Han Xin committed a crime, why kill him!

A wily rabbit dies, a running dog cooks, and all the birds are gone. Han Xin played for Gao Zhen and was not accepted by the world. He was a threat to the Han Dynasty, so Xiao He Lv Hou killed him. In fact, he is innocent! Just because the country is stable, there is no need for such threatening people. It is normal for the enemy to break and the adviser to die!

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Han Xin (? -Former 196), a native of Huaiyin (now southwest of Huaiyin, Jiangsu), was a founding hero of the Western Han Dynasty. China is a great strategist, strategist, commander-in-chief and military theorist in history.

Han Xin was born a commoner, and his personality was unrestrained and informal. He was not elected as an official, and he could not make a living in business. He often depends on others for a living, and many people hate him. After his mother died, Han Xin was too poor to pay for the funeral. However, he is looking for a high and spacious cemetery so that 10 thousand people can live peacefully around it.

Han Xin is idle in the rural Nanchang Tingchang's home. A few months later, he caused dissatisfaction with Tingchang's wife. He cooked a meal early in the morning and ate in bed. Han Xin will go at dinner time and won't prepare meals for him. Han Xin saw their intentions and broke up with Tingchang in a rage.

While Han Xin was fishing at the gate, many old women were washing silk floss. One of them saw that Han Xin was so hungry that he gave him food for dozens of days until the washing was finished. Han Xin said to the old lady, "I want to repay my mother." (Biography of Historical Records and Huaiyin Hou). The old woman was very angry and reprimanded Han Xin: "A gentleman can't eat for himself. I eat for my grandson. What do you expect? " (Historical Records Biography of Huaiyin Hou) means that a gentleman cannot stand on his own feet. I only feed you out of sympathy. Is it because I want to repay you?

There was a young man among the butchers in Huaiyin who wanted to insult Han Xin and said, "Although I grew up, I was good at wearing a sword, but I was afraid of my ears." ("The Biography of Han Xin in the Later Han Dynasty") and publicly insulted him: "If you can die, stab me; No, get out of your pants. " (The Biography of Han Han Xin) Han Xin stared at each other for a long time, bent down slowly and climbed out of the factory from under his crotch. People in the street laughed at Han Xin and thought he was a coward.

After Chen Sheng and Guangwu Uprising, Xiang Liang also crossed the Huaihe River northward. At this time, Han Xin went to Xiang Liang with his sword and stayed in the army, unknown. After Xiang Liang's defeat, he returned to Xiang Yu, who made him a doctor. Han Xin made many suggestions to Xiang Yu, but Xiang Yu refused to accept them. After Liu Bang entered Shu, Han Xin left Chu and returned to Korea. At that time, he was still an unknown small official in charge of the warehouse. Later, Han Xin sat down and beheaded. Thirteen people in the same case have been beheaded, and it will be Han Xin's turn soon. Han Xin looked up at Teng Gong Xia Houying and said, "If you don't want it, the world will be fine." What is a strong man! "("Historical Records Biography of Huaiyin Hou ") Xia Houying felt that this man's words were extraordinary. Seeing that he looked terrible, I let him go, talked with him, admired him, and advised Hanwang. Hanwang granted Han Xin the position of being in charge of expenses, but found nothing unusual about him.

Han Xin talked to Xiao He many times, and Xiao He appreciated him very much. Liu Bang was named Hanwang by Xiang Yu (in fact, he was pushed out to Hanzhong). From Chang 'an to Nanzheng, dozens of generals fled. Han Xin estimated that Xiao He and others had recommended themselves many times in front of Liu Bang, but Hanwang didn't want them and ran away. Xiao He heard that Han Xin had escaped and had no time to report to Liu Bang, so he went after Han Xin. Someone in the army reported to Hanwang that "the Prime Minister died." (Biography of Historical Records of Huaiyin Hou) Liu Bang was furious and lost his right hand. A day or two later, Xiao He came to see him. Angry and happy, Liu Bang scolded Xiao He for running away. Xiao He said that he didn't dare to run away, but just went after Han Xin who had run away. Liu bang also scolded that "all deaths are counted in units of ten, and there is nothing for the public to pursue;" Chasing letters and cheating. Xiao He said, "You will hear it easily." If you believe, no one can be like you. Wang Hui wants to grow up, so what is there to believe? People who want to conquer the world, not people who don't believe in anything and plan everything. Gu decided. "("Historical Records Biography of Huaiyin Hou ") Liu Bang said that he would also develop eastward. He didn't want to live in Hanzhong, but he must take the world. Xiao He said, "Wang Ji must want to travel eastward. He can use his letter and keep it. If you can't use it, the letter will eventually die. " (Biography of Historical Records of Huaiyin Hou) Liu Bang agreed to make Han Xin a general for Xiao He's sake, but Xiao He insisted on reusing him. Liu bang said that he could be a general. So Liu wanted to call Han Xin and appoint him. Xiao He said, "Wang Su is slow and rude. Today, he worships the general like a child's ear. That's why he went. The king will want to worship it, choose a good day, fast, set up an altar, be polite and admirable. " (Biography of Historical Records of Huaiyin Hou) Liu Bang agreed to Xiao He's request.

