Introduction to Singapore

I. Geographical location

Singapore is located in the south of Malay Peninsula. It is adjacent to Malaysia across the Johor Strait in the north and Indonesia across the Singapore Strait in the south. Located at the entrance and exit of Malacca Strait, the shipping artery between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. The whole territory of Singapore consists of Singapore Island and more than 50 small islands nearby. Singapore Island is rhombic, with an area of 560,000 square kilometers, accounting for 9 1.6% of the total area of China.

The island is relatively flat, with the highest elevation of 170 meters. It is the highest point in Singapore. There are some rivers on the island, such as Grange and Jurong, but the longest is only over 6 kilometers. There are more than 50 small islands off Singapore Island, among which Sentosa Island and Guiyu Island have become tourist attractions, and Dadeguang Island has developed into an important industrial site.

Singapore belongs to a typical tropical rainforest climate, with high temperature and rainy all the year round, with an average annual temperature of 24℃ ~ 27℃ and an average annual rainfall of 2400 mm. Singapore is rich in plant resources, with more than 2000 species found, among which rubber and coconut are crops with high economic value. The famous Hu Jihua (Orchid) is widely planted, and Jin Zhuo Bandai Orchid is the national flower of Singapore. Second, the climate is warm and humid, belonging to tropical climate, with summer all year round. The temperature remains between 24 and 32 degrees throughout the year.

Third, social diversity [population and nationality] Singapore's per capita living city.

Singapore is densely populated, with a population density of about 3,228 people per square kilometer. It is the smallest country with the largest population density in Southeast Asia. Singapore is a multi-ethnic country with 208 ethnic groups, and Malays are aborigines.

At present, there are mainly Chinese, Malays, Indians, Pakistanis and Bangladeshis, among which Chinese account for 76. 1%, Malays account for 15. 1%, and there are a few Arabs, Scots, Dutch, Afghans, Filipinos, Burmese and Eurasian.

[Language and Religion] Malay is the national language and English is the official language. The official languages are Chinese, Malay, Tamil and English. Malay, as a national language, is not popular all over the country. Singapore now promotes Chinese all over the country.

Religious beliefs in Singapore are very complicated, and all the major religions in the world have followers here. According to traditional habits, most Chinese believe in Buddhism or Taoism, and a few believe in Catholicism or Christianity; People of Malay and Pakistani descent basically believe in Islam, while people of Indian descent believe in Hinduism.

[Folklore] Most people in China observe the customs of their ancestors. On New Year's Eve, they celebrate the New Year and worship God on the first day of the New Year. No festival has to meet the gods, perform or catch up with the temple fair; Eat brown seeds on Dragon Boat Festival; Eat moon cakes on Mid-Autumn Festival. The biggest festival for Malays is fasting. Women of Indian descent have sandalwood red spots on their foreheads, while men wear leucorrhea. Most people greet each other with folded hands and take off their shoes when they meet. Social activities and diet are only left-handed, cows are sacred, and beef is not eaten.

Every year during the Lantern Festival (generally from June 10 to June10), candles and oil lamps are lit around every household's house to welcome the patron saint and the lucky goddess. On this day, Hindus will clean houses and settle accounts and personal grievances for one year. People of all ethnic groups in China should choose auspicious days for their weddings. A fashionable China bride presented a small porcelain teacup to her parents at the wedding. When the in-laws take the cup from the bride, it means that the bride has been accepted by the family.

Almost the whole village was invited to attend the Malay wedding. When the guests left, they all held a boiled egg in their hands, indicating the meaning of having many children. Indian weddings are held in temples, with religious hymns and prayers, which are very solemn. The bride was wrapped in a silk covered with jewels, and her husband knelt in front of her and quietly put a ring on her toe.

The climax of the wedding is that when the bride wears a heavy wreath made of jasmine and orchid, the guests throw petals at the couple to complete the grand wedding ceremony in the fragrant flowers.

Fourth, the economy. In 1950s, Singapore was basically an entrepot, with poor living conditions and high unemployment rate.

After independence, the government adhered to the free economic policy, vigorously absorbed foreign investment and developed diversified economy. After 30 years of development, Singapore's economy has achieved remarkable growth: the average growth rate was 8.4% in the 1960s, 9.4% in the 1970s and 8.2% in the 1980s.

