Quan Zhen Long School's Quan Zhen Chuan Jie

There is an old saying in China: "There is no Fiona Fang without rules." All walks of life, sects and religions have their own rules. For Taoism, this rule is a commandment.

The so-called precept is to solve, limit and stop. "The Great Righteousness of Lingbao in Cave Heaven and Xuanmen" says: It can solve the bondage of all evil, distinguish the boundary between good and evil, and prevent all evil. In fact, abstinence is prohibition, and the first priority is for Taoist priests to return to the truth. The naive emperor said: it is not good to call a Taoist priest, not a model of a Taoist priest; It's a real person, not a non-real person. Therefore, precepts are the rules and regulations of Taoism to restrain Taoist thoughts and behaviors and prevent "disgusting and evil desires" and "good words and bad deeds".

The so-called law is a rule that prohibits some improper behaviors of Taoist priests, and it is a means for Taoist priests to punish after breaking the precepts. The content is based on precepts, so Taoist priests must be familiar with the law in addition to observing the precepts.

If you have a commandment, you must give it. Taoism has a long history of giving and receiving precepts, and it has become a tradition of Taoism since it was handed down from my wife. The early Taoist precepts were simple, and the main purpose was to abstain from greed and keep quiet. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Shangqing School, Lingbao School and New Shi Tian Daoism drew lessons from some concepts in Confucian classics and some provisions in Buddhist precepts, and formulated such precepts as "three conversions", "five precepts", "eight precepts" and "ten precepts". Its content is basically the same as Buddhism except for the five precepts and eight precepts. The ten commandments include "don't violate parents' teachings", "don't kill", "don't rebel against the king", "don't commit adultery with flesh and blood", "don't slander Taoism" and "don't defile the static altar". Laojun Yier is a commandment of early Taoism, Shuo Ten Commandments and Si Wei Jing are the commandments of Qing Dynasty and Lingbao School, and Laojun 180 Commandments is a commandment of new Taoism.

With the rise of Taoism Quanzhen religion in the Southern Song Dynasty, a set of "lecture and discipline" system appeared in Taoism.

Taoism spread Buddhism in advance, and according to the ancient system, it was passed down from mouth to mouth. Liu Er didn't talk about it, the purpose was to prevent Buddhism from spreading to bandits, and the purpose was to become an immortal. The founder of Chongyang preached the Dharma to Qizhen, and passed it on from mouth to heart. The essence is the skill of accumulating virtue, practicing Dan Dharma, being quiet and staying in sight for a long time, and the specific requirements of observing norms and taboos as a Quanzhen Taoist, such as "Fifteen Theories on Chongyang Education" and "Table of the Ancestors of Chongyang Emperor"; Ma Danyang, the first of the seven truths, has the Truth of Danyang, and Qiu Zu has the Rules of Changchun Reality and the Articles of Changchun Reality. When Qiu Changchun was a teacher, Quanzhen taught by example, one branch was connected with another. As "The Origin of Taishang Legalist School" said: "It is no wonder that the five ancestors have had a heart-to-heart relationship in the past; Seven true religions, for Jing Xuanzong. Zhao Daojian, the first generation coach of Longmen, assisted Qiu Zu in leading the people to Chen Geng in the 17th year of Dayuan (1280) and awarded the first true precept in the first month. If you follow the law, teach the middle pole; If the wonderful virtue is not leaked, I will convey my heart and seal the immortal ring. If you practice for 30 years, your work will be complete. "Therefore, it is not easy to practice the whole truth precepts.

In the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, there were clear rules outside the precepts. Discipline is the code of conduct to guard against in advance, and Ming regulations are the punishment regulations for illegal monks. According to the severity of the mistakes made by Taoist priests, the Quanzhen Purity Rules collected in Orthodox Taoist Collectors and Collection of Taoist Collectors, as well as the Purity Rules formulated by Baiyun Temple in Beijing in the Qing Dynasty, were punished by kneeling on incense, urging monks to leave, turning out (expelling), beating with a stick (expelling with a stick) and cremation (executing) respectively.

Changyue Wang, the seventh-generation missionary, openly put forward and accepted all the commandments of truth. Changyue Wang wrote the first true commandment, which is called the "Three Commandments" together with the Commandment of the Central Tactics and the Great Commandment of the Immortals. Any Taoist who gets these three commandments from him must have a fasting period of 100 days. He arrived in Kyoto in the autumn of Shunzhi Yiwei (1655), preached the commandments in Baiyun Temple in Shen Bing in March (1656), and went to the altar three times to teach more than a thousand disciples, thus making the Quanzhen Commandment system famous all over the country. From the Qing Dynasty to the founding of New China, Baiyun Temple has preached 14 times, which was passed on to the twenty-first generation lawyer Chen. In addition, Erxian Temple in Chengdu, Sichuan Province and Taiqing Palace in Shenyang, Northeast China have both set up altars to preach precepts, and Quanzhen religion has spread all over the world and has continued to this day.