The generals were all very happy when they heard about it. Everyone thinks they have a chance to be elected to worship the general. When the general was worshipped, it was Han Xin, which surprised the whole army.

After Han Xin's visit, Liu asked Han Xin, What is the best way to defend our country? Han Xin asked, "Isn't it Xiang Yu who is competing with you eastward for the world? The king himself estimated that he was superior to Xiang Yu in bravery, tenacity and sophistication. " Liu Bang was silent for a long time, feeling that he was not as good as Wang Xiang. Han Xin bowed again in agreement and said, "Not only your Majesty, but even I think you are inferior to Wang Xiang. But I used to serve Wang Xiang. Please let me talk about Wang Xiang's character. When Wang Xiang flies into a rage, thousands of people will feel scared and weak, but he will not let go of appointing a wise general, which is just everyone's courage. Xiang Wang treats people with respect and kindness, and his language is gentle. Life is sick, sympathize with tears, and give them their own food and drink. But when his subordinates should be knighted for meritorious service, he will not give it to others even if he polishes the edges and corners of the official seal. This is a woman's nature. Although Wang Xiang dominated the world and made the vassals submit, he did not live in Guanzhong, but in Pengcheng, which violated the agreement of the righteous emperor and made his cronies and people he liked king. The princes were indignant at this. When the princes saw that Xiang Wang had expelled Yi Di from the south of the Yangtze River, they all went back to expel the original king and stood on their own two feet. Everywhere Xiang Yu's army went, it was ravaged and destroyed, so everyone held a grudge against him, and the people only reluctantly gave in under his arrogance. Although nominally the master of the world, but in essence has lost the hearts of the people, so the strength will soon weaken! Now, if the king can do the opposite and appoint the brave in the world, why worry that the enemy will not be destroyed! Give all the land in the world to the heroes, why worry that they will not submit! Lead a warrior who wants to go home, why worry about the enemy! In addition, Zhang Han, Dong Kun and Sima Xin, the king of Sanqin, were all generals of Qin and led his disciples for several years. Countless people died and fled, deceiving their generals to surrender to Xiang Yu. In Xin 'an, Xiang Yu cheated more than 200,000 people who died in the State of Qin. Except Zhang Han, Dong Kun and Sima Xin, all of them were hated by Qin people. Now Xiang Yu has made these three kings with great military strength, but the people of Qin don't support them. After entering Wuguan, he made no mistakes, abolished the harsh laws of Qin State and made three chapters with Qin people. Qin people all want to support you to be the king of Guanzhong. According to the agreement of the governors, Guanzhong should be king, and all the people in Guanzhong know it. But the king lost his due title and was arranged to be king in Hanzhong. All the people in Qin hated Wang Xiang. Now the king has set out to attack the territory of Dongsanqin, and he can be subdued at the command.

Liu bang was overjoyed and thought he was late. Han Xin's bidding, deployment will be ready to attack. Han Xin's remarks were actually to prepare for Liu Bang's crusade to seize the world.