1984 "escape sequence" appeared in the second half of the year, and the economy declined rapidly. The economy fully recovered from 65438 to 0987. 1988 is the highest economic growth rate since 15 years, reaching 1 1%, 9.2% in 1989 and 8.3% in 1990. 1990 per capita GNP increased from1S $330 (US$ 440) in 1960 to S $21S $658 (US$ 2,300), ranking second in Asia. By1May 1992, the foreign exchange reserves stood at S $60.5 billion (about US$ 38 billion).

Sustained economic growth "makes Singapore a vibrant industrial, commercial and service center in Southeast Asia". Industry is dominated by manufacturing, and electronics, oil refining and shipbuilding are the three pillars of manufacturing. It has fixed assets of S $22 billion, with foreign investment accounting for 65%. High-tech industries have developed rapidly. In the past 10 years, the number of high-tech professionals has increased by 12 times. The output value of 1989 has reached US$ 630 million, which is 7 times higher than that of 1980.

The electronic and electrical industry is the most important part, accounting for 38.6% of the total manufacturing output value in 1989. Now Singapore has become a major producer of computer disks and integrated circuits in the world. 199 1 There are more than 6000 large and medium-sized computers in the middle. Followed by the oil refining industry, Singapore is the third largest oil refining center in the world after Houston in the United States and Rotterdam in the Netherlands, with a daily oil refining capacity of 165438+ 10,000 barrels, and more than 90% of petroleum products are exported.

Shipbuilding includes ship repair, shipbuilding and oil rig construction. It is the largest ship repair base east of Suez Canal and west of Japan, and it is also the oil rig repair center second only to the United States. In addition to manufacturing, there are textile, transportation equipment, construction and other industries. Industrial exports account for 50% of Singapore's total foreign exchange earnings.

Agriculture accounts for less than 1% of the national economy, mainly including gardening, poultry raising and aquatic products. Agriculture has 9500 hectares of arable land, accounting for 9.5% of the country's land area. All the grain is imported. [Tourism] One of the main sources of foreign exchange, 65,438+0,990 came to Singapore for sightseeing, with a total of 5,322,900 person-times, and the foreign exchange income exceeded S $5 billion.

Transportation is the largest entrepot in the Asia-Pacific region, which is used by 150 shipping companies from more than 80 countries. 1989 There were 36,000 ships calling at Singapore Port, with a cargo throughput of 390 million tons. Singapore is an aviation center connecting Europe, Asia and Oceania, with routes reaching 53 countries and 10 1 city. Changi Airport is the largest airport. The total length of the highway is 2600 kilometers. There is only one main railway line that runs through the country from south to north.

[Finance] 1990 balance of payments surplus189.8 billion US dollars, no foreign debt, and it is a net lender. New Zealand is an international financial center and one of the Asian dollar market centers. 1988 * * * commercial banks 134, including foreign banks 12. In addition to commercial banks, financial institutions such as securities banks, finance companies, discount companies, financial leasing companies and international financial exchanges have been newly established. 1990 in the first three quarters, the financial industry increased by 24.6% compared with the same period 1989.

Foreign trade is an important pillar of the new national economy. The main imported products are crude oil, machinery and equipment, industrial raw materials and food, and the main exported products are petroleum, chemical products, electronic appliances and textiles. The main re-export products are rubber, wood and oil drilling equipment. The United States, Japan, Malaysia and Western Europe are major trading partners.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) Singapore, the capital of Singapore and China.

National political, economic and cultural center. Also known as Lion City, Sin Chew, Sing Tao and Shibu. In the heart of Singapore, English-style buildings stand on both sides of the office street in the middle of the bay. Heluo Road and Caowudao Road are basically new residential areas. Shops, restaurants and shopping centers are all in Urumqi.

There are many tall buildings in the city, and there are tall buildings everywhere. The tallest 72-story building is the tallest building in Southeast Asia at present. Singapore's streets are clean, trees are shaded, flowers are everywhere and the environment is very beautiful. The whole city is like a magnificent garden. There are many factories and enterprises in Singapore, which is the commercial and financial center of Singapore.

Intransitive verb tourism

Singapore's tourism industry is developed, and 199 1 year receives 4.5 million foreign tourists, an increase of 1.7% over the previous year, with a revenue of S $8.5 billion. To travel to Singapore, you can go to the zoo, botanical garden, lion's head and fish's tail park, Elizabeth Park and Jurong Island Park.

You can also climb Sentosa Island, Turtle Island and Mount Royal. You can also visit Chinatown and the World Trade Center Building. Visit the 60-foot Singapore War Memorial Tower. The names of 24,000 martyrs who died in World War II were engraved on 24 walls around the memorial tower.