Japanese poetry

Japan's unique form of classical poetry, there is a "Harmony Song", said upstairs.

In addition, there is Liu Chuan, which is a satirical poem.

The most distinctive feature of Japanese culture is "haiku". You can link them separately:

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On Japanese Haiku

First, the origin of haiku

Haiku is a kind of Japanese classical short poem, which consists of 17 characters. It originated from two forms of Japanese poetry: Lian Ge and Nuo He.

Lian Fang is a kind of Japanese poetry that began in15th century. Couplets similar to China's modern poems are poems written by many writers. Its first sentence is a 17 tone of five, seven and five sentences, which is called a French sentence, and its threatening sentence is a 14 room of seven and seven sentences. After the third sentence and the fourth sentence, the first two sentences are repeated in turn, and the last sentence ends with seven sentences and seven sentences, which is called a conclusion sentence.

Love Song is an elegant classical poem. Lian Fang inherited the aesthetic consciousness of the Middle Ages, and his writing method was to quote classical stories to create poems. Later, Lian Ge was gradually replaced by a humorous poem called "Mi Xie".

Harmony, like Lian Fang, is a poem with seventeen tones and fourteen tones. But it satirized Brother Lian and added vulgar and fashionable jokes. Miho uses homophonic witticisms more, and likes to use the life-rich things that have not been used in Lian Fang as the theme.

In harmony, some people began to publish sentences as independent works. This is the origin of haiku.

Second, the format of haiku.

Haiku is a kind of poetry with a specific format. The creation of haiku must follow two basic rules:

First, haiku consists of five lines, seven lines and five lines, with a total of 17 letters. Of course, this is based on Japanese.

Second, there should be seasonal language in haiku. The so-called seasonal language refers to the seasonal language used to express the new year in spring, summer, autumn and winter. In seasonal languages, besides "summer rain" and "snow", there are also animal and plant names such as "cherry blossom" and "cicada". In addition, customs such as "lucky money" and "Yangchun noodles" are also widely used. These "seasonal theories" usually carry the nostalgia of modern Japanese for childhood or hometown.

Third, "Xi Sheng" Matsuo Bashō

When it comes to haiku, you have to mention Matsuo Bashō. Banana is called "Nuosheng" by the Japanese, and it has played a decisive role in the development of Japanese haiku.

Matsuo Bashō (1644— 1694) was a humorous poet in the edo period. The real name is General Manager Song Wei, and its aliases are Tao Qing, Boating Hall, Junyue Temple and Fengluo Room. Born in Ueno, Iga. At the age of ten, he became a loyal servant of Fujikura's family. Liang learned the harmony of the town gate in Beicun, so the banana is also very close to the town gate. Later, in Edo, Bajiao wrote "Talking about Lin Baiyun", which has a very obvious style of talking about forest harmony.

Based on the achievements of Zhenmen and Lin Tan, Octagonal Opera developed harmony into a kind of ordinary poem with high artistry and distinctive personality. He raised the haiku, which used to be mainly funny and had game elements, to a serious style of pursuing poetic artistic conception.

Bajiao's poetic style can be summed up in four words: "Jing Ya". Just like his famous sentence "Guchi", it is through the unique expressive force of idleness that the elegance and beauty of art are produced:

"By the lonely ancient pool, the frog jumped into the middle of the water and plopped down."

This haiku describes the moment when a frog jumped into an ancient pond. At this moment, the silence of Zhou Xian and the sound of frogs jumping into the pond were perfectly combined. Before the frog jumps, everything is calm, and after the frog jumps, everything will still be calm. On the surface, there is endless silence, but in the heart, there is a kind of life rhythm of nature, the infinite mystery of nature and the unparalleled passion of the author. There is a faint aftertaste and a quiet and mysterious artistic conception.

Let's watch a banana song "Sakura Appreciation":

"Cherry blossom petals fall on shredded pork and vegetable soup under the tree."

This haiku has an obvious flavor of life, but there is still idleness between the lines.

Banana also has a poem "Spring Rain" which is highly recommended by Akutagawa Ryunosuke:

"The spring rain flies along the grass path, and the eaves and walls are flourishing."

Fourth, have tea with Xie Wucun and Xiao Lin.

After bananas, the most famous haiku poets had tea with Xie Wucun and Kobayashi.

Xie Wucun (1716-1783) is a Japanese haiku poet and painter. I liked art when I was a teenager. Around the age of 20, he lost his family business, drifted to Edo, learned from his teacher and stayed in the midnight pavilion of the early Mayans, which attracted the attention of Edo Nuo altar. In the next ten years, I traveled around and devoted myself to learning painting. After becoming famous. He got married in 1757 and continued his harmonious creation. 1767, it broke the midnight pavilion and became the owner. He advocated the theory of "deviating from vulgarity", opposed the harmony of indulgence and vulgarity, and devoted himself to "returning to banana".

Wukun's haiku is good at observing natural scenery carefully and describing it from scratch. This style is famous for its magnificence.

The following are four haiku poems written by Wucun:

"The autumn wind is lonely, and the restaurant has fishermen." "The spring rain is falling, nourishing the small shells on the beach." "There are roses everywhere, just like the road in my hometown." "Spring has gone and the cherry blossoms are late."