In August of the first year of Han Dynasty (206 BC), Liu Bang, who was named as Hanwang, took advantage of Xiang Yu's attack on Tian Rongzhi in Tiqi (now most of Shandong Province) and made up his mind that Nanzheng (the capital of Han Dynasty, now east of Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province) would attack and capture Guanzhong (referring to the area west of Hanguguan), and the Chu-Han War broke out. With Han Xin as the general and Cao Can and Fan Kuai as pioneers, Liu Bang used plank roads (also known as "pavilion roads", "complex roads" and "overlapping pavilions") in Qinling Mountains. In ancient times, it was an important traffic artery in southwest China to dig holes and build bridges on steep cliffs in Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu and Yunnan provinces. Burned by the Han army, the king of Sanqin relaxed his paralysis, so he took the plan of building a plank road and secretly crossing their positions, and sent Fan Kuai and Zhou Bo to lead more than 10,000 troops to build the plank road with great fanfare, which attracted the attention of the king of Sanqin, and led his army to slip out of the old road and cross the plank road. Zhang Han rushed to rescue Chencang from the abandoned hill (Yongdu, now southeast of Xingping, Shaanxi) and was defeated by the Han army. Fled to the abandoned hill and Artemisia branch (now east of Ganxian County, Shaanxi Province), the Han army pursued separately, defeated Yong army again in the east (now southeast of Shaanxi Wugong) and Artemisia branch, and surrounded the remnants of Zhang Han in the abandoned hill. After that, they fought continuously, divided their forces slightly, quickly occupied most parts of Guanzhong, pacified the land of Sanqin, and won the first battle of Chu.

In the second year of the Han Dynasty (205 years ago), the Han army went through the customs and subdued Wei, Henan Wang Shenyang and Zhengchang successively, and Sima Yin surrendered to the Han Dynasty. Join forces with Qi Wang Tian Rong and Zhao Wang Xie to attack the State of Chu. From April to Pengcheng, the Han army was defeated and returned. Han Xin recovered the defeated army, joined forces with Hanwang in Xingyang, stopped Chu's pursuers, and defeated Chu's army between Beijing and Suo, which enabled the Han army to rally.

When Hanwang defeated Pengcheng, Sima Xin, the King of Sai, and Dong Kuang, the King of Zhai, rebelled and surrendered to Chu, as did Xie, the King of Qi and the King of Zhao. In June, after Wei returned to China on the grounds of visiting his mother, he blocked the river, cut off the retreat of the Han army, and rose up against Han and Chu. Hanwang sent Li Sheng to persuade Wei Bao. In August, Han Xin was appointed Prime Minister Zuo and led his troops to attack Wei. Wang Wei put heavy troops in Puban and blocked the river pass (the Yellow River Ferry was renamed Pujinguan after entering Jinguan). Han Xin deliberately set up more suspicious soldiers, displaying ships to cross the river for a pretence, while the ambush crossed the river from xia yang in wooden pots and barrels instead of boats, attacking Anyi, the capital of Wei. Wei was frightened and led his troops to meet Han Xin. Han Xin swept the board, captured Wei, pacified Wei, and changed Wei to Hedong County.

Liu Bang adopted Han Xin's suggestion, "Yan Zhao in the north, Qi in the east, Chu route for providing foodstuff in the south, and Chu Wang in Xingyang in the west" (The Biography of Han Han Xin). He insisted on fighting Chu head-on, and at the same time sent thirty thousand more troops to Han Xin, and ordered him to lead the army eastward and open up the northern battlefield. Hanwang sent Zhang Er and Han Xin to attack the prince of Zhao in the east and Chen Yu in the north, and captured Xia Xiang alive, saying that he was broken. In other words, Liu Bangjun, who fought against Chu in Xingyang, supported frontal battlefield operations with the captured elite soldiers as a supplement.

Han Xin and his tens of thousands of soldiers wanted to attack Zhao at Jingxingkou of Taihang Mountain. Cheng, Cheng, Cheng, Cheng fought the Han army at Jingxingkou. Guangwu Jun said, "Han Xin crossed the Xihe River, captured Wang Wei, captured Xia, and fought a bloody battle. Now that Zhang Er has joined us, the army is unstoppable. However, I heard that:' grain is transported thousands of miles, and foot soldiers are in danger of starvation; Don't chop wood and cook before dinner, the army won't have enough to eat! At this Jingxingkou, cars can't parallel and cavalry can't line up. If they March hundreds of miles, their food and grass will fall behind. I hope you can temporarily call me 30 thousand Indiana Jones, and I will cut off the trench of the Han army. You dig deep into the camp trench and raise the barracks wall. Before the Han army could not fight and retreat, my troops cut off the back road of the Han army, and there was no food to plunder in the wild. Within ten days, the heads of Han Xin and Zhang Er will be hung under your banner. I hope you can consider adopting my strategy, otherwise they will catch you. "

Scholars and Cheng think that the teacher of justice does not need intrigue, so he opposes saying: "Sun Tzu's art of war is ten times as great as the enemy's encirclement and twice as great as the enemy's engagement. Although Han Xin claimed to be tens of thousands of people, he actually came all the way to attack us. The soldiers were very tired, but we avoided fighting. If a more powerful enemy comes, how will we deal with it? The princes will definitely think that we are timid and will attack us easily. " Finally didn't listen to Li Zuoche's plan.