According to the tradition of Quanzhen school, the Taoist temple must first be the Shifang Jungle Palace. "Ten sides" means four sides, four corners, heaven and earth; "Jungle" originally refers to a dense and vigorous forest, which is a metaphor for a place where talents come forth in large numbers. Shifang Jungle Temple here refers to a Taoist temple with strict management norms and rules and regulations, which has become an inherent system and has the conditions and ability to hold large-scale religious activities. The property of the jungle palace has been public since ancient times, and the abbot Taoist is the master; Palace view is the place where all resident Taoist priests live and practice; The system of employing people is democratic election, employing people on merit; The staff of Jungle Palace Temple (resident Taoist) come from all directions, so they pay attention to democratic consultation and system management; Palace officials are not allowed to learn from each other, nor should they be commensurate with mentoring. The Taoist priests living in the temple are all disciples of the ancestor "Tai Shang Ye", so they are equal to each other. In the past, the elders of Baiyun Temple in Beijing were all called by their surnames, which means this.

The resident Taoist priests of Shifang Jungle Temple are all tourists from all over the country, so the temple was systematically managed from the beginning, which laid a standardized foundation for missionary work. According to the Taoist Quanzhen school, there should be permanent deacons (that is, heads of all aspects) in the Shifang Jungle Palace. Prisons are hereinafter referred to as "three capitals, five masters and eighteen heads", and there are also deacons, which have special names according to different situations. "three capitals": that is, everyone manages, talks and cooks; "Five masters": namely, the master of the temple, the master of the temple, the master of the classics, the master of literature and the master of tranquility; "Eighteen heads": warehouse head, farm head, hall head, hour head, drum head, door head, tea head, water head, fire head, rice head, vegetable head, warehouse head, grinding head, garden head, pot head, trough head and net head. Among them, the guest, residence, account, classics, code (point), hall and so-called "eight deacons" are the same in all permanent palaces in the country.

In the past, the Dojo that held the most preaching activities was Beijing Baiyun Temple. Up to now, there is a precious historical material, Legal System, which can only be provided by the abbot. Investigating its origin, Baiyunguan preachers have worked for 24 generations since Zhao Daojian, the first generation barrister in Yuan Dynasty.

The choice of abbot's lawyer is very important in preaching. The abbot should not only be knowledgeable and have good character, but also have merit, be able to handle affairs and serve the public. In the past, the abbot candidate must have received the "Three Commandments", and it is best to have received the "Tian Zi No.1" on the last altar.

After the abbot is selected, eight masters who cooperate with the abbot to preach the precepts should be hired: the altar master (who is responsible for supervising the precepts and forbidding them from violating the precepts), the witness master (who is responsible for explaining the classics and answering questions about the precepts) and the advocate master (who is responsible for guarding the precepts and abstaining from incense, and this division of labor is generally held by the jungle prison who opens the jar to preach the precepts). Fill in the true record), Master Tico (responsible for chanting and confessing and altar affairs), Master Inviter (responsible for presiding over large-scale Dojo and serving as a big official), and Master Corrector (responsible for correcting Buddhist precepts). It is particularly good to get a group of altar guards (responsible for protecting the order of the altar). In addition, there are Taoist priests (receiving the abbot's "Taoist value sign" every day, patrolling the prison and investigating the foul circle, generally sea patrol, prison patrol, patrol photos and so on. ) assist lawyers in preaching commandments. Under the guidance of the abbot, they carried out the spirit of "teaching by example" as teachers and arranged the specific procedures of missionary activities according to the teachings.

First of all, it should be reported to the competent government department for approval and registration, and the materials needed to preach the precepts should be prepared, including scriptures, bowls, slips and costumes. After the examination and approval is passed and the materials are fully prepared, the news of opening the altar and giving lectures can be sent to the ten monks. In ancient times, "when opening an altar, it was changed to a single registration, which was slightly different from place to place. There were Shang Yuan, Zhong Yuan, or Xia Yuan, which always depended on three yuan", but other auspicious days could be chosen to open the altar. In ancient times, the date of preaching was "or nine years, or three years, or about a year." "Chengdu Erxian 'an, from Guangxu Imperial concubine (1883), had an old lawyer named Hui, went to the altar of an old lawyer named Yunxigao in Baiyunguan, Kyoto, where he received three great precepts, and then returned to Sichuan. When he was five (1888) years old, he opened the altar to perform in the ring, once a year and performed five times in a row. " It can be seen that the duration of abstinence is not limited, and the purpose and effect are important.