Just like the second song above, Mao Mao's description of rain shells shows elegant beauty, which is what Wucun is good at.

Xiaolin Yicha (1763— 1827), whose real name is Yataro, was born in a peasant family in Baiyuan Village, Shuinei County, Nong Xin County. I began to learn harmony at the age of ten. Due to his turbulent experience, Yicha's haiku has its own distinctive style. Someone commented on him: "self-mockery is not optimistic, not world-weary, detached."

A tea farm has a famous haiku about hometown:

"Hometown, next to it, are all thorny flowers."

For my hometown, a cup of tea is nostalgia and dissatisfaction. This haiku expresses that kind of complicated mood.

A tea has a rough life, and his haiku often reveals a kind of loneliness and resentment against reality. Here are his three haiku:

"New Year's Day is lonely. I'm not the only bird without a nest." "Go home, Edo can't enjoy the cool." "Don't call the goose. From today, I am also a drifter. "

But a cup of tea is also simple and childish. One of his masterpieces, a haiku I missed when I was six years old:

"Come and play with me, sparrow without parents."

This simplicity and innocence are deeply expressed.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Masaoka Shiki

Masaoka Shiki (1867— 1902), whose real name is agreed, is from Ehime County. 189 1 winter, I began to edit the complete works of haiku classification. 1892 began to publish haiku in newspapers and put forward the innovative idea of haiku. Zi Gui thinks that the song of harmony lacks literary value, and advocates that the song of harmony should be independently written into a poem, named haiku, for future generations to use.

In Zigui's hands, haiku has really developed into the shortest poem of the Japanese nation.

"The grass in our court has sprouted again, and the infinite world will be green." "Xin Jiamu once asked the way and only heard the white clouds." "The ferry is coming in the spring rain, and the umbrella on board is high and low."

This is Zigui's three haiku, in which he has a unique grasp of nature.

Zi Gui has three unique poems, and the following haiku is one of them:

"A bucket of phlegm is in the throat, and melon juice is hard to solve."

The day after this haiku was written, Zigui died.

Six, no season haiku and free law haiku

Haiku without season, no matter its name, just don't use the seasonal language in Haiku. I remember a kind of tea with haiku and no seasonal language:

"Sammy is also a sin, let the chickens fight."

Free law haiku completely abandoned the form of haiku. Although it has not become the dominant haiku, it is better for us in China to write China haiku.

The author improvised some short sentences, which should be regarded as the law of freedom:

"In late autumn, tired birds are singing, and the sunset is red all over the mountain." "The moon is like a lover's touch, and the willow shadow is twisted." "Tired, lying on the grass, the clouds in the sky floated into my dream." "The person in the mirror is not me, just a strange face."

In Japan, the most popular writers of free law haiku belong to farming and mountain fires. Shantouhuo is a haiku poet from Fang Fucheng. He was born in a feudal landlord family in 1882. He is very interested in literature and shows great talent. He dropped out of school and went home because of illness. After that, his father went bankrupt and then he lost his wife and children. After losing everything, he became a monk and began a wandering life in Japan. Wherever he goes, he always writes haiku to think about nature and life. Therefore, he is called a wandering poet.

Here are some haiku of mountain fires:

"Sleep peacefully on the new green grass", "The morning sky is so clear and the faint clouds flow in the blue sky" and "The light of the sunset is so beautiful that I am walking carefully and have not wasted my time".

Seven, haiku and China's poetry.

There is a saying that haiku is formed because of quatrains in China's modern poetry. There was a chorus in medieval Japan, and the format of the chorus was five sentences and thirty-one tones. Later, due to the chorus of many people, long and short chorus appeared. Haiku originates from couplet, the first sentence of couplet, three sentences and seventeen tones. Brother Lian's threatening sentence is two sentences with fourteen tones. It adds up to exactly thirty-one There is an ancient saying in China that quatrains are half of regular poems, which is the so-called "absolutely, absolutely". Most ancient Japanese poets can write Chinese poems, so the formation of haiku is probably inspired by the relationship between quatrains and metrical poems.

Masaoka Shiki once said, "Haiku, Hege and China's poems are different in form, but have the same taste. Among them, haiku has many similarities with Chinese poetry, because haiku benefits from Chinese poetry. "

The artistic conception of haiku has more similarities with China's poems. The beauty of haiku is that it captures the sparkling scenery of nature, which corresponds to the poet's metaphysical dream and produces a sentimental single line and a unique Zen flavor, which will be frozen forever from that moment on. This Zen silence is often reflected in China's poems. For example, Wang Wei's poem: "Love is getting thinner, and Zen is getting silent." (Accidental Works), "Realizing the joy of silence once is more than enough in this life" (Repeating the Walking Monk in Busan).

Many Japanese haiku poets can write China's poems. There are also many haiku in China's China poems. For example, Bajiao's sentence: "The grass grows in summer, and the warriors leave dreams" is a quotation from Du Fu's poem "Although the country is broken, the mountains and rivers last forever, and the grass grows green in spring".