Han Xin sent someone to spy and was very happy to learn that Li Zuoche's plan had not been adopted. Boldly led the troops to come and settle down 30 miles away from Jingxingkou. In the middle of the night, two thousand hussars were chosen with red flags, and they came to the hillside from the path to hide in disguise, spying on Zhao's movements, and warning the soldiers that when Zhao saw our army attacking, it would definitely be their lair. You should take the opportunity to quickly rush into Zhao's camp, unplug Zhao Junqi and plug in the red flag of the Han army. At the same time, he ordered the lieutenant to tell everyone: "After defeating Zhao Jun today, we will have dinner together." The soldiers didn't believe anyone, so they had to pretend to believe it. Han Xin also called people to analyze, and Zhao had a favorable terrain. Before they see the general of the Han army in full swing, they will worry that we will retreat when we encounter obstacles and will not send troops to attack us easily. So Han Xin sent ten thousand people as the vanguard, last stand. Zhao saw the Han army posing as a unique formation that only entered and did not retreat, and everyone laughed. At dawn, Han Xin played the general banner, advocated etiquette, and drummed into the mouth of Jingxing. Zhao went out to meet him. After a short battle, Han Xin and Zhang Er abandoned their drums and cheated, and retreated into the riverside array. Zhao said, sure enough, they chased Han Xin and competed for the flag left by Korea. Han Xin, retreat to the river, the water army and Zhao at war, a life-and-death battle. Zhao can't beat them. At this moment, Han Xin sent two thousand hussars to chase the Han army with Zhao and them, and immediately rushed into Zhao's camp, pulled out Zhao's flag and erected the red flag of two thousand Han troops. Zhao was invincible for a long time and wanted to go back to camp. However, when he saw the red flags of the Han army everywhere in the camp, he was shocked and thought that the Han army had captured all Wang Zhao and his generals, so he ran away in the chaos. Although Zhao Jiang beheaded several people and tried to stop them, it was useless. At this time, the Han army was attacked on both sides and the Zhao army was defeated. Cheng was killed in Baishui (now Weihe River in Hebei Province) and Zhao Wangxie was captured alive.

Han Xin also ordered the army not to kill Li Zuoche, and anyone who can be taken alive will be rewarded with money. Soon, Guang was captured, and Han Xin personally came forward to untie him, so that Guang's face sat facing east and held a ceremony to accept disciples.

When Han Xin won a great victory, the generals all came to congratulate him and asked, "According to the art of war, the formation should be' right back to the mountain, left to arrive', but now General last stand also said that if we break the Zhao army, we will have food. At that time, we refused, but we won. What tactics is this? " Han Xin said: "This lies in the art of war, taking care of all the vassals. Didn't Sun Tzu's Art of War say,' If you are trapped and die, you will survive'? And I believe that I want to follow the scholar-officials. After the so-called "fighting to drive the city people", it is not despair. Everyone is fighting for themselves. Today, I will give it to my birthplace, and I will leave. I'd rather use it! " (The Biography of Hanshu Han Xin) People all sighed and admired Han Xin's skill of fighting.

