Huai Army of Xiang Army. 1867165438+1October 19 The army went south (aiming at Suzhou) and met the Qing army in Ganyu, Jiangsu. Zhou Shengbo, the general of the Qing army, was seriously injured. When Liu Mingchuan was about to be defeated and captured, Ren Huabang was killed by his subordinate Pan Guisheng when victory was in sight. It is said that on the battlefield, Li Hongzhang watched Ren Huabang's martial arts with a telescope and praised Ren Huabang greatly. This man can command a hundred thousand cavalry! 】【 If you are willing to be my commander-in-chief, that is Qing Hongfu! ] Only to be heard by Liu Mingchuan Li beside him, Liu Sui vowed to cut it.

Lord yu zhang (? -1868), born in Luohe, Bozhou, Anhui Province (now Zhanglaojia, Guoyang County). His real name is Zhang Wuhai, and he is Zhang Lexing's nephew. After Le Xing's martyrdom, he was the "juvenile king" of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the youngest general in the Nian Army. 1866 When Qiu Nian Army split in Xuzhou (now Xuchang City), Henan Province, he was the general of Xi Nian Army after Zhang Zongyu. Zhang Zongyu is good at planning, and he is famous for being good at fighting. 1867, Xi Nianjun crossed the Yellow River and the ice bridge from Hukou, Yichuan, Shaanxi Province (located in the southeast of Yan 'an City). His leader crossed the Yellow River first, burned the enemy base on the other side and entered Shanxi. /kloc-0 died in Raoyin, Jizhong (located in the northeast of Shen County, Hebei Province) in March, 868. According to legend, in June 2006, Xi Nian Army was killed by stray bullets while fighting between Ma Jiahe and Tuhai River in the Shandong battlefield of Zhili (now Hebei).

Li Yuntai (? -1868), namely Li Yun, from Xiyang, Suzhou, Anhui. The blue flag-bearer of the Nian Army. 1857, Zhang Le led Nianjun to Huainan, and served as the garrison commander in Linhuai the following year. 1864 After the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, he led his troops to join forces and sealed Wang Wei. 1866 When the Nian Army split, he stayed in the East Nian Army to assist Wang Laiwen in mobile operations. 1868, Dongnian army collapsed in Yangzhou, led hundreds of people to "drag cloth to make a bridge", crossed the west bank of the canal in a hurry, and came from safety and eternity. After Xu Yi, it reached the Five Rivers, fell into the hands of Li Zhaoshou, a traitor of Taiping Army, and was killed by Han Ying, the governor of Anhui Province.