Music of Tuva people

Chu Er, also known as "Chu Er", is a traditional musical instrument of the Mongols, and it is also one of the "eighteen beats of Hu Jia" popular in the western regions in the Han Dynasty. The sound it blows out is deep, slow, melodious, beautiful and magical. Shaped like a flute with three holes on it, it is made by hollowing out and drilling the stem of a reed plant named "Mandala West". Xi Che's three holes can blow out five sounds and six sounds, which is very special. Its playing style is even less, it is to open its mouth and use the tip of its tongue to control the amount of air entering Chur. Playing two parts at the same time-the vibration of the larynx produces harmony, and the control of the tip of the tongue produces beautiful melody, which is very wonderful.

Chu Wuer is one of the folk musical instruments and a living fossil of China instrumental music. It can play five notes and six notes through three holes, which is the pride of China music. Yersi's music is functional, that is to say, his music is not for others, but a means for him to communicate with nature.

The old man Yersi is the only old man in Tuva, Kanas Lake who can make and play this instrument. He began to learn to play Chu Wuer at the age of 13. It takes seven years to master it completely. When the old man was alive, he wrote dozens of songs and arranged his own music. After the opening of the scenic spot, the old people often perform and play songs such as Beautiful Waves of Kanas Lake, Magnificent Altai Mountain, and Dark Horse Walking. His Chuwuer music is known to the world to a certain extent, and has been continuously improved with the expansion of Kanas scenic spot in recent five years.

In order to make this unique local folk music and culture continue to be passed down, the old man also worked hard to train his son to master the skills of playing this instrument. Unfortunately, after a period of study, his successor can only imitate it simply. Burqin County, where Tuwa people live in compact communities, also attaches great importance to the production and performance of grass flutes. In 2005, the Propaganda Department of the county party committee sorted out the music score of 18 played by the elderly in Erd, and mobilized the elderly in Erd to absorb eight Mongolian and Kazakh children to learn the skills of making and playing grass flutes.

From June 5438 to 10, 2005, Erd Xi Lao ren went to Beijing at the invitation of China National Folk Culture and Art Center and China Conservatory of Music, where he participated in a series of academic seminars specially held for Chuwuer, a traditional tuwa musical instrument. During this period, Erd West gave an academic research performance in China Conservatory of Music, one of the highest institutions of music in China, for more than three hours, which caused a sensation in the Beijing music industry and triggered the upsurge of Kuer research. CCTV produced a feature film for this purpose, with a view to promoting the ancient minority music.

From June 5438, 2006 to February 25, 2006, the old man Yersi was known as the living fossil of Tuva music because he could play the traditional Tuva musical instrument Chuwuer, which was on the verge of extinction.

He died peacefully at home at the age of 68 at about 10 in the afternoon due to advanced lung cancer. Humai is a kind of throat art, and the singer uses special vocal skills to sing two voices at the same time, forming a rare multi-voice form. Singers use breath-holding skills to make the breath violently impact the vocal cords, making a strong bubble sound and forming a bass. On this basis, skillfully adjust the oral * * * sound, strengthen and concentrate overtones, and sing transparent and clear high notes with metal sounds, thus obtaining extremely wonderful sound effects. In fact, Vitas, a popular Russian male singer and talented singer, is also a type of this kind of singing. Why do you say that? Because the rare treble of the metal plate shown by Humai and dolphin sounds belongs to overtones, it is not the sound made by the real vocal cords. The difference is that Humai uses bass to excite overtones; Dolphin sounds stimulate overtones with falsetto, which is difficult to distinguish between true and false. Also, the use of oral humming is just right. As Sun Guang, a critic of Dali Temple in Tang Dynasty, said, "The tones of many voices make the listener listen to only one of them. The ear has the Lord, the heart is emotional and harmonious with the heart. Of course, it was later. " Jin Chenggong Sui wrote: "This voice is true, so you don't need to borrow anything. Close to the body, be convinced and resist the gas. The moving lips are curved and the mouth is vocal. Touch the classroom, feel things, and sing along with the songs. Big but not heavy, thin but not heavy. Clear and strong in sheng, excellent in running and harmonious in harp. Mysterious enough to understand the spirit, subtle enough to measure the depth. Accept the sorrow of Chu and save the luxury of the North. Flood relief is due to inflammation and drought, and anti-hyperactivity is due to heavy yin. Singing leads to various changes and improper use of music. Happy and happy, sad and hidden. If it is scattered, it will be absolutely, and if it is generous, it will be generous. Xu Wan has an appointment, and the tour is good, which is complicated and exciting. Love can be reversed with thoughts, but the heart is sad but not hurt. The sum of the eight tones is true. " The description is very appropriate.

There is a strange saying about the appearance of Humai: when ancient ancestors were moving in the mountains, they saw branches of rivers, waterfalls falling, and the echoes of folk songs and valleys could be heard for dozens of miles, so they imitated and produced Humai. Humai is still circulating among the Mongolians in Altai mountain area of Xinjiang. Humai's repertoire is not particularly rich because of the limitation of special singing skills. Generally speaking, there are three kinds: one is to sing beautiful natural scenery, such as Ode to Altai Mountain and Ebu River; The second is to express and simulate the lovely images of wild animals, such as "cuckoo" and "black bear", and retain the musical remains of the pig hunting period in the mountains; The third is to praise the good horse grassland, such as the "four-year-old hippocampus". As far as its musical style is concerned, Humai is mainly short-tune music, but also sings some short-tune songs, and there are not many such tracks. Judging from the Humai legend and the theme of the track, the singing form of "throat sound" is the product of the ancient mountain hunting culture period. Humai should be regarded as a special vocal form according to the principle of vocalization. As mentioned earlier, the ancient Tuwa people, Mongols and other hunting peoples participated in hunting and war, and they all sang loudly before the battle. After the hunting was successful, they would vent their emotions and sing and dance enthusiastically. In the overwhelming conversation, the ethereal overtone effect naturally occurs. Obviously, people try to skillfully transplant several sounds or polyphony to a person. After long-term exploration, this peculiar vocal music form has finally been created. According to musicologists' research, Xiao, a singing art of northern grassland people recorded in many ancient books (including The Book of Songs) in China, is the prototype of Humai. In this way, its history can be traced back to at least 2300 years ago. If this inference holds, it will rewrite the history of world music from the basic part of the birthplace of human polyphonic music culture. It can be seen that China, which has always been regarded as the East of Polyphony Music, may actually be the mother and birthplace of Polyphony Music in Western Europe. Humai has been extinct in Inner Mongolia grassland 100 years, and it is also on the verge of extinction among Mongolians in Altai area of Xinjiang. Therefore, it is urgent to rescue, explore and develop this cultural heritage of the Chinese nation, which has immeasurable practical significance and far-reaching historical influence. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is the region with the largest population of Mongolians. It is our unshirkable responsibility to inherit the ancient, magical and superb Mongolian vocal music art of Hehong Square.

Fortunately, since the 1990s, people with lofty ideals in Inner Mongolia art circles have been learning Humai art through various channels, such as "please come in" and "go out", and made rapid progress. Among them, Qin Si Bi Lige, Zhang Zhaoxiang, Jiri Mutu, Bao Lidao and Bao Lida made outstanding performances. Since 1990s, they have been active in domestic and international music circles (visited Japan and Australia successively). Among them, Qin Si Biliger was hired to give lectures and demonstrate performances in the Central Music Center, and their audio and video recordings have been played in various academic seminars at home and abroad for many times.