Then Han Xin asked Li Zuoche about attacking Yan (Yan Zangcha, Duji, now Beijing) and cutting Qi. When he declined politely, the general said, "I heard that you can't be brave when you are defeated, and I dare not talk about politics. Now that I am a defeated soldier and a prisoner of national subjugation, where am I qualified to talk about state affairs with you? " Han Xin said, "I heard that when Priscilla was in the state of Yu, the state of Yu perished and the state of Qin dominated. This is not because he was stupid in Yuzhou, but because the monarch attached importance to him and adopted his advice. If Cheng He had listened to your plan, I Han Xin would be a prisoner now. I sincerely ask you, please don't refuse. " Guang said: "I heard that even a wise man with a long-term idea will have a loss;" A fool may give advice to a wise man. Therefore, even prisoners, saints can choose to adopt. However, I'm afraid my strategy is not worth adopting, but I'm still willing to offer my humble opinion. Although Cheng has a plan of winning every battle, he can miscalculate with one move and be defeated and killed. Now the general is involved in Xihe River and has captured Wang Bao of Wei. He captured Yu Xia and Jingxingkou in one fell swoop. In less than one morning, he defeated Zhao's 200,000 troops, making him a An Jun and famous all over the world. Make the enemy people put down their farm tools, stop working, eat and wear well, and listen attentively to the news that you ordered the March. These are all advantages. However, the soldiers are tired and the actual situation is very difficult to fight. Now, the general will lead the tired and hard-working foot soldiers to stop at the gates occupied by Yan State. If he wants to fight, he is afraid that if he drags on for too long, his physical strength will be exhausted and he will not be conquered. When the truth comes out, the weak Yan State refuses to surrender, and Qi State is bound to stick to the border and strive for self-improvement. Yan and Qi are at loggerheads, so Liu Bang and Xiang can't tell the outcome. This is the general's weakness I think the strategy of "attacking Yan in the north and cutting Qi in the east" is wrong. People who are good at fighting often use their own strengths to attack others' shortcomings. It is better for the general to stay put, rest his soldiers, settle the land of Zhao, pay for orphans, reward his soldiers with wine every day, and pose as an attack on Yan. Then send debaters to lobby Yan, fully show their advantages in front of Yan, so that they dare not disobey. After Yan surrendered, the debaters said that Yan surrendered to Korea, and Qi would return to the downwind. No matter how clever a person is, he doesn't know how to plan for Qi. In this way, world affairs will be easy. In the way of using troops, there has been a strategy of pre-emptive strike before actual action. "

Han Xin listened to Emperor Guangwu's plan and sent messengers to see Yan, who immediately surrendered. Han Xin also asked Zhang Er to be the king of Zhao to appease Zhao, and Liu Bang agreed to make Zhang Er the king of Zhao.

At this time, Chu sent troops across the Yellow River to attack Zhao, and Zhao Wang Zhang Er and Han Xin came to the rescue. On the March, he settled many cities in Zhao and sent troops to support Liu Bang. At that time, the State of Chu besieged Liu Bang in Xingyang, and Liu Bang fled to Wan and Ye, and entered with Ying Bu. The State of Chu soon besieged Liu Bang. In June of the third year of the Han Dynasty, Hanwang set out for the Yellow River. Zhao, who took him alone to practice martial arts in the army and claimed to be the special envoy of the Han Dynasty, came early in the morning. Before Zhang Er and Han Xin got up, Liu Bang went directly into his bedroom, seized their seals, summoned governors and mobilized their positions. When Zhang Er and Han Xin got up, they were shocked to learn that Hanwang was already here. Hanwang took two armies, ordered Zhao to be guarded, and appointed Han Xin as Zhao's envoy. Collect Zhao soldiers who were not transferred to Xingyang to attack Qi.

Han Xin led the troops to March to Qi, but didn't reach the plain ferry. He learned that Qi belonged to Han. Han Xin tried to stop it, but Kuai Tong, the debater of john young, advised Han Xin to say, "The general was ordered to attack Qi, and Hanwang only sent emissaries to persuade Qi to submit. Is there a decree to stop the attack? Besides, Li Sheng is just a lobbyist. With a golden tongue, he conquered more than 70 cities in Qi, and the general commanded tens of thousands of troops. It took more than a year to capture more than 50 cities in Zhao. General is not as good as Confucian scholars? " Han Xin listened to Kuai Tong and led his troops across the river to fight Qi. At this time, Qi had made up his mind to surrender to the Han, and his defense against the Han army was lax. Han Xin took the opportunity to attack the Qi army and fought all the way to Linzi. Tian Guang, King of Qi, was frightened. He thought Shi Li betrayed himself and boiled him to death. After the King of Qi fled to Gaomi, he sent someone to the State of Chu for help.

