19 why did the eunuchs in the song dynasty become the highest military commander in the country?

The reform of military leadership system in Song Dynasty was the main reason why eunuchs were able to lead troops. At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, the monarch learned the historical lessons of military commanders in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and adopted the military leadership system of using civilian officials to control soldiers. Because Song Taizu's ancestral motto "You don't have to be a southerner or a minister to be in charge of the army", the eunuchs in the early Northern Song Dynasty mainly served as military overseers and were responsible for spying on the coach. By the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, due to the indecision and cowardice of civil servants, the combat effectiveness of the army had been seriously affected. For example, Chen Zhizhong, a courtier in Song Renzong, was a special envoy of the Tang Dynasty, but he was at a loss in Yuan Hao's anti-Song movement. "The emperor can't be right." . In the Song Dynasty, the monarch didn't want to use military commanders to unify the army, so he began to play the role of eunuch as commander in chief in the army. In the Northern Song Shenzong Dynasty, eunuchs began to take to the stage and directly participated in the command of the army. In the late Northern Song Dynasty, there were many eunuchs besides Tong Guan, who was in charge of the national military and political affairs. Song Huizong's favor is the most important guarantee for Tong Guan's development. Tong Guan was charming by nature, and after he entered the palace, he could see through the emperor's mind, so he was favored by Hui Zong. Song Huizong set up a gold bureau in Hangzhou to collect antique calligraphy and painting, and put Tong Guan in charge. He tried his best to search for a large number of precious calligraphy and painting, thus gaining the favor of Song Huizong; He also made friends with imperial concubines and recruited hundreds of imperial officials. Officials and concubines who made friends with Tong Guan often sang praises for him in front of him, which made Tong's position more stable. The collusion between Tong Guan and Cai Jing in the Song Jiang Fang La Uprising was also an important condition for its development. When Tong Guan was in charge of the Ming and Qing Bureau in Hangzhou, he made friends with Cai Jing, who was good at calligraphy. Cai Jing's works continuously flowed into the palace through Tong Guan, and were appreciated by Song Huizong. Cai Jing was later taken seriously, and Tong Guan made a lot of efforts, and their relationship became increasingly close. The two colluded to exploit and oppress the people, and public resentment boiled, which was called the first of the "six thieves". Song folk songs say: "It's good to break a bucket (son) and splash food (Cai) on earth." Reflects the people's hatred of both. And Tong Guan has indeed accumulated a certain amount of military capital. 1 102, after Cai Jing became prime minister, he strongly advocated the capture of Qingtang (Xining, Qinghai) and recommended Tong Guan as the army supervisor. This time, the World War I was a great victory, and Tong Guan was promoted to the ambassador of Jingfu Temple and the observer of Xiangzhou. Since then, Tong's family has made contributions to other tribes in the Qing Dynasty, so his official position has been rising. Tong Guan was on the front line of the Northwest Anti-Summer War, hiding the news of defeat and soldiers' death, just for taking credit. Finally, he was promoted to the Third Division of Kaifu Instrument, which he had been longing for for for for a long time, signed a book in the Privy Council and became the supreme commander of the national army. Since then, Tong Guan led the troops to cruelly suppress the Fang La uprising and recover Yanyun land. In fact, it is a huge price to get six empty cities, and the rulers have to pay taxes for one million generations every year. Tong Guan dared to take credit, and was even named King Yang Guangjun. Through various efforts, the great eunuch Tong Guan finally became the highest military commander in the Song Dynasty, which is unique in the history of the Song Dynasty. 1 126 years, 8 Jin Army invaded south, and Tong Guan, who was on the front line of Taiyuan, was terrified, regardless of the safety of the whole city's soldiers and civilians, and fled back to Tokyo. Later, he refused to accept the imperial edict of New Song Qinzong ordering him to resist gold, and was finally executed by Song Qinzong in the form of "ten deadly sins". Tong Guan, a great eunuch, has been in control of the military power in the northwest and the whole country for twenty years, which has caused irreparable disadvantages to the military of the Song Dynasty and shouldered an unshirkable responsibility for the final national subjugation of the Northern Song Dynasty. There are many kinds of eunuchs in Song Dynasty. Let's look at Eunuch Sita first. It is recorded in the History of Song Dynasty that Taishi Bureau is the supervisor of Tiansi, Tiansi and Tiansi. "Water Margin" also records: "Recently, Pu Zou, the eunuch of Si Tian, observed the celestial phenomena at night, and countless stars entered Wu." In fact, in the Song Dynasty, a celestial observatory was set up to observe astronomy, set the time by using good luck and mistakes, make a new calendar in advance, and choose auspicious days on the ecliptic. The highest officer of this institution is Tiansi supervisor, also known as Tiansi eunuch. Here, "overseers" and "eunuchs" are common. "Water Margin" is undoubtedly the official title of the dynasty used by the Song people here. See "The Eunuch in the Army" again. According to the History of Song Dynasty, at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhao Shishang, an imperial envoy, was promoted to eunuch Baozhangge in order to reward the Yuan army and support the people's war of resistance. In the Song Dynasty, there was a military weapon supervisor who was responsible for the manufacture and storage of military weapons. The Military Equipment Supervision Bureau has placed special officials, such as the supervisor, the juvenile supervisor, the honesty officer, and the principal book. The military supervisor is its highest officer, also known as the military supervisor and the military eunuch. In fact, in the Song Dynasty, except imperial academy, the chief inspector of the central government, all other chief inspectors, such as Sidian, General Inspector, Shaofu, Military Equipment and Secretary Inspector, could be called "big inspectors" or "eunuchs". Finally, look at the "female officials and eunuchs" in the palace. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Sun's "Inner Official" recorded that a palace was set up and eunuchs were in charge. The "eunuch" here is the queen's palace official. She and the female official "go to the palace" to save trouble and manage, and both of them are called "Shangshu". Female eunuchs in Song Dynasty are similar to male eunuchs in Ming and Qing Dynasties, but they are quite different in gender.