At present, the ceremonies during the period of speaking precepts generally include raising flags, posting, opening an altar, fetching water, offering offerings, welcoming teachers, inviting saints, wishing generals, performing rituals, testing precepts, taking exams, chanting, confessing, going to the table, speaking precepts, teaching curtains, issuing precepts, thanking God and returning to the table. Now choose to explain as follows:

Yang Zan:

The preaching activity began with a grand "Yang Zan Yi Ke", aiming to swear to the gods of heaven and earth that the temple is about to open an altar to preach the precepts and ask for good care. Zhang Bang: The list shows the opening ceremony of a Taoist temple on a certain day of a certain month, who presided over the ceremony, what is the significance of the opening ceremony, and so on. Lag: This is what large-scale scientific instruments should start to do. Please sprinkle the altar with divine water and tell the gods with scientific instruments to ask for the protection of the ten altars. Welcome to the teacher: set up an altar, Taoist temple, and all the people and monks attending the altar welcome the abbot to the altar to preside over the lecture in the form of a grand ceremony. Ritual performance: The master performer is the main performer, demonstrating the rules and etiquette for all the precepts, as well as the use and holding methods of the instruments, precepts and crown clothes issued by the ring altar. Judgment: Before the master came to the altar, he faced all the commandments face to face, swore an oath against the rules, and asked the commandments one by one in class. Can all the commandments be kept? If you don't behave firmly, you can't pass the exam, and you can't stay in the ring and take part in the activities of preaching the precepts. Exam: The exam questions are preset by Tan Jie, and the main purpose is to assess literary talent. Through this procedure, the abbot and other masters can understand the temperament and ambition of the monk, so as to carry out the follow-up training of Taoist talents. At the end of the exam, rank according to the order of "thousands of words". Talking about precepts: The most important thing about precepts is "talking about precepts". The so-called teaching precepts is to teach preceptors the precepts and help them understand them. The abbot himself came to the altar and said. Passing the fast hall: it is also in line with the rules to arrange fast meals. At that time, the abbot, accompanied by the waiter, took the lead in entering the Zhaitang with the rhythm of the clock board. After following the abbot solemnly and orderly, the monks filed into their seats. There are procedures for delivering food and clothes, and etiquette for serving rice. In modern times, it is generally just shown to the ring as a kind of knowledge. In ancient times, the master of document correction would be punished when he found out that there was a slight mistake, and the lightest dealer would kneel down.

There are also many taboos during abstinence, among which "taboo e" is the most important thing to understand.

Taoism believes that anyone who burns incense and recites scriptures on June 5, builds a temple, and unites heaven with Cao Cao will be killed. There is no way to forgive anyone who knowingly commits a crime and hurts nine ancestors. If ordinary people don't obey the law, the crime can be reduced by three levels. However, Taoism burns incense on the fifth day, and metaphysics is the most important method. There is no explanation for committing the six or five taboos. Be careful! Six days, namely Wuzi, Wuyin, Chen Wu, Wuwu, Wushen and Wuxu, are called "Wu Ming". Reading old habits, practicing imperial classics, worshiping quiet struggle, and avoiding "dark e" The formula is: Zhengyang (doomsday), two dog (day), no shade in the morning of March and April, noon of Friday, six sons and seven chickens (day), circulation in August, nine snakes (day), ten pigs (day), eleven rabbits (day) and twelve cows (ugly day), weighing one thousand kilograms.

Jiezi experienced the "Three Commandments" of the first truth, the middle pole and the immortal. After listening to the abbot's sermon and sermon, his position has changed, and the abbot has become a "master of heaven-man induction". Traditionally, "heaven and man are the masters of law" can be regarded as "abbot lawyer" on behalf of heaven; The precepts after the "three precepts" are based on the provisions of the first true precept and the entry rules: those who are disciplined by heaven are called wonderful Taoist teachers; Those who are told by the middle pole are called the teachers of wonderful virtues; Those who accept the first real commandment are called wonderful practitioners; Those who quit the younger generation are called the same clothes; The seat of honor is called a teacher. Quanzhen Tan Jie is actually a special classroom for Quanzhen Taoists to learn precepts, knowledge, precepts and culture.

After being ordained, Quanzhen Taoist not only got the precepts, but also understood how to be a qualified Quanzhen Taoist. For every ordained believer, it will have a normative effect to demand his words and deeds according to the traditional Taoist norms. Therefore, it has a positive effect on the integration and standardization of Taoism as a whole, the establishment of image and the display of style.