When Han Xin attacked Linzi, Xiang Yu heard the news and sent Long Qie to lead two hundred thousand military forces to join hands with Tian Guang, the king of Qi, to fight against Han. Someone came to offer Long Qie an idea: the expedition of the Han army is invincible, and the local fighters in Qi and Chu are easy to disperse. It is better to build a high base in a deep ditch and take defense as the attack. Surrender the city, the king of Qi can survive, and Chu can be saved. This will definitely make the Han army run out of food and lose without fighting. Long Qie despises Han Xin, who yearns for the meritorious military service. Without this plan, he led the troops and Han Xin army across the Weihe River (now Weihe River in Shandong Province). Han Xin sent people to make more than 10,000 bags overnight and filled them with sand, choking the Weihe River. Half of the troops waded into Longyou, and Longyou sent troops to meet them. Han Xin pretended to retreat. Longyou thought Han Xin was timid and led the army to cross the river. At this time, Han Xin ordered people to open the sandbags of the Weihe River, and the river was swift, but most of Long Qie's troops did not cross it. Han Xin stormed and killed Long Qie. The Qi-Chu allied forces on the east coast saw the troops on the west coast wiped out and fled everywhere. Han Xin led an army to cross the water in pursuit of Chengyang, and Chu soldiers were captured. Tian Guang, King of Qi, was killed shortly after he escaped. In the fourth year of the Han Dynasty (the first 203 years), all the land was settled.

Han Xin destroyed Wei, ran to Zhao, held the swallow, and settled the qi, one after another. After the State of Qi was pacified, he wrote to Liu Bang, saying, "The State of Qi is treacherous and changeable, and the south is adjacent to Chu. If an acting king is not established to rule, the situation will not be stable. I hope to be the agent of Wang Qi, which is beneficial to the situation. " At that time, Xiang Yu was tightly surrounding Liu Bang in Xingyang, and the situation was critical. Liu Bang was very angry when he read Han Xin's content. He cursed Han Xin for wanting to stand on his own feet and not save Xingyang. Sean and Chen Ping secretly stepped on Liu Bang's foot and said to him, "The Han army is at a disadvantage. How can Han Xin be forbidden to be king? It is better to take this opportunity to make him king, treat him well and let him defend himself, otherwise there may be chaos in the world. " After being reminded, Liu Bang understood and changed his mind to scold: "A gentleman decides a vassal, which is the ear of a true king. Why is it false!" (Historical Records Biography of Huaiyin Hou) So he sent Zhang Liangli Han Xin as the king of Qi and called troops to attack the Chu army.

The defeat of Qi and the death of Long Qie made Xiang Yu very frightened. He also sent Xu Wei to lobby Han Xin to unite against Han and Chu, so that the world would be king in three points. Han Xin refused to say, "I serve Wang Duonian, but the official is just a doctor. He is no match for a man with a halberd. No one listened to me, and no one used my plan, so I left Chu and went to Han. Hanwang Liu Bang allowed me to go to general print, let me lead tens of thousands of people, undress me, give me food, and listen to me. This is why I have achieved today. King Han is so close to me and trusts me. I will not have a good result if I betray him. I will never betray the Han people until I die. Please remember the kindness that Wang politely declined for me. "

After the failure of Wu's lobbying, Qi Kuai Tong knew that Han Xin had the key to the overall situation of the world, so he used physiognomy to convince Han Xin that although he was a courtier, he had the power to shake the Lord, which was world-famous and very dangerous. Han Xin was finally persuaded, but Han Xin hesitated and could not bear to betray Liu Bang. He didn't take Kuai Tong's advice because he thought that Liu Bang would not come to seize his own state of Qi.

In the fifth year of Emperor Wudi's reign (202 BC), Liu Bang was caught unprepared by Xiang Yu, and the Chu army was exhausted from hunger and suddenly launched a strategic pursuit of the Chu army. About Han Xin set out from Qi (present-day Shandong), and Peng Yue crossed the Chu army from Emperor Liang (present-day northeast Henan). In October of five years (the early Han Dynasty inherited the Qin system, and October was the beginning of the year), Han Xin failed to go south as scheduled. Liu Bang pursued the Chu army to Guling (now northwest of Huaiyang, Henan Province), and the Chu army fought back, and Liu Bang was defeated.

In order to mobilize Han Xin and Liu Bang obeyed Zhang Liangzhi's plan and appointed Chen (now Huaiyang, Henan Province) as the fief of Han Xin, the king of Qi, in the vast area east to the sea. It was named King Liang, and it was a fief from the north of Suiyang (now Shangqiu, Henan) to the old city (now Dongan, Shandong). Han Xin commanded the battle. Han and Peng Sui led the troops to attack Chu; Han Xin went south from the State of Qi and occupied Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu), the capital of Chu, and vast areas such as northern Jiangsu, northern Anhui and eastern Henan. The soldiers pointed directly at the rear of the Chu army, and Peng Yue also headed west from Liangli. Liu Jia, a general of the Han nationality, and Wang, a native of Jiujiang, went north from the father of Xiacheng (now the father of Bo County, Anhui Province); Liu Bang led Guling eastward, and the Han army surrounded the Chu army from the south, north and west. Xiang Yu was forced to retreat to Gaixia (now Lingbi South, Anhui, Huaiyang and Lu Yi, Henan).

Five years in December, Liu Bang, Han Xin, Liu Jia, Peng Yue, Ying Bu and other Han armies, with about 400,000 men, fought a decisive battle with 65438+ Wan Chujun in Gaixia. Han Xin led the army in the middle of the Han army, with General Kong as the left wing and Michael Chen as the right wing. Liu Bang led his troops to follow up, with General Zhou Bo as the rear guard. Han Xin defeated the attack, led the troops back, and ordered the left and right armies to continue the attack. Chu Jun attacked unfavorably, and Han Xin sent troops again. The Chu army was defeated, retreated into the barriers and stood firm, and was surrounded by the Han army. The Chu army was defeated many times and the soldiers were exhausted. Han Xin ordered the officers and men of the Han army to sing Chu songs at night. The song said: "All the people belong to Chu, and the world belongs to Liu; Han Xin Tungai, to behead the overlord's head "led to the homesickness and war-weariness of the foot soldiers of the Chu army, and the morale collapsed. Han Xin took advantage of the situation and the Chu army was defeated. Hundreds of troops were adowa, and Xiang Yu fled to Dongcheng and died. Liu Bang then returned to Dingtao, rushed into Han Xin's army, seized his relieving, and later renamed Han Xin as the King of Chu, and went to Pi (now the east of Pi County, Jiangsu Province).

When Han Xin arrived in the State of Chu, he summoned his wandering mother, who had brought him meals, and gave birth to a daughter. When it was Nanchang Tingchang's turn to go to the countryside, he only gave him 100 yuan and said, "You little man, you have to finish doing good things." He also called the boy who insulted himself, let him climb to his crotch, made him a lieutenant, and told the generals: "This is a strong man. Can't I kill him when he insults me? " Killing him won't make me successful, so I put up with it, and I have what I am today. "

After the defeat of Xiang Yu, his fugitive general Zhong Limei had a good relationship with Han Xin and went to Han Xin. Liu Bang hated Zhong Limei. When he heard that he was in Chu, he ordered the king of Chu to arrest him. At that time, when Han Xingang arrived in Chu, he sent troops to various counties, towns and cities to inspect and enter the customs. In the sixth year of Han Dynasty (20 1), Han Xin was accused of rebellion. Liu bang used the plan to say that the Emperor of Heaven would go out to inspect and meet the governors, and informed them to meet in Chen, saying, "I'm going to visit Yunmengze." Actually want to attack Han Xin, Han Xin didn't know. When Liu Bang was about to arrive in Chu, Han Xin planned to rebel, but he thought he was innocent. I want to see Liu Bang, but I'm afraid of being captured. At this time, someone suggested to Han Xin: "If you kill Zhong Limei and go to see Emperor Gaozu, Gaozu will be happy, so you don't have to worry about disaster." Han Xin and Zhong Limei discussed this matter, and Zhong Limei said, "Liu Bang didn't attack Chu because I was here. You want to catch me to please Liu Bang, I will die today, and then you Han Xin will die. It seems that you are not a noble person. " Zhong Limei committed suicide. Han Xin took Zhong Limei's head to see Liu Bang. Liu ordered the samurai to tie Han Xin up and put him in the auxiliary car behind the emperor. Han Xin said: "If people say,' A sly rabbit dies, a good dog lives; High birds are exhausted, good bows are hidden; Destroy the enemy and the counselor will die. "The world has decided, and I will be firm!" (Biography of Historical Records of Huaiyin Hou) Gaozu said, "Someone accused you of rebellion." Just holding Han Xin. Back in Luoyang, Han Xin was pardoned and renamed Huaiyin Hou.

After Han Xin was demoted to Huaiyin, he knew that the great-grandfather Liu Bang was afraid of his talents, so he often pretended to be ill, did not attend court meetings, and did not follow him. Han Xin became more and more resentful and unhappy at home. I am ashamed to be on an equal footing with Jiang Hou, Zhou Bo and Hou Ping. Once Han Xin visited Fan Kuai, Fan Kuai bowed down to greet him and said, "It is a great honor for your majesty to come to my home." After Han Xin went out, he smiled and said, "In this life, Fan Kuai and I are pillars of heaven!"

High-impedance Liu Bang often talks with Han Xin about the general's talent. Liu Bang asked, "Can I study geometry?" Han Xin said, "Your Majesty can only pay 100,000 yuan." Liu Bang asked, "What about Jun?" Han Xin said: "The more ministers, the better the ears." Liu Bang said with a smile, "The more the better, what's the use of my bird?" Han Xin said, "Your Majesty can't be a good general, but a good general. That's why you are a bird. Besides, your majesty's so-called gift is inhuman. " ("Historical Records Biography of Huaiyin Hou")

During the period of house arrest, Han Xin and Sean worked together to sort out the art books since the pre-Qin period and got 182 volumes. This is also the first large-scale arrangement of art books in the history of China, which laid a scientific foundation for the study of military art in China. At the same time, collect and supplement military laws. There are three articles about the art of war that have been lost.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Han Xin made Chen Yi the Chief of Julu and came to bid farewell to Han Xin. Han Xin resigned, took Chen Yi's hand and sighed, "Can you tell me your heart? I have something to tell you. " Chen Yi said that everything was subject to the general's orders. Han Xin said, "The place under your jurisdiction is the place where the elites of the world gather, and you are the favorite of your majesty's cronies. If someone says you are rebellious, your majesty won't believe it; " If someone accuses you of rebellion again, your majesty will be suspicious; If someone accuses you of rebellion for the third time, your majesty will be furious and lead the army to conquer it. If I work for you in Beijing, I can plan the whole world. "Chen Yi always knew Han Xin's talent, believed in his strategy, and said he would follow Han Xin's instructions.

In the tenth year of the Han Dynasty (BC 197), Chen Yi really rebelled. Liu personally led the troops to conquer, but Han Xin refused to go to war with Gao-zu, and secretly sent someone to contact Chen Si, asking Chen Si to rise from Beijing to coordinate. Han Xin and his ministers made a plan: they could release prisoners and slaves in the government through a false imperial edict at night, and then lead them to attack Lv Hou and the prince. The deployment has been decided, and we are waiting for news from Chen Yi. Just then, a doorman in Han Xin offended Han Xin, and Han Xin imprisoned him and prepared to kill him. The brothers told Lv Hou about Han Xin's rebellion. Lv Hou was going to call Han Xin, but fearing that Han Xin's henchmen would not submit, he consulted with Prime Minister Xiao He, pretending that someone had come from the emperor, saying that Chen Yi had been killed, and all his ministers came to the palace to congratulate him. Guo Xiang Jr. deceived Han Xin and said, "Although you are sick, congratulate yourself." Han Xin paid tribute to the court, and Lv Hou sent warriors to bind Han Xin and beheaded him in the bell room of Changle Palace, which was destroyed by the three clans. Han Xinlin said: "I didn't use the express plan, but I was cheated by a woman." Isn't it heaven! " (The Biography of Hanshu Han Xin)

Comments: Han Xin was familiar with the art of war and said that "many soldiers are good", which left many military allusions for later generations: building plank roads, secretly crossing Chen Cang, taking water as a camp, changing conscription, fighting halfway, being besieged on all sides, ambushing on all sides and so on. His military tactics have been highly praised by military strategists of past dynasties. As a strategist, Han Xin is the most outstanding general after Sun Wu and Bai Qi. His greatest feature is his flexible use of troops. He is the most skillful general in the history of China War. The battles of Jingxing and Weishui commanded by him are masterpieces in the history of war. As a strategist, his remarks when he met the generals became the fundamental strategy for the victory of the Chu-Han War. As a commander-in-chief, he led the army out of Chencang, ordered Sanqin, destroyed the generation, destroyed Zhao, lowered Yan, and cut Qi until the Chu army was destroyed. None of them lost, and the world dared not compete with it. As a military theorist, he and Sean compiled military books and wrote three articles about Sun Tzu's Art of War. However, no one is perfect. Han Xin made a serious mistake in politics, hesitated at several critical moments, and finally died at the hands of women. Later generations commented that Han Xin's "success or failure depends on two women", which is true. ㎜ Writing

Poems about Han Xin:

Liu Yuxi's Han Xin Temple

I will take the opportunity to lead the world, Huang Zhongshi sighed. Therefore, those who let future generations step onto the altar are all afraid of making meritorious